Renewable energy.docx

Renewable energy.docx

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Renewableenergy

Contents

1Introduction3

2Solarenergy3

1

2

2.1Introduction3

2.2History3

2.3Advantages4

2.4Uses5

2.4.1SolarHeating5

2.4.2Solarelectricgeneration5

2.4.3Solaruseinthefuture5

1

2

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5Conclusion5

1.

2.

3Nuclearpower6

1.

2.

3.

3.1Introduction6

3.2Historyanddevelopment6

3.3Advantagesanddisadvantages7

4.BiomassEnergy8

1

2

3

4

4.1Introduction8

4.2Classificationofbiomass8

1.

2.

3.

4.

4.1

4.2

4.2.1Forestresources8

4.2.2Agriculturalresources8

4.2.3Domesticsewageandindustrialwastewater8

4.2.4Municipalsolidwastes9

4.2.5Animalmanure9

4.3Distinguishingfeaturesofbiomassenergy9

1.

2.

3.

4.

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.3.1Renewable9

4.3.2Lowpollution9

4.3.3Distributionswidely9

4.3.4Largeamountofquantity9

4.4Theuseofbiomass10

1

2

3

4

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.4.1Currentsituation10

4.4.2Utilizationmethodsofbiomass10

4.4.2.1Directcombustion10

1.

2.

3.

4.

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.4.1

4.4.2

4.4.2.1

4.4.2.2Thermo-chemicalconversion10

4.4.2.3Biochemicalconversion10

1.

2.

3.

4.

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5Conclusion10

5.Conclusion11

References12

1.Introduction

Energyplaysanindispensableroleinmodernsociety.Wealldependonaconstantandreliablesupplyofenergy-forourhomes,businessesandfortransport.Buthaveyoueverthoughtaboutthesourceoftheenergyyouuse?

Inthefuture,theamountandproportionofrenewableenergygeneratedissettorise,largelybecauseofscarcesuppliesofgasandoilandalsobecauseofgovernmentpolicyandprogrammestosupportrenewableenergygeneration.

Reviewsthestatusoftechnologiesinrenewableenergy.Coveringtherateofenergyconsumptionandtheconsequencesofcontinuingthisrate,thisreportexplainshowthemainconventionalformsofrenewableenergy-includingsolarenergy,nuclearpowerandbiomassenergy.

2.SolarEnergy

1.

2.

2.1Introduction

Solarenergyisarenewablesourceofenergy;itgenerallyreferstothesun'sradiationenergy.Thesuncreatesalargeamountofinexhaustiblesolarenergythatcouldbecongregatedandchangedintoelectricityandheatenergy（Theenergyreport,2008）.Withasharpreductioninnon-renewableenergy,solarenergycouldbefurtherdeveloped.

1.

2.

2.1

2.2History

Accordingtorecords,human’suseofsolarenergyhas3,000yearsofhistory,butsolarenergyasanenergyandpowersourcehasonly300yearsofhistory.Historically,the20thcenturyscientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentofsolarenergyisstillbetterthananypreviouscentury.

During1900-1965,thefocusoftheworld'ssolarenergyresearchwasstillconcentrateoninventingasolarpowerplant.20yearsafterWorldWarII,somefar-sightedpeoplenoticedthatoilandgasresourceswerebeingrapidlyreducedandtheypromotedpublicawarenessofthisissue,whichgraduallypromotedtherecoveryofsolarenergyresearchandimplementation.

Sincetheperiod1965-1980,oilhasplayedaleadingroleintheenergystructure,anditbecameakeyfactorinnationaldevelopmentandeconomicsystems.Thus,theworldenergycrisishappened.Thecrisiswarnedusthatenergystructuresmustbechanged.Particularlyintheindustriallydevelopedcountries,therewasre-strengthenedsupportforthedevelopmentofsolarenergytechnology.Forexample,theUnitedStatesdevelopedagovernment-levelplantousesolarenergyin1973.Asubstantialincreaseinfundingforsolarresearchandasolarenergydevelopmentbankwasestablishedtopromotethecommercializationofsolarenergyproducts.

From1980tothepresent,therewasextensiveuseofnon-renewableenergysources,causingglobalenvironmentalpollutionandecologicaldestruction.Humanexistenceanddevelopmentsarenowthreatened.Inthiscontext,manycountrieshavestrengthenedcleanenergytechnologydevelopment,andmadetheconnectionthatsolarenergyandenvironmentalprotectiongotogether.

1.

2.

2.1

2.2

2.3Advantages

Comparedwithotherenergy,solarenergyhasmanyadvantagesthatpeoplecouldeasilyuse.First,solarisuniversal.Thesunlightshinesontheearthwithouttherestrictionsofgeographicalboundaries.Youcanfinditeverywhere,suchasonland,ocean,mountainsandislands.Anditcouldbeuseddirectlywithoutextractionandtransportation.Second,solarisoneofthecleanestenergiesthatwillnotinfecttheenvironment,particularlygiventoday’sincreasinglygrievousenvironmentaldefilement.Third,solarenergycanbeusedlong-term.Inlightofthepresentestimatedrateofnuclearenergygeneratedbythesun,thereisadequateenergytomaintainusfortensofbillionsofyears.Buttheearth'slifeexpectancyisaboutabillionyears,sothismeansthes