膜技术10.docx

膜技术10.docx

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膜技术10

JournalofMembraneScience359（2010）115–125

ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirect

JournalofMembraneScience

journalhomepage:

MembranetechnologiesforCO2separation

A.Brunettia,F.Scuraa,G.Barbieria,∗,E.Driolia,b

aNationalResearchCouncil,InstituteforMembraneTechnology（ITM–CNR）,ViaPietroBUCCI,c/oTheUniversityofCalabria,Cubo17C,87030RendeCS,Italy1

bTheUniversityofCalabria,DepartmentofChemicalEngineeringandMaterials,Cubo44A,ViaPietroBUCCI,87030RendeCS,Italy

articleinfo

abstract

Articlehistory:

Received21July2009

Receivedinrevisedform6October2009

Accepted17November2009

Availableonline26November2009

Keywords:

MembranesystemsCO2separation

Fluegas

Today,alltheexistingcoal-firedpowerplantspresentovertheworldemitabout2billiontonsofCO2peryear.Theidentificationofacaptureprocesswhichwouldfittheneedsoftargetseparationperformances,togetherwithaminimalenergypenalty,isakeyissue.Becauseoftheirfundamentalengineeringandeconomicadvantagesovercompetingseparationtechnologies,membraneoperationsare,now,beingexploredforCO2capturefrompowerplantemissions.TheaimofthisworkistoprovidepeopleinterestedintheuseofmembranesinCO2captureageneraloverviewoftheactualsituationbothintermsofmaterialsstudiesandglobalstrategytofollowinthechoiceofthemembranegasseparationwithrespecttotheotherseparationtechnologies.Firstly,anoverviewonthepolymericmembranescurrentlystudiedfortheiruseinCO2captureandoftheirtransportpropertiesisproposed.Uptonow,themostpromisingmaterialsdevelopedatlaboratoryscaleshowaselectivityof100–160.Then,someimportantdesignparametershavebeenintroducedinordertoevaluatetheadvantagespotentiallyofferedbymembranesystemswithrespecttotheotherseparationtechnologies（adsorptionandcryogenic）.Theseparameters,basedonspecificconsiderationsrelatedtotheoutputtobeobtainedastheproductpurityandthefinaldestinationoftheproductandtothefeedconditions,mightconstituteguidelinesforthechoiceoftheseparationtechnology.Consideringascasestudyafluegasstreamcontaining13%ofCO2,somegeneralmapsofCO2recoveryversuspermeatepurityhavebeenintroduced.ThismightconstituteasimpletoolusefulforanimmediateandpreliminaryanalysisonthemembranetechnologysuitabilityforCO2separationfromfluegas,alsoonthelightofspecificconsiderations,strictlyrelatedtotheoutputtobeobtained.

©2009ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.

1.Introduction

Electricityproductionfromfossilfuelbasedpowerplantswillbechallengedbygrowingconcernsthatanthropogenicemissionofgreenhousegasessuchascarbonmonoxidearecontributingtotheglobalclimatechange.Today,alltheexistingcoal-firedpowerplantspresentovertheworldemitabout2billiontonsofCO2peryear.TheregulationofthecarbondioxideemissionsimpliesthedevelopmentofspecificCO2capturetechnologiesthatcanberetrofittedtoexistingpowerplantsaswelldesignedintonewplantswiththegoaltoachieve90%ofCO2capturelimitingtheincreaseincostofelectricitytonomorethan35%[1].Therefore,therecoveryofCO2fromlargeemissionsourcesisaformidabletech-nologicalandscientificchallengewhichhasreceivedconsiderableattentionforseveralyears[2–4].Inparticular,theidentificationofacaptureprocesswhichwouldfittheneedsoftargetseparationper-formances,togetherwithaminimalenergypenalty,isakeyissue.

∗Correspondingauthor.Tel.:

+390984492029;fax:

+390984402103.

E-mailaddress:

g.barbieri@r.it（G.Barbieri）.

1r.it.

Currently,themainstrategiesforthecarbondioxidecaptureinafossilfuelcombustionprocessare[5]:

•Oxy-fuelcombustion:

Thisoptionconsistsinperformingtheoxy-gen/nitrogenseparationontheoxidantstream,sothataCO2/H2Omixtureisproducedthroughthecombustionprocess.Theadvan-tageoffeedinganoxygen-enrichedgasmixture（95%oxygen）insteadofair,istheachievementofapurgestreamrichinCO2andwaterwithverylowN2content,thereforetheCO2canbeeasilyrecoveredafterthecondensationofthewatervapor.

•Pre-combustioncapture:

Thissolutionisdevelopedintwophases:

（i）theconversionofthefuelinamixtureofH2andCO（syngasmixture）through,e.g.,partialoxidation,steamreformingorauto-thermalreformingofhydrocarbons,followedbywater-gasshift;（ii）theseparationofCO2（at30–35%）fromtheH2thatisthenfedascleanfueltoturbines.Inthesecases,theCO2separationcouldhappenatveryhighpressures（upto80barof