Stereotype endorsement and perceived ability as mediators of the girls.docx

Stereotype endorsement and perceived ability as mediators of the girls.docx

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Stereotypeendorsementandperceivedabilityasmediatorsofthegirls

Stereotypeendorsementandperceivedabilityasmediatorsofthegirls'genderorientation–soccerperformancerelationship

∙AïnaChalabaeva, , 1, , 

∙PhilippeSarrazina, , , 

∙PaulFontayneb

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doi:

10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.08.002

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Abstract

Objective

Thisstudyinvestigatedgirls'endorsementofthestereotypethatgirlsarenotgoodsoccerperformersthroughthreequestions:

（1）didstereotypeendorsementpredictsoccerperformance?

（2）Wasthisrelationshipmediatedbyperceivedability?

（3）Wasstereotypeendorsementrelatedtogenderroleorientation?

Method

Onehundredandtwojuniorhighschoolgirlsfromthe6thtothe9thgrade（M age = 13.5years,SD = 1.23）reportedtheirbeliefsaboutgirls'andboys'performanceinsoccer,perceivedabilityandgenderroleorientation.Next,theirsoccerperformancewasobservedduringmatchesincompulsoryphysicaleducationclasses.Apath-analyticmodeltestedtherelationshipsamongthevariablesusingaproduct-momentcorrelationmatrixandamaximumlikelihoodestimationprocedure.

Results

Stereotypeendorsement（i.e.,thebeliefthatgirls'performanceinsoccerispoor）negativelypredictedperformance,thisrelationshipbeingmediatedbyperceivedability.Moreover,masculinitypositivelypredictedperceivedability,andthisrelationshipwaspartiallymediatedbystereotypeendorsement.

Conclusion

Thisstudyreinforcestheideathatgirls'sportsperformancemayberelatedtogenderstereotypes.InterpretationsoftheresultsinlightofEccleset al.’sexpectancy-valuemodelandstereotypethreattheoryarediscussed,alongwithimplicationsforpractice.

Keywords

∙Genderstereotypes; 

∙Stereotypeendorsement; 

∙Sportsperformance; 

∙Perceivedability; 

∙Genderrole

Perceptionsofrelationshipswithparentsandpeersinyouthsport:

Independentandcombinedpredictionofmotivationaloutcomes

∙SarahUllrich-French , 

∙AlanL.Smith, 

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doi:

10.1016/j.psychsport.2005.08.006

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Abstract

Purpose

Thisstudywasdesignedtoexaminehowyouths'perceptionsoftheirrelationshipswithparentsandpeersindependentlyandincombinationpredictmotivationaloutcomesinyouthsport.

Method

Youthsoccerplayers（N=186）completedsurveymeasurestappingperceptionsofparent–childrelationshipquality,friendshipquality,andpeeracceptancerelativetothesoccercontextaswellassoccer-relatedmotivationaloutcomes（i.e.enjoyment,stress,perceivedcompetence,andself-determinedmotivation）.

Results

Descriptivefindingsshowedthatmorepositiveperceptionsofsocialrelationshipswereassociatedwithmorepositivemotivationaloutcomes.Hierarchicalregressionanalysesshowed:

（a）higherenjoymentandperceivedcompetencewerepredictedbyhigherperceptionsoftwoorthreesocialrelationshipvariablesincombination,（b）lowerstresswaspredictedbyhigherpeeracceptanceandfather–childrelationshipquality,butnotbycombinationsofsocialrelationshipvariables,and（c）higherself-determinedmotivationwaspredictedbyhigherpeeracceptance,father–childrelationshipquality,andeitherfriendshipqualityormother–childrelationshipquality.

Conclusion

Overallthestudysuggeststhatconsideringthe combination ofparent,peergroup,andfriendshiprelationshipsiscriticaltoafullunderstandingofthesocialrelationship-motivationlinkage.

Keywords

∙Friendshipquality; 

∙Motivation; 

∙Peeracceptance; 

∙Socialization; 

∙Socialrelationships

Theinfluenceofsexstereotypesandgenderrolesonparticipationandperformanceinsportandexercise:

Reviewandfuturedirections

∙AïnaChalabaeva, , , 

∙PhilippeSarrazinb, , 

∙PaulFontaynea, 

∙JulieBoichéc, , 

∙CorentinClément-Guillotind, 

Received4March2012,Revised3October2012,Accepted5October2012,Availableonline16October2012

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doi:

10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.10.005

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Abstract

Theroleofsexstereotypesandgenderrolesinthesexdifferencesobservedinsportandexercisehasbeenextensivelyinvestigatedinsportpsychology,paststudiesshowingthatstereotypesareinternalizedintotheselfduringthesocializationprocess.Althoughthisresearchhasprovidedclearevidenceofthepsychosocialrootsofsexdifferencesinathletics,focusingexclusivelyonaninternalizationexplanationmaynotallowacompleteunderstandingoftheinfluenceofstereotypesinthisdomain.Thisarticlepresentstwoapproachesthathavebeendevelopedinmainstreampsychologyanddiscussestheirrelevanceinsportpsychology:

（1）thesituationalapproach,whichconsidersthatthemerepresenceofstereotypesintheenvironmentissufficienttoaffectindividuals（e.g.,stereotypethreattheory）;

（2）thecontentofstereotypesapproach（e.g.,stereotypecontentmodel）,whichsuggeststhatstereotypesaboutaparticulargroupmaybeambivalent,andthatthisambivalencemayservetolegitimizethestatusquo.

Highlights

►Thisarticlereviewsstudiesonstereotypesandgenderrolesinsportandexercise.►Paststudiesaremostlybasedonthemodelsof Bem（1981） and Eccleset al.（1983）.►Wearguethatothermodelsofstereotypeswouldberelevantinsport.►Twoperspectivesareproposed:

thesituationalandstereotypecontentapproaches.

Keywords

∙Sexstereotype; 

∙Genderrole; 

∙Sport; 

∙Exercise; 

∙Performance; 

∙Participation

Experiencesofdyadicsportfriendshipsasafunctionofselfandpartnerattachmentcharacteristics

∙SamCarra, , , 

∙NeilFitzpatrickb

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doi:

10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.03.003

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Abstract

Objectives

Toexaminethelinkbetweenadolescent–parentattachmentrelationshipsandexperiencesoffriendshipqualityinthecontextoftheActor–PartnerInterdependenceModel.

Designandmethod

Onehundredandninetythreemaleadolescentsinvolvedinteamsportscompletedself-reportassessmentsofrelationshipsecuritywithakeyparentalattachmentfigureandofthenatureoftheirfriendshipwithanominatedsportingbestfriend.In40reciprocalbestfrienddyadsfriendshipqualityperceptionswereexaminedasaconsequenceofattachmentcharacteristicsofboththe self andone’s bestfriend.

Results

Resultsprovidedevidencethatthenatureoftheadolescent–parentattachmentrelationshipwassignificantlyrelatedtosportingfriendshipexperiences.Moresecureadolescent–parentattachmentcharacteristicscorrespondedtomorepositivesportingfriendships.Furthermore,adolescents’perceptionsofthequalityofdyadicsportingfriendshipswereapparentlyconstructednotonlyasafunctionoftheirownattachmentcharacteristicsbutalsooftheattachmentcharacteristicsoftheirbestfriend.

Conclusion

Thereisasuggestionthatadolescentperceptionsofdyadicsportingfriendshipsareconstructedasaconsequenceofbothactorandpartnerattachmentcharacteristics.

Highlights

►Attachmentsecuritywithkeycaregiverspredictsfriendshipqualityinthecontextofteamsports.►Attachmentsecurityinfluencesfriends’perceptionsofrelationships.►Attachmentsecurityalsoinfluencesindividuals'ownperceptionsofrelationships.

Keywords

∙Sportpsychology; 

∙Friendship; 

∙Attachment; 

∙Socialpsychology

Aqualitativeinvestigationexploringthemotivationalclimateinearlycareersportsparticipants:

Coach,parentandpeerinfluencesonsportmotivation

∙RichardJ.Keegana, , , 

∙ChrisG.Harwoodb, 

∙ChristopherM.Sprayb, 

∙DavidE.Lavalleec

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doi:

10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.12.003

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Abstract

Objectives

Theobjectivesofthisresearchwerea）toexploretheapplicabilityof‘motivationalclimate’researchtoearlycareerathletesundertheageoftwelve,b）tore-examinetheconceptof‘motivationalclimate’inthelightofrecentscientificdevelopments,andc）toconcurrentlystudytheinfluencesofcoaches,parentsandpeersonathleticmotivation.

DesignandMethod

Usingaqualitativedesign,40participants（7–11yearsofage）fromvarioussportswereinterviewedinfocusgroups,usingasemi-structuredformattoinvestigatetherolesplayedbycoaches,parents,andpeersininfluencingathletemotivation.Aninductivecontentanalysiswasconductedtodeterminewhichbehavioursamongthesesocialagentsinfluencedkeymotivationaloutcomes.

Findings

Theanalysisindicatedthatyoungathletesexperienceamotivationalclimatewhichshowsconsistencieswithexistingmodelsofmotivation;suggestingthispopulationisworthyoffurtherstudy.Theinfluencesofcoachesrelatedmoststronglytothemannerinwhichtheyperformtheirrolesofinstructionandassessment,whereasparents'influencesweremostsalientintermsofthewaytheysupportthechild'sparticipationandlearning.Bothparentsandcoachesexertedinfluencesthroughtheirleadershipstyles,affectiveresponsesandpre-performancebehaviours.Peersinfluencedparticipants'motivationthroughcompetitivebehaviours,collaborativebehaviours,evaluativecommunicationsa