钻孔灌注桩基础施工方式英文.docx

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钻孔灌注桩基础施工方式英文.docx

钻孔灌注桩基础施工方式英文

3.2钻孔灌注桩基础

Foundationofboredgroutingpile

3.2.1施工方式

Constructionmethod

1.预备场地、测量放线:

施工前应进行场地平整,清除杂物,钻机位置处平整夯实,预备场地,同时对施工用水、泥浆池位置,动力供给,砂石料场,拌和机位置,钢筋加工厂地,施工便道,做统一的安排。

测量放线,依照设计图纸用经纬仪(或全距仪)现场进行桩位精准放样,在桩中心位置钉以木桩,并设护桩,放线后由主管技术人员进行复核,施工中护桩要妥帖看管,不得移位和丢失。

1.Sitepreparation,measuring/setting-out:

groundleveling,sundryremoval,thedrillmachinepositionlevelingandcompactingshouldbecarriedoutbeforeconstructioninordertopreparesite,meanwhilethepositionsofconstructionwatertank,mudsump,powersupply,sand-gravelstockpile,mixer,thesteelreinforcementprocessingfield,andtheconstructionroadshouldbearrangeduniformly.

Measuring/setting-out:

accuratesetting-outofpilepositionshouldbecarriedoutonsitewiththetheodolite(rangeinstrument)accordingtodesigndrawings;atimberpileshallbecompactedatthepilecenterposition,wherethefenderpilesshallbesetup.Double-checkingshallbecarriedoutbythecompetenttechnicalpersonnelaftersetting-out;thefenderpilesunderconstructionshallbetakencareproperlyandshallnotbeshiftedandlost.

2.埋设护筒

护筒因考虑多次周转,采纳3--10mm钢板制成,护筒内径,利用旋转钻机时比桩径大10--20cm,利用冲击钻时比桩径大20--30cm,埋置护筒要考虑桩位的地质和水文情形,为维持水头护筒要高出施工水位(或地下水位),无水地层护筒宜高出地面,为幸免护筒底悬空,造成蹋孔,漏水,漏浆,护筒底应坐在天然的结实的土层上(或夯实的粘土层上),护筒周围应回填粘土并夯实,护筒平面位置的误差应不超5cm。

护筒埋置深度:

在无水地域一样为1--2倍的护筒直径。

在有水地域一样为入土深度与水深的倍(无冲洗之前)。

2.Castingtubeburying

Consideringtheturnoverformanytimes,thecastingtubeismadeof3--10mmsteelplate;itsinsidediameteris10--20cmlargerthanthepilediameterwhenusingrotarydrillandis20--30cmlargerthanthepilediameterwhenusingpercussiondrill;asfortheembedmentofcastingtube,thegeologicalandhydrologicconditionsatthepilepositionshallbeconsidered;inordertomaintainthatthewaterheadcastingtubeishigherthantheconstructionwaterlevel(orundergroundwaterlevel),thecastingtubeatwaterlessgroundshouldbeabovethegroundlevel;inordertoavoidholecollapse,waterleakageandmudleakagecausedbythehangingofcastingtubebottom,the

castingtubebottomshallbelocatedonnaturalandstoutsoillayer(oroncompactedclaylayer);spacearoundthecastingtubeshallbebackfilledclayandbecompacted,andthedeviationofcastingtubeplanimetricpositionshallnotexceed5cm.Theembeddeddepthofcastingtube:

generallyis1--2timesofcastingtubediameterinwaterlessareas;generallyitistimesoftheburieddepthandwaterdepthinwater-bearingareas(beforewashingout).

3.选择钻孔机械:

正循环钻机:

粘性土、砂类土、砾、卵石粒径小于2cm,钻孔直径80--250cm,孔深30--100m。

反循环钻机:

粘性土、砂类土、卵石粒径小于钻杆内径2/3,钻孔直径80--250cm,孔深泵吸<40m,气举100m。

正循环潜水钻机:

淤泥、粘性土、砂类土、砾卵石粒径小于10cm,钻孔直径60--150cm,孔深50m。

全套管冲板抓和冲击钻机:

适用于各类土层,孔径80--150cm,孔深30--40m。

在钻孔进程中,钻机(架)必需维持平稳,不能发生位移和沉陷。

因此钻机安装就位时,底座应用枕木垫实塞紧,顶端用风绳固定平稳。

3.Selectingboringmachine:

Circulationdrill:

theparticlediameterofcohesivesoil,sandysoil,gravelandcobblestoneislessthan2cm;thediameterofboredholeis80--250cmandtheholedepthis30--100m.

Reversecirculationdrill:

theparticlediameterofcohesivesoil,sandysoilandcobblestoneislessthan2/3ofthedrillsteminternaldiameter;thediameterofboredholeis80--250cm;theholedepthpump-suctionislessthan40m;airliftis100m.

Circulationdivingdrill:

theparticlediameterofooze,cohesivesoil,sandysoil,gravelandcobblestoneislessthan10cm;thediameterofboredholeis60--150cm;theholedepthis50m.

Fullcasingpercussivegrabbingandpercussiondrill:

isapplicabletoallkindsofsoillayers;theholediameteris80--150cm;theholedepthis30--40m.

Duringtheprocessofboring,thedrillmachine(frame)mustbekeptstablewithoutdisplacementandsubsidence.Thus,whenthedrillmachineisinstalledandputinplace,itsbaseshallbecushionedfirmlyandfilledtightlywithtimbersleeper,anditstopshallbefixedstablywithcablewindrope.

4.制备泥浆应选用塑性指数Ip>10的粘性土或膨润土,对不同土层泥浆比重可按以下数据选用:

粘性土和亚粘土能够当场造浆,泥浆比重间;

粉土和砂土应制备泥浆,泥浆比重;

砂卵石和流砂层应制备泥浆,泥浆比重。

4.Forpreparationofmud,thecohesivesoilorbentonitewithplasticityindexIp>10shallbeselected;fordifferentsoillayers,themudweightmaybeselectedaccordingtothefollowingdata:

5.Thecohesivesoilandloammaybeusedformudformingonsite,andthemudweightissiltysoilandsandysoilshallbeusedformudpreparation,andthemudweightissandygraveland

quicksandlayershallbeusedformudpreparation,andthemudweightis钻孔灌注桩施工

5.Constructionofboredgroutingpile

(1)将钻机调平对准钻孔,把钻头吊起缓缓放入护筒内,对正桩位,启动泥浆泵和转盘,等泥浆输到孔内必然数量后,方可开始钻孔。

具有导向装置的钻机开钻时,应慢速推动,待导向部位全数钻进土层后,方可全速钻进。

正循环钻机开孔时,应先启动泥浆泵和转盘,待泥浆进入孔内必然数量后,方可开始钻进。

用泵吸式反循环钻进时,钻头应距孔底20--30cm,避免堵塞吸渣口,在接长钻杆时,应注意接头紧密,避免漏气、漏水和钻杆松脱。

用气举式反循环钻开孔时,钻杆必需在钻孔内埋入水中约6m,才能扬水排渣。

反循环钻进时,必需注意持续补充泥浆,维持护筒内应有的水头,幸免坍塌。

(1)Firstlevelthedrillmachineaimingattheboredhole,slowlyhoistthedrillbitandputitintothecastingtube,alignthepileposition;thenstartupthemudpumpandrotarydisk;afteracertainamountofmudisdeliveredintothehole,theholeboringmaybestarted.Whenthedrillmachinewithgateapparatusstartstobore,itshallbecarriedforwardslowly;aftertheguidingpartentirelydrillingintothesoillayer,itmaybedrilledatfullspeed.

Whenstartingholeswiththecirculationdrill,themudpumpandrotarydiskshallbestartedupfirstly;afterthedeliveryofacertainquantityofmudintothehole,drillingmaybestarted.

Whenadoptingthesuction-pump-typereversecirculationdrilling,thedrillbitshallbe20--30cmawayfromthedown-holetoavoidtheblockageofslag-suctionnotch;whenjoininglongdrillstems,attentionshallbepaidtoguaranteeingthetightjointandavoidingairleakage,waterleakageanddrillstemgetloose.

Whenboringwithair-lift-typereversecirculationdrill,thedrillstemmustbeembeddedintothewaterforabout6mintheboredholetopumpupwateranddischargeslag.

Whenadoptingreversecirculationdrilling,itmustbenotedthatmudshouldbesupplementedcontinuously,theduewaterheadinthecastingtubeshouldbemaintained,andcollapseshallbeavoided.

(2)钻孔应持续进行,不得中断,视土质及钻进部位调整钻进速度。

开始钻进及护筒刃脚部位或砂层、卵砾石层中时,应低档慢速钻进。

钻进进程中,要确保泥浆水头高度高出孔外水位以上,泥浆如有损失、漏失,应及时补充,并采取堵漏方法。

钻进进程中,每进2--3m应检查孔径、竖直度,在泥浆池捞取钻渣,以便和设计地质资料查对。

(2)Boringholeshallbecarriedoutcontinuouslywithoutinterruption,andthedrillingspeedshallbeadjustedbasedonthesoilbehavioranddrillingposition.Whenstartingdrillingtotheedgefootpartorintothesandlayer,cobbleandgravellayer,thelow-gradelowdrillingspeedshallbeadopted.Duringthedrillingprocess,itshouldbeguaranteedthattheheightofmudwaterheadisoverabovethewaterlevelofholeoutside;ifhavingmudlossorleakage,themudshallbesupplementedtimelyandtheleakingstoppagemeasuresshallbetaken.Duringthedrillingprocess,theholediameterandverticalityshallbeinspectedbydrillingevery2--3m;theboringmudshallbetaken

frommudsumpinordertocheckwiththedesignandgeologicaldata.

(3)钻进时,为减少扩孔、弯孔和斜孔,应采纳减压法钻进,使钻杆维持垂直状态,使钻头平稳回转。

(3)Indrilling,thereducedpressuremethodshallbeadoptedtomakethedrillstemmaintainverticalandthedrillbitstablyrotate,inordertoreducereaming,curvedholeandinclinedhole.

(4)终孔检查合格后,应迅速清孔,清孔方式有抽浆法(适用于孔壁不易坍塌的柱桩和磨擦桩、换浆法(用于正循环钻机)、淘渣法(适用于冲抓、冲击、成孔,掏渣后的泥浆比重应小于)。

清孔时必需保证孔内水头、提管时幸免碰孔壁。

清孔后的泥浆性能指标,沉渣厚度应符合标准要求。

不论采纳何种方式清孔排渣,都必需注意维持孔内水头,避免坍孔。

(4)Aftertheholeiscompletedandisqualifiedthroughexamination,theholeshallberapidlycleaned;thehole-cleaningmethodsincludeslurry-pumpingmethod(applicabletothecolumnpileandfrictionpilewiththeholewalldifficulttocollapse),slurryreplacementmethod(forcirculationdrill),andslagscoopingmethod(isapplicabletothemudafterpercussionandgrabbing,percussion,holeformingandslagscooping,withamudweight<.Whencleaningthehole,itmustkeepwaterheadintheholenottouchingtheholewallwhenliftingthetube.Themudpropertyindexanddregthicknessafterholecleaningshallmeettherequirementsspecifiedinthecode.Nomatterwhatmethodisadoptedfortheholecleaningandslagdischarging,thewaterheadintheholemustbemaintainedtoavoidslumping.

(5)清孔后用检孔器测量孔径,检孔器的焊接可在工地进行,监理工程师查验合格后,即可进行钢筋笼的吊装工作。

(5)Afterholecleaning,theholeinspectioninstrumentwillbeusedtomeasuretheholediameter;theweldingofholeinspectioninstrumentmaybecarriedoutatconstructionsite;afteritsisinspectedtobequalifiedbythesupervisionengineer,thehoistingworkofreinforcementcagemaybecarriedout.

(6)钢筋笼骨架,焊接时注意焊条的利用必然要符合标准要求,骨架一样分段焊接,长度由起吊设备的高度操纵,钢筋笼的接长,可采纳搭接焊或套管冷挤压连接等方式,钢筋笼安放要牢固,以防在砼浇筑进程中钢筋笼浮起,钢筋笼周边要安放圆的砼爱惜层垫块。

(6)Forthereinforcementcageframework,whenwelding,theusageofweldingrodmustmeettherequirementsspecifiedinthecode;generally,theframeworkisweldedbysection,anditslengthiscontrolledbytheheightofliftingrig;forthespreadingofreinforcementcage,theoverlapweldingorcasingcoldextrusionconnectionandanyothermethodmaybeadopted;theplacementofreinforcementcageshouldbefirmincaseofthefloatingofreinforcementcageduringtheconcretepouringprocess;thefillingblockofroundconcreteprotectivecoveringshallbeplacedatperipheryofreinforcementcage.

水下砼采纳导管法进行灌注,导管内径一样为25--35cm,导管利用前要进行闭水实验(水密、承压、接头抗拉),合格的导管才能利用,导管应居中稳步沉放,不能接触到钢筋笼,以避免导管在提升中将钢筋笼提起,导管可悬挂在钻机顶部滑轮上或用卡具吊在孔口上,导管底部距桩底的距离应符合标准要求,一样,导管顶部的贮料斗内砼量,必需知足第一次灌注剪球后导管端能埋入砼中,施工前要认真计算贮料斗容积,剪球后向导管内倾倒砼宜缓缓进行避免产生高压气囊。

施工中导管内应始终充满砼。

随着砼的不断浇入,及时测量砼顶面高度和埋管深度,及时提拔拆除导管,使导管埋入砼中的深度维持2--6m间。

砼面检测锤随孔深而定,一样不小于4Kg。

(7)Thetremiemethodwillbeadoptedforthegroutingofunderwaterconcrete;generallytheinternaldiameterofductis25--35cm;theclosedwatertest(watertight,pressure-bearing,tensilejoint)shallbecarriedoutbeforetheus

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