英语国家概况期末考试题型及范围答案.docx

英语国家概况期末考试题型及范围答案.docx

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期末考试题型及范围

PartITrueorFalse（10%）来自整本书课后习题

PartIIMultipleChoice（10%）来自整本书课后习题

PartIIIReadingComprehension（30%）课外

PartIVVocabulary（20%）来自课本英国部分和美国部分

PartVExplanations（10%）十选二

Giveexplanationtothefollowingterms.

1.Anglo-Saxons:

TheyweretwogroupsofGermanicpeopleswhosettleddowninEnglandfromthe5thcentury.TheywereregardedastheancestorsoftheEnglishandthefoundersofEngland.

2.TheHouseofCommons

TheHouseofCommonsistherealcentreofBritishpoliticallifebecauseitistheplacewhereabout650electedrepresentatives（MembersofParliament）makeanddebatepolicy.TheseMPsareelectedintheGeneralElectionsandshouldrepresenttheinterestsofpeoplewhovoteforthem.

3.TheBillofRightsof1689

In1689,KingJamesII'sdaughterMaryandherhusbandWilliamwereinvitedbythepoliticiansandchurchauthoritiestotakethethrone,onconditionthattheywouldrespecttherightsofParliament.TheBillofRightswaspassedin1689toensurethattheKingwouldneverbeabletoignoreParliament.

4.theCabinetoftheUK

TheCabinetconsistsofusually20mostseniorministers.MinistersareappointedbytheQueenontherecommendationofthePrimeMinister.MinistersareresponsiblecollectivelytoParliamentforallCabinetdecisions;individualMinistersareresponsibletoParliamentfortheworkoftheirdepartments.

5.ConstitutionalMonarchy

ItisapoliticalsystemthathasbeenpractisedinBritainsincetheGloriousrevolutionof1688.Accordingtothissystem,theConstitutionissuperiortotheMonarch.Inlaw,theMonarchhasmanysupremepowers,butinpractice,therealpowerofmonarchyhasbeengreatlyreducedandtodaytheQueenactssolelyontheadviceofherministers.Shereignsbutdoesnotrule.TherealpowerliesintheParliament,ortobeexact,intheHouseofCommons.

6.TheNewDeal

InordertodealwiththeDepression,PresidentFranklinRooseveltputforwardtheNewDealprogram.ItpassedalotofNewDeallawsandsetupmanyefficientsocialsecuritysystems.TheNewDealhelpedtosaveAmericandemocracyandthedevelopmentofAmericaneconomy.

7.theCivilRightsActof1964

TheCivilRightsActof1964isconsideredtobethemostfar-reachingactoncivilrightsinmoderntimes,forbiddingdiscriminationonthebasisofrace,color,religion,genderandnationalorigin.It'stheresultofastrongCivilRightsMovementinthe1960s.Theactaddedprotectionsfortherightstovote,tousepublicfacilitiesandtoenjoythesameeducationaswhitepeople.Italsocontainedprovisionsguaranteeingequalemploymentopportunities.

8.TheUSFederalsystem

Itisasystemofgovernmentinwhichhastwolayersofrule.Thereiscentralorfederalgovernmentforthenationwhichalonehasthepowertoanswerquestionsthataffectthenationasawhole.Therearealsostateandlocalgovernments.EachlayerofgovernmenthasseparateanddistinctpowerslaiddownintheConstitution.

9.Comprehensiveschools

Comprehensivesschoolstakepupilswithoutreferencetoabilityoraptitudeandprovideawide-rangingsecondaryeducationforallormostofthechildreninadistrict.

10.theGettysburgAddress

TheGettysburgAddressreferstotheshortspeechmadebyPresidentLincolnwhenhededicatedthenationalcemeteryatGettysburg.Heendedhisspeechwiththegovernmentofthepeopled,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth'

PartVIQuestions（20%）八选二

Stateyourunderstandingofthefollowingquestionsinatleast80wordsforeach.

1.WhatweretheresultsoftheIndustrialRevolutioninBritain?

TheIndustrialRevolutionchangedBritaininmanyways.First,itsindustrialproductivityincreaseddramatically.Britainbecamethemostadvancedindustrialcountryintheworld.Second,urbanizationtookplace.Manynewcitiessprangup.Third,itcausedgreatchangesinthesocialclassstructure.Thecapitalistclassbecamethemostimportantforceinthecountryandtheproletariatclassemerged.

2.WhatwerethemajorcausesofBritain'srelativeeconomicdeclineinthepost-warperiod?

Britain'seconomyexperiencedarelativedeclineinthepost-warperiodforseveralreasons.First,BritainsufferedgreatlossesinthetwoWorldWarsandhadgoneheavilyintodebttofinancethewars.Second,theeraoftheBritishEmpirewasoverbythemid-20thcentury.IndiaandotherBritishcolonies,whichprovidedrawmaterialsandlargemarketsforBritishgoods,gainedindependence.Third,Britainwasforcedtomaintainanexpensivemilitarypresenceinmanyoverseaslocationsuntiltheendofthe1960s.Whafsmore,BritainhadtomakesubstantialfinancialcontributionstoNATOandtheU.N.SecurityCouncil.Finally,BritainfailedtoinvestinindustryafterWorldWarII,whereasitscompetitorslikeGermanyandJapancaughtupbyinvestinginindustry.

3.WhatarethegeneralfeaturesofBritain'si