国际商务期末试题及答案.docx

国际商务期末试题及答案.docx

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国际商务期末试题及答案

IBMidtermExaminationAnsweringcard（A）

CLASS:

1001

NAME:

NUMBER:

（1-10，1scoreperquestion ;11-50,2scoreperquestion ;50-60,1scoreperquestion）

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I.True/FalseQuestions（1scoreperquestion）

1.  Thenotionthatnationaleconomiesarerelativelyself-containedentitiesisontherise. 

2. Mercantilismadvocatedthatcountriesshouldencourageexportsandimports. 

3.  Afirmbecomesamultinationalenterprisewhenitundertakesforeigndirectinvestment. 

4. ThetwomostcommonmethodsofrestrictinginwardFDIareownershiprestraintsandperformancerequirements. 

5. Themostglobalmarketscurrentlyaremarketsforindustrialgoodsandmaterialsthatserveauniversalneedtheworldover. 

6.Outsourcingisaprocessthatislimitedtomanufacturingenterprises.

7.AccordingtoPorter,fourbroadattributesofanationshapetheenvironmentinwhichlocalfirmscompeteincludingsupplyconditions,factorendowments,regulation,andadvancedfactors. 

8.OneoftheUNcentralmandatesisthepromotionofhigherstandardsofliving,fullemployment,andconditionsofeconomicandsocialprogressanddevelopment

9.Thetotalamountofcapitalinvestedinfactories,stores,officebuildingsandthelikeisreferredtoasthestockofFDI. 

10.Licensinginvolvestheestablishmentofanewoperationinaforeigncountry. 

II.MultipleChoiceQuestions（11-50,2scoreperquestion ;51-60,1scoreperquestion）

11. Whichofthefollowingisnotcharacteristicofglobalization?

A. Nationaleconomiesareturningintoindependenteconomicsystems.

B. Materialcultureisstartingtolooksimilartheworldover.

C. Perceiveddistanceisshrinkingduetoadvancesintransportationandtelecommunications.

D. Barrierstocross-bordertradeandinvestmentaredeclining.

12. Whichofthefollowingisnotanimpediment（限制）thatmakesitdifficultforfirmstoachievetheoptimaldispersion（最优分散）oftheirproductiveactivitiestolocationsaroundtheglobe?

A. Reducedtransportationcosts.

B. Governmentregulations.

C. Issuesassociatedwitheconomicandpoliticalrisk.

D. Barrierstoforeigndirectinvestment.

13.  Technologicalinnovationshavefacilitatedallofthefollowingexcept:

A. globalizationofproduction.

B. globalizationofmarkets.

C. creationofelectronicglobalmarketplaces.

D. creationofabsolutelyhomogeneous（均匀的）consumermarkets.

14. Whatisthetotalcumulativevalueofforeigninvestmentsbestreferredtoas?

A. Accumulationofforeignshares

B. Portfolioinvestments

C. Stockofforeigndirectinvestments

D. Stockmarketinvestments

15. Ifthecriticsofglobalizationarecorrect,allofthefollowingthingsmustbeshownexcept:

A. theshareofnationalincomereceivedbylabor,asopposedtothesharereceivedbytheownersofcapitalshouldhavedeclinedinadvancednations.

B. eventhoughlabor'sshareoftheeconomicpiemayhavedeclined,livingstandardsneednotdeteriorateifthesizeofthetotalpiehasincreasedsufficientlytooffset（抵消）thedeclineinlabor'sshare.

C. thedeclineinlabor'sshareofnationalincomemustbeduetomovingproductiontolow-wagecountries,asopposedtoimprovingproductiontechnologyandproductivity.

D. economicgrowthindevelopednationshasoffsetthefallinunskilledworkers'shareofnationalincome,raisingtheirlivingstandards.

16.  Thistheory,advancedbythe19th-centuryEnglisheconomistDavidRicardo,formstheintellectualbasisofthemodernargumentforunrestrictedfreetrade. 

A. Heckscher-Ohlin

B. Mercantilism

C. Comparativeadvantage

D. Absoluteadvantage

17.  Thistheoryexplainstheobservedpatternsofinternationaltradebyemphasizingtheinterplaybetweentheproportionsinwhichthefactorsofproductionareavailableindifferentcountriesandtheproportionsinwhichtheyareneededforproducingparticulargoods. 

A. Mercantilism

B. Heckscher-Ohlin

C. Absoluteadvantage

D. Comparativeadvantage

18.  IdentifytheincorrectstatementpertainingtoRaymondVernon'sproductlife-cycletheory. 

A. Earlyintheirlifecycle,mostnewproductsareproducedinandexportedfromthecountryinwhichtheyweredeveloped.

B. Asanewproductbecomeswidelyacceptedinternationally,productionstartsinothercountries.

C. Aproductintheearlystageoftheproductlife-cycleisimportedbythecountrywhereitwasinnovated.

D. Aproductmayultimatelybeexportedbacktothecountryofitsoriginalinnovation.

19. Thetheoryof_____,developedbyMichaelPorter,focusesontheimportanceofcountryfactors,inadditiontofactorendowments,suchasdomesticdemandanddomesticrivalryinexplaininganation'sdominanceintheproductionandexportofparticularproducts. 

A. newtrade

B. absoluteadvantage

C. comparativeadvantage

D. nationalcompetitiveadvantage

20.Identifythetheorythatcanbeinterpretedasjustifyingsomelimitedgovernmentinterventiontosupportthedevelopmentofcertainexport-orientedindustries. 

A. Theoryofnationalcompetitiveadvantage

B. Heckscher-Ohlintheory

C. Theoryofcomparativeadvantage

D. Theoryofabsoluteadvantage

21.  Mercantilismviewedtradeasa（n）:

A.economicevil.

B.  zero-sumgame.

C. nonessentialeconomicactivity.

D. threattoagovernment'sindependence.

22. Whatisthebasicmessageofthetheoryofcomparativeadvantage?

A. Countriesaresimilarintheirabilitytoproducegoodsefficiently

B. Internationaltradeisrarelybeneficialtoacountry

C. Potentialworldproductionisgreaterwithunrestrictedfreetradethanitiswithrestrictedtrade

D. Tradeisazero-sumgame

23. Accordingtotheproductlife-cycletheory,thelocusofglobalproductioninitiallyswitchesfromtheU.S.tootheradvancednationsandthenfromthosenationstodevelopingcountries.TheconsequenceofthistrendforthepatternofworldtradeisthatovertimetheU.S.:

A. becomesthesoleproduceroftheproduct.

B. switchesfrombeinganexporteroftheproducttobeinganimporteroftheproduct.

C. switchesfrombeinganimporteroftheproducttobeinganexporteroftheproduct.

D. becomesthesoleconsumeroftheproduct.

24. _____suggeststhatwhennationstrade,eachnationmaybeabletospecializeinproducinganarrowerrangeofproductsthanitwouldintheabsenceoftrade,andthroughtrade,eachnationcansimultaneouslyincreasethevarietyofgoodsavailabletoitsconsumersandlowerthecostsofthosegoods. 

A. Theproductlife-cycletheory

B. Porter'sdiamondofcompetitiveadvantage

C. Newtradetheory

D. Thetheoryofcomparativeadvantage

25.  Accordingtothenewtradetheorists,becauseearlyentrantsareabletogain_____,theearlyentrantsintoanindustrymaygetalockontheworldmarketthatdiscouragessubsequententry. 

A. zero-sumadvantages

B. highlyskilledemployees

C. processexpertise

D. economiesofscale

26.  Agreenfieldinvestment:

A. isaformofFDIthatinvolvestheestablishmentofanewoperationinaforeigncountry.

B. involvesa7percentstockinanacquiredforeignbusinessentity.

C. involvesamergerwithaforeignbusiness.

D. occurswhenafirmacquiresanothercompanyinaforeigncountry.

27.  Historically,mostFDIhasbeendirectedatthe_____nationsoftheworldasfirmsbasedinadvancedcountriesinvestedin:

A. underdeveloped;underdevelopedcountries.

B. developed;underdevelopedcountries.

C. developed;eachother'smarkets.

D. underdeveloped;eachother'smarkets.

28. IdentifytheincorrectstatementregardingthedirectionofFDI. 

A. Historically,mostFDIhasbeendirectedatthedevelopingnationsoftheworld.

B. Duringthe1980sand1990s,theUnitedStateswasoftenthefavoritetargetforFDIinflows.

C. ThedevelopednationsoftheEUhavereceivedsignificantFDIinflows.

D. RecentinflowsintodevelopingnationshavebeentargetedattheemergingeconomiesofSouth,East,andSoutheastAsia.

29.  AccordingtoKnickerbocker:

A. thefirmsthatpioneeraproductintheirhomemarketsundertakeFDItoproduceaproductforconsumptioninaforeignmarket.

B. whenafirmthatispartofanoligopolisticindustryexpandsintoaforeignmarket,otherfirmsintheindustrywillbecompelledtomakesimilarinvestments.

C. combininglocation-specificassetsorresourceendowmentsandthefirm'sownuniqueassetsoftenrequiresFDI.

D. impedimentstothesaleofknow-howincreasetheprofitabilityofFDIrelativetolicensing.

30. Whentwoormoreenterprisesencountereachotherindifferentregionalmarkets,nationalmarkets,orindustries,thereis:

A. verticalintegration.

B. horizontalintegration.

C. multipointcompetition.

D. monopolisticcompetition.

31. Theproductlifecyclesuggeststhat:

A. oftenthesamefirmsthatpioneeraproductintheirhomemarketsundertakeFDItoproduceaproductforconsumptioninforeignmarkets.

B. whenafirmthatispartofanoligopolisticindustryexpandsintoaforeignmarket,otherfirmsintheindustrywillbecompelledtomakesimilarinvestments.

C. combininglocation-specificassetsorresourceendowmentsandthefirm'sownuniqueassetsoftenrequiresFDI.

D. impedimentstothesaleofknow-howincreasetheprofitabilityofFDIrelativetolicensing.

32. The_____suggeststhatafirmwillestablishproductionfacilitieswhereforeignassetsorresourceendowmentsthatareimportanttothefirmarelocated. 

A. productlifecycle

B. strategicbehaviortheory

C. multipointcompetitiontheory

D. eclecticpa