高考英语阅读理解提高练习题压轴题训练及答案解析.docx

高考英语阅读理解提高练习题压轴题训练及答案解析.docx

《高考英语阅读理解提高练习题压轴题训练及答案解析.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语阅读理解提高练习题压轴题训练及答案解析.docx（44页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

高考英语阅读理解提高练习题压轴题训练及答案解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Sharkattacksnotonlydisturbbeachactivities,butcanaffectassociatedtouristindustries.Sharknetsareacommonsolutiontopreventingsharkattacksonbeaches,buttheycausedangerstoseaecosystems.

   Seekingacost-effectivewaytomonitorbeachsafetyoverlargeareas,wehavedevelopedasystemcalledSharkSpotter.Itcombinesartificialintelligence（AI）,computingpower,anddrone（无人机）technologytoidentifyandwarnlifesaverstosharksnearswimmers.TheprojectisacooperationbetweentheUniversityofTechnologySydneyandTheRipperGroup,whichispioneeringtheuseofdrones—called"WestpacLittleRipperLifesavers"—inthesearchandrescuemovementinAustralia.

   SharkSpottercandetectsharksandotherpotentialthreatsusingreal-timeaerialimagery.Thesystemanalysesvideofromacameraattachedtoadronetomonitorbeachesforsharks,sendwarnings,andconductrescues.Developedwithtechniquesknownas"deeplearning",theSharkSpottersystemreceivesimageryfromthedronecameraandattemptstoidentifyallobjectsinthescene.Oncecertainobjectsaredetected,theyareputintooneof16categories:

shark,whale,dolphin,rays,differenttypesofboats,surfers,andswimmers.

   Ifasharkisdetected,SharkSpotterprovidesbothavisualsignonthecomputerscreenandanaudiblewarningtotheoperator.TheoperatorconfirmsthewarningandsendstextmessagesfromtheSharkSpottersystemtotheSurfLifeSaversforfurtheraction.Inanemergency,thedroneisequippedwithalifesavingflotationpod（漂浮仓）togetherwithanelectronicsharkrepellent（驱逐装置）thatcanbedroppedintothewaterincaseswhereswimmersareinseveretrouble,trappedinarip,oriftherearesharkscloseby.

   InJanuary2018,theWestpacLittleRipperLifesaverswasusedtorescuetwoyoungswimmerscaughtinaripatLennoxHead,NSW.Thedroneflewdownthebeachsome800metersfromthelifeguardstation,andalifesavingflotationpodwasdroppedfromthedrone.Thecompleterescueoperationtook70seconds.

   WebelieveSharkSpotterisawin-winforbothmarinelifeandbeachgoers.ThisuniquetechnologycombinesdynamicvideoimageprocessingAIandadvanceddronetechnologytocreativelydealwiththeglobalchallengeofensuringsafebeaches,protectingenvironments,andpromotingtourism.

（1）ASharkSpotteris________.

A. asolutiontomonitorsharks                           

B. anequipmenttoidentifylifesavers

C. atechnologytopreventsharkattacks           

D. aprojecttopioneertheuseofdrones

（2）Whenasharkisspottednearaswimmer,thesystemwill________.

A. taketimelyaction                                            

B. analyzethevisualdata

C. classifytheidentifiedobjects                          

D. turnon"deeplearning"mode

（3）Theexampleinthe5thparagraphshowsusthatthesystemis________.

A. efficientinsavinglives                                    

B. effectiveindetectingsharks

C. smartindrivingsharksaway                           

D. practicaloverthewholeseaarea

（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureofSharkSpotter?

A.Doubtful.

B.Optimistic.

C.Negative.

D.Objective.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）A

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种旨在防止鲨鱼袭击的技术SharkSpotter的工作原理以及重要意义。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的”Ifasharkisdetected,SharkSpotterprovidesbothavisualsignonthecomputerscreenandanaudiblewarningtotheoperator.TheoperatorconfirmsthewarningandsendstextmessagesfromtheSharkSpottersystemtotheSurfLifeSaversforfurtheraction.“如果鲨鱼被发现，SharkSpotter会在电脑屏幕上显示视觉讯号，并向操作员发出听觉警告。

操作员确认了警告，并从鲨鱼观测者系统向冲浪救生员发送短信，以便采取进一步行动。

可推断出SharkSpotter是一种防止鲨鱼袭击的技术，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的”Inanemergency,thedroneisequippedwithalifesavingflotationpod（漂浮仓）togetherwithanelectronicsharkrepellent（驱逐装置）thatcanbedroppedintothewaterincaseswhereswimmersareinseveretrouble,trappedinarip,oriftherearesharkscloseby.“在紧急情况下，无人机配备了一个救生浮选舱和一个电子防鲨器，当游泳者遇到严重麻烦、被困在裂口或附近有鲨鱼时，可以将防鲨器放入水中。

可知当在游泳者附近发现鲨鱼时，系统会及时采取行动，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第五段”InJanuary2018,theWestpacLittleRipperLifesaverswasusedtorescuetwoyoungswimmerscaughtinaripatLennoxHead,NSW.Thedroneflewdownthebeachsome800metersfromthelifeguardstation,andalifesavingflotationpodwasdroppedfromthedrone.Thecompleterescueoperationtook70seconds.“2018年1月，西太平洋小开创者救生员队（WestpacLittleRipperLifesavers）被用来营救两名在新南威尔士州伦诺克斯海德（LennoxHead）被困的年轻游泳者。

这架无人机从距离救生站800米的海滩上飞下来，一个救生浮筒从无人机上掉了下来。

整个营救行动耗时70秒。

可推知第五段的例子告诉我们这个系统在拯救生命方面是有效的，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的”WebelieveSharkSpotterisawin-winforbothmarinelifeandbeachgoers.“我们相信SharkSpotter对海洋生物和海滩游客来说都是双赢的。

可知作者对SharkSpotter的未来持乐观的态度。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Theageofadulthoodisbydefinitionarbitrary.Ifeveryonematuredatthesame,fixedrate,itwouldn'tbeahumanprocess.Indeed,maturationhappensatvaryingspeedsacrossdifferentcategorieswithinthesameindividual,soI'dsayIwaseasilyoldenoughtovoteat16,butnobodyshouldhavegivenmeacreditcarduntilIwas32,andI'vegotthecountycourtjudgmenttoproveit.

   However,webroadlyagreethatthere'sadifferencebetweenachildandanadult,evenifwemightargueaboutthetransitionpoint.SothepoliticaltheoristDavidRunciman'sviewthatsix-year-oldsshouldbeallowedtovotegoesagainstanystandardargumentabouttheageofcivicresponsibility.Nobodywouldsaythatasix-year-oldcouldbeheldcriminallyresponsible,couldbesenttowar,couldbecapableofconsent,couldbegivenresponsibilityforanything.Soallowingthemthevote—alongwith,unavoidably,seven-year-oldswhoareevensillier,ifanything—isquiteanamusingproposal.

   Runciman'sargumentisthatthisistheonlywaytorebalancepoliticallife,whichiscurrentlytwistedinfavoroftheold,whodon't（headded）everneedtodemonstratementalcapacity,evenlongafterthey'velostit.

   Thefirstpartofhiscaseisself-evident:

pensionsareprotectedwhilechildren'scentersareclosed,conceptssuchassovereignty（最高权威）areprioritizedoverthefarmoreurgentbusinessofthefuture:

climatechange.Nostalgia（怀念）forapasttheyoungwouldn'tevenrecognizeplaysacentralrole,whichiscompletelyunfair.

   Mostoftheargumentsagainstgivingsix-year-oldsavotearethatchildrenwouldendupvotingforsomethingdamagingandchaotic,ifsomeonemadeunrealisticpromisestothem,whichcouldneverberealized.Well,it'snotchildren'sfault.

   Havingsaidthat,childrendotendtowardstheprogressive,havinganaturalsenseofjustice（whichkicksinattheageofsixmonths,psychologistshaveshown,bycreatingscenesofgreatunfairnesstobabies,andmakingthemcry）andanunderdevelopedsenseofself-interest.Mykid,whenhewassix,madequiteaforcefulcaseagainstprivateproperty,onthebasisthat,sinceeverybodyneededahouse,theyshouldn'tcostmoney,becausenobodywouldwantanyoneelsenottohaveone.Also,foodshouldbefree.Itwasakindofpre-Marxcommunism,whereyoulimitthecoverageofthemarkettoonlythosethingsthatyouwouldn'tmindsomeoneelsenothaving.

   Onthatparticularday,whenwewereregisteredasvoters,mykidwasquitefartotheleftofme,butinthenormalrunofthings,we'reunited,whichbringsustothepointoftheproblem:

childrenobeyyouonalmostnothing,buttheydoseemtobelieveinyourpoliticsuntilthey'readolescent.Sogivingkidsthevoteisreallyjustawayofgivingparentsextravotes.Andwhatcanstopushavingevenmorechildren,oncethere'ssomuchenfranchisement（选举权）initforus?

   Now,ifparentscouldbetrustedtousetheirinfluencewisely,andhammerintochildrenthepoliticsitwilltaketoassureabetterfuture,thenIwouldn'tnecessarilyhaveaproblemwiththat,apartfrom,obviously,thatcultureisalreadywildlytwistedtowardsparents,andIcanimagineafewnon-parentsboilingwithfierceanger.Butthat'snotworthtalkingaboutanyway,becauseparentscan'tbetrusted,otherwisewe'dallalreadyvoteGreen（绿党）.

   Inshort:

no,six-year-oldsshouldnotgetthevote;butwhilewe'rehere,ifanyvotescomeupinthenearfuture,whichwillhaveanimpactonthenextfivedecadesofBritishpoliticallife,alongsideEUmigrants,16-year-oldscertainlyshouldbeenfranchised.

（1）Theauthorreferstohisageofadulthoodtoprovethat________.

A. certainrightsaregrantedatdifferentstagesoflife

B. there'sacommonstandardfortheageofadulthood

C. peoplematureatdifferentratesinvariousaspects

D. acreditcardismoredifficulttogetthanthevote

（2）PeoplerejectDavidRunciman'sproposalbecause________.

A. theybelievechildrenarefarfrommatureinmanyways

B. theyareuncertainwhetherchildrencanassumeresponsibility

C. theyknowtheagetogetthevoteisnottobequestioned

D. theydon'tthinkachildcangrowintoadulthoodearlier

（3）WhatisthebaseforDavidRunciman'sargument?

A. Publicignoranceofchildren'sabilities.          

B. Inequalitiesofopportunity.

C. Aculturalpreferencefortheold.                    D. Theimbalanceinpoliticallife.

（4）Theauthortalksabouthiskidtoindicatethat________.

A. childrenareinfavorofajustsocietyandtendtobeidealistic

B. childrenareinnocentanddon'twanttobeinvolvedinpolitics

C. childrenaresimple-mindedandcanfallforanadult'strick

D. childrenaregood-naturedandliketohelppeopleinneed

（5）Theauthorthinksallowingchildrenthevotemayleadto________.

A. twistedculture       

B. parents'objections       

C. misuseofrights       

D. unusualmaturation

（6）Whatisthemain