在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案一.docx

在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案一.docx

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在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案一

在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案一

Thesignificanceoftrustisthatitallowsthepartiesinvolvedintherelationshiptoindicatehowtheyfeel,whattheybehave,andwheretheydisagreewithoutfearofcontradictionorreprisal（报复）.Trustingrelationshipencouragepeopletodisclosetheirplansandperceptionswithouthurtingthemselvesorothers.Hurt,whetherrealorimagined,isoneofthemostharmfulconsequencesofpersonalrelationshipswithotherhumanbeings.Insituationswhichyoufeelthattheotherpersonhasthepowerandintenttohurtyou,trustdiminishesquickly.Thusaclimateofdistrustappearsinyourrelationswithothers.Conversely,ifIcansaywhatevercomestomymindwithoutgettinghurt,aclimateoftrustpervadestherelationship.Trustisaperceptualphenomenonthatevolvesfromourexperienceswithothers.Iftrustingweresoeasy,wewouldnotneedtomakesuchapointofitsimportanceinhumanrelationships.Tosaythatapersonshouldtrustothersistodiminishthedifficultyofproducingtrust.Inmutualrelationships,bothpartiesmustbehavetowardoneanotherintrustingways.Eventhoughithurtsinthepitofthestomach（心窝）,youmusttrusttheotherpersonandencouragehimorhertosaythosethingsthatdemandatrustingresponse.Noonelikestogethurtandfewliketohurtothers,especiallynotthoseotherswhoareclosetousinperson-to-personrelationships.Weavoidexpressingourtruefeelingslestwebecomethetargetofarevengingattackfromtheotherperson.IfIindicatethatIdonotappreciatehavingyousmokeinmycar,ImayloveyouasafriendorImaybecomethesubjectofridiculeforallowinglittlethingslikethattobotherme.Ifthathappens,Iwillbelessopenandlesstrustingofyouthenexttime.

1.Thesignificanceoftruesliesinthefactthat_____.

[A]trustisnoteasytoreachbetweenhumanbeings

[B]trustallowspeopletosaywhatevercomestotheirminds

[C]onelikestogethurt

[D]fewliketotrustothers

2.Whatwillnothappenifapersonfeedshewillbehurtbytheother?

[A]Trustdiminishesquickly.

[B]Hewilldisclosehisplansandperceptions.

[C]Aclimateofdistrustpervadestherelationship?

[D]Oneofthemostharmfulconsequencesofpersonalrelationshipswithothersappear.

3.Trustisaphenomenonthat_____.

[A]resultsfromourexpericenceswithothers

[B]comesfromourperceptions

[C]maytrustinthepitofthestomach

[D]noneoftheabove

4.Peopleavoidexpressingtheirtruefeelingsbecause_____.

[A]theybecomethetargetofrevengingattackfromothers

[B]theyarenotsoopenandtrustingothers

[C]theydonotwanttobecomethetargetofrevengingattackfromothers

[D]theydonotwanttolosefriends

5.Impliedbutnotstated_____.

[A]Peopleusuallydonotliketotrustthosewhoareclosetous

[B]Peoplewillusuallygetreprisalorridiculefortheirtrust

[C]Iftrusthasbeenestablished,itwillneverdisappear

[D]ThenegativeresponsewillusuallyresultinthediminishingoftrustingbetweenpersonsCigarettesmokingisbelievedbymostresearchworkersinthisfieldtobeanimportantfactorinthedevelopmentofcancerofthelungsandthethroatandisbelievedtoberelatedtocancerofthebladder（膀胱）andtheoralcavity（口腔）.Malecigarettesmokershaveahigherdeathratefromheartdiseasethannon-smokingmales.

Femalesmokersarethoughttobelessaffectedbecausetheydonotbreatheinthesmokesodeeply.Themajorityofphysiciansandresearchersconsidertheserelationshipsprovedtotheirsatisfactionandsay.“Giveupsmoking.Ifyoudon’tsmoke,don’tstart”.Somecompetentphysiciansandresearchworkers-thoughtheirsmallnumberisdwindling（减小）evenfurther-arelesssureoftheeffectofcigarettesmokingonhealth.Theyconsidertheincreaseinrespiratory（呼吸的）diseasesandvariousformsofcancermaypossiblybeexplainedbyotherfactorsinthecomplexhumanenvironment-atmosphericpollution,increasednervousstress,chemicalsubstancesinprocessedfood,orChemicalpesticidesthatarenowbeingusedbyfarmersinvastQuantitiestodestroyinsectsandsmallanimals.Smokerswhodevelopcancerorlungdiseases,theysay,mayalso,bycoincidence,liveinindustrialareas,oreatmorecannedfood.Gradually,however,researchisisolatingallotherpossiblefactorsandprovingthemtobestatisticallyirrelevant.Whilealltobaccosmokingaffectslifeexpectancyandhealth,cigarettesmokingappearstohaveamuchgreatereffectthancigarorpipesmoking.However,nicotine（尼古丁）consumptionisnotdiminishedbythelatterforms,andcurrentresearchIndicatesrelationshipbetweenallformsofsmokingandcancerofthemouthandthroat.Filtersandlowtar（焦油）tobaccoareclaimedtomadesmokingtosomeextentsafer,buttheycanonlymarginallyreduce,noteliminate,thehazards.

1.Malesmokingaremoreaffectedbysmokingthanfemaleonesbecause_____.

[A]Malesmokerssmokemorethanfemaleones

[B]Malesmokersaremorelikelytobeaffectedbysmoking

[C]Malesmokersbreathinthesmokedeeperthanfemaleones

[D]Malesmokersaremorelikelytobeaffectedbyotherfactorsinhormoneenvironment

2.Accordingtothepassage,cigarettecandoharmtoallthefollowingEXCEPT_____.

[A]lung

[B]mouth

[C]heart

[D]eye

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardssmokingis_____.

[A]critical

[B]approving

[C]questioning

[D]subjective

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

[A]Moreandmoreresearchworkbelievetheeffectofcigarettesmokingonhealth.

[B]Filtersandlowtartobaccocannotgetridofthehazard.

[C]Cigarettesmikinghasagreatereffectonhealththan.

[D]Allformsoftobaccosmokingaffectslifeexpectancyandhealth.

5.Theauthorspurposeofwritingthepassageisto_____.

[A]offeradviceonhowtogiveupsmoking

[B]explaintheinfluenceofcigarettesmokingonhealth

[C]listthefactorsthatcancausecancer

[D]comparetheopinionsontheeffectofsmoking

参考答案：

CDACB　ThePoetryofGwendolynBrookshasbeenpraisedfordeepeningthesignificanceofpersonalandsocialexperiencessothattheseexperiencesbecomeuniversalintheirimplication.Shehasalsobeenpraisedforher“senseofform,whichisbasicandremarkable.”ManyofherpoemsareconcernedwithaBlackcommunitynamedBronzeville,onthesouthsideofChicago.HerliteraryskillmakesBronzevillemorethanjustaplaceonamap.Thiscommunity,likeallimportantliteraryplaces（Robinson’sTiburyTownandMasters’SpoonRiver,forexample）,becomesatestinggroundofpersonality,aplacewheretherawmaterialofexperienceisshapedbyimaginationandwherethejoysandtrialsofbeinghumanarebothsungandjudged.ThequalitiesforwhichBrooks’spoetryisledare（asonecritichaspointedout）“boldness,invention,adaringtoexperiment,andanaturalnessthatdoesnotscornliteraturebutabsorbsit.”

Herloveforpoetrybeganearly.Attheageofseven.she“begantoputrhymestogether,”andwhenshewasthirteen,oneofherpoemswaspublishedinachildren’smagazine.Duringherteensshecontributedmorethanseventy-fivepoemstoaChicagonewspaper.In1941shebegantoattendaclassinwritingpoetryattheSouthSideCommunityArtCenter,andseveralyearslater,herpoemsbegantoappearinPoetryandothermagazines.Hefirstcollectionofpoems,AStreetinBronzeville,waspublishedin1945.Fouryearslater,AnnieAllen,hersecondcollectionofpoems,appeared.In1950AnnieAllenwasawardedaPulitzerprizeforpoetry.Anovel,MaudMartha,aboutayoungblackgirlgrowingupinChicago,publishedin1953,waspraisedforitswarmthandinsights.In1963herselectedPoemsappeared.

1.ThemainsubjectofthepassageisGwendolynBrooks’s_____.

[A]personalbackground

[B]hometown

[C]literaryachievements

[D]childhood

2.WhydoestheauthormentionTiburyTownandSpoonRiver?

[A]Togivecredittotowgreatwriters.

[B]Toprovideexamplesofimportantliteraryplaces.

[C]TosuggestsimilaritiesbetweenBrooks’sstyleandthatofotherwriters.

[D]ToencouragethereadertoreadRobinsonandMasters.

3.Theauthorusesquotationsinthefirstparagraphprimarilyto_____.

[A]helpemphasizethesignificanceofBrooks’spoetry

[B]introducebiographicalinformationaboutBrooks

[C]presentopposingpointsofviewaboutBrooks’swork

[D]statelittle-knownfactsaboutBrooks’snovel

4.Accordingtothepassage,Brooks’spoetrywasfirstpublishedwhenshewas_____.

[A]sevenyearsold

[B]attendingaclassinwriting

[C]inherteens

[D]anestablishednovelist

5.Hernovelwaspraisedbecause_____.

[A]shewrotesomethingabouttheBlackpeople

[B]shehadagoodpersonality

[C]herworkswereshapedbyimagination

[D]shehadpromotedsocialandpersonalexperiences

参考答案：

CBACD　Theagriculturalrevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedtwothingstheinventionoflabor-savingmachineryandthedevelopmentofscientificagriculture.labor-savingmachinerynaturallyappearedfirstwherelaborwasscarce.“InEurope”,saidThomasJefferson,“theobjectistomakethemostoftheirland,laborbeingabundant;hereitistomakethemostofourlabor,lardbeingabundant”.ItwasinAmerica,therefore,thatthegreatadvancesinnineteenth-centuryagriculturalmachineryfirstCame.Attheopeningofthecentury,withtheexceptionofacrudeplow,farmerscouldhavecarriedpracticallyalloftheexistingagriculturalimplementsontheirbacks:

by1860,mostofthemachineryinusetodayhadbeendesignedinanearlyform.Themostimportantoftheearlyinventionswastheironplow.Asearlyas1990CharlesNewboldofNewJerseyhad