专八英语阅读及解析.docx

专八英语阅读及解析.docx

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专八英语阅读及解析

英译汉

　　We,thehumanspecies,areconfrontingaplanetaryemergency–athreattothesurvivalofourcivilizationthatisgatheringominousanddestructivepotentialevenaswegatherhere.Butthereishopefulnewsaswell:

wehavetheabilitytosolvethiscrisisandavoidtheworst–thoughnotall–ofitsconsequences,ifweactboldly,decisivelyandquickly.　

　　However,despiteagrowingnumberofhonorableexceptions,toomanyoftheworld'sleadersarestillbestdescribedinthewordsWinstonChurchillappliedtothosewhoignoredAdolfHitler'sthreat:

Theygooninstrangeparadox,decidedonlytobeundecided,resolvedtobeirresolute,adamantfordrift,solidforfluidity,allpowerfultobeimpotent.　

　　Sotoday,wedumpedanother70milliontonsofglobal-warmingpollutionintothethinshellofatmospheresurroundingourplanet,asifitwereanopensewer.Andtomorrow,wewilldumpaslightlylargeramount,withthecumulativeconcentrationsnowtrappingmoreandmoreheatfromthesun.

　　我们人类，正面临全球性的危机，我们的保留和文明受到威胁。

尽管我们聚在一路共商对策，而灾难却在扩大，形式不容乐不美观。

但也有令人欣喜的动静：

如不美观步履斗胆不美判定，反映迅速，我们有能力解决这场危机，避免其向最坏的标的目的成长。

　　可是，时下世界上的良多国家率领人可以用昔时温斯顿•丘吉尔攻讦欧洲诸政要轻忽阿道夫•希特勒的名言来形容，“它们在奇异的悖论中前行，仅仅为一个抉择而踌躇不决，有终局心却牵丝攀藤，抉择信念犹疑不定，看法趁波逐浪，掌权者虚弱无力。

”

　　而现在我们向这个星球懦弱的大气层倾倒跨越七万万吨温室气体，把其算作自然排污口。

明天我们还会变本加厉，聚积的温室气体吸纳了越来越多的太阳热度。

汉译英

　　手机改变了人与人之间的关系。

凡是有注重到会议室的门上的通告，写着“封锁手机。

”然而，会议室仍然布满着铃声。

我们都是通俗人，没有良多主要的工作。

可是，我们也不愿等闲封锁手机。

打开手机象征着我们与世界的联系。

手机反映出我们的社交饥渴。

我们经常看到，一小我走着走着，就俄然停下来了，眼睛盯着他的手机，不管他在那儿那里，无论是在道路中心或旁边有嚣张所。

Cellphonehasalteredhumanrelations.Thereisusuallyanoteonthedoorofconferenceroom,whichreadscloseyourhandset.However,theringsarestillresoundingintheroom.Weareallcommonpeopleandhasfewurgenciestodo.Still,wearereluctanttoturnoffthephone.Cellphonesymbolizesourconnectionwiththeworldandreflectsourthirstforsocialization.Wearefamiliarwiththescenewhenapersonstopshisstepstoeditshortmessageswitheyesgluedathisphone,disregardofhislocation,whetherinroadcenterorbesiderestroom.

\PARTIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION（30MIN）u5f365考试网

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Inthissectiontherearefourreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotalof20multiple-choicequestions.Readthepassagesandthenmarkyouranswersonyourcolouredanswersheet.u5f365考试网

u5f365考试网

TextAu5f365考试网

TheUniversityinTransformation,editedbyAustralianfuturistsSohailInayatullahandJenniferGidley,presentssome20highlyvariedoutlooksontomorrow’suniversitiesbywritersrepresentingbothWesternandnon-Westernperspectives.Theiressaysraiseabroadrangeofissues,questioningnearlyeverykeyassumptionwehaveabouthighereducationtoday.u5f365考试网

ThemostwidelydiscussedalternativetothetraditionalcampusistheInternetUniversity—avoluntarycommunitytoscholars/teachersphysicallyscatteredthroughoutacountryoraroundtheworldbutalllinkedincyberspace.Acomputerizeduniversitycouldhavemanyadvantages,suchaseasyscheduling,efficientdeliveryoflecturestothousandsorevenmillionsofstudentsatonce,andreadyaccessforstudentseverywheretotheresourcesofalltheworld’sgreatlibraries.u5f365考试网

YettheInternetUniversityposesdangers,too.Forexample,alineoffranchisedcourseware,producedbyafewsuperstarteachers,marketedunderthebrandnameofafamousinstitution,andheavilyadvertised,mighteventuallycometodominatetheglobaleducationmarket,warnssociologyprofessorPeterManicasoftheUniversityofHawaiiatManoa.Besidesenforcingarigidlystandardizedcurriculum,sucha“collegeeducationinabox”couldunderselltheofferingsofmanytraditionalbrickandmortarinstitutions,effectivelydrivingthemoutofbusinessandthrowingthousandsofcareeracademicsoutofwork,noteAustraliancommunicationsprofessorsDavidRooneyandGregHearn.u5f365考试网

Ontheotherhand,whileglobalconnectivityseemshighlylikelytoplaysomesignificantroleinfuturehighereducation,thatdoesnotmeangreateruniformityincoursecontent—orotherdangers—willnecessarilyfollow.Counter-movementsarealsoatwork.u5f365考试网

Manyinacademia,includingscholarscontributingtothisvolume,arequestioningthefundamentalmissionofuniversityeducation.Whatif,forinstance,insteadofreceivingprimarilytechnicaltrainingandbuildingtheirindividualcareers,universitystudentsandprofessorscouldfocustheirlearningandresearcheffortsonexistingproblemsintheirlocalcommunitiesandtheworld?

FeministscholarIvanaMilojevicdarestodreamwhatauniversitymightbecome“ifwebelievedthatchildcareworkersandteachersinearlychildhoodeducationshouldbeoneofthehighest（ratherthanlowest）paidprofessionals?

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Co-editorJenniferGidleyshowshowtomorrowsuniversityfaculty,insteadofgivinglecturesandconductingindependentresearch,maytakeonthreenewroles.Somewouldactasbrokers,assemblingcustomizeddegree-creditprogrammesforindividualstudentsbymixingandmatchingthebestcourseofferingsavailablefrominstitutionsallaroundtheworld.Asecondgroup,mentors,wouldfunctionmuchliketoday’sfacultyadvisers,butarelikelytobeworkingwithmanymorestudentsoutsidetheirownacademicspecialty.Thiswouldrequirethemtoconstantlybelearningfromtheirstudentsaswellasinstructingthem.u5f365考试网

Athirdnewroleforfaculty,andinGidley’sviewthemostchallengingandrewardingofall,wouldbeasmeaning-makers:

charismaticsagesandpractitionersleadinggroupsofstudents/colleaguesincollaborativeeffortstofindspiritualaswellasrationalandtechnologicalsolutionstospecificreal-worldproblems.u5f365考试网

Moreover,thereseemslittlereasontosupposethatanyoneformofuniversitymustnecessarilydriveoutallotheroptions.Studentsmaybe“enrolled”incoursesofferedatvirtualcampusesontheInternet,between—orevenduring—sessionsatarealworldproblemfocusedinstitution.u5f365考试网

Asco-editorSohailInayatullahpointsoutinhisintroduction,nofutureisinevitable,andtheveryactofimaginingandthinkingthroughalternativepossibilitiescandirectlyaffecthowthoughtfully,creativelyandurgentlyevenadominanttechnologyisadaptedandapplied.Eveninacademia,thefuturebelongstothosewhocareenoughtoworktheirvisionsintopractical,sustainablerealities.u5f365考试网

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11.WhenthebookreviewerdiscussestheInternetUniversity,u5f365考试网

[A]heisinfavourofit.u5f365考试网

[B]hisviewisbalanced.u5f365考试网

[C]heisslightlycriticalofit.u5f365考试网

[D]heisstronglycriticalofit.u5f365考试网

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12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTseenasapotentialdangeroftheInternetUniversity?

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[A]Internetbasedcoursesmaybelesscostlythantraditionalones.u5f365考试网

[B]Teachersintraditionalinstitutionsmaylosetheirjobs.u5f365考试网

[C]Internetbasedcoursewaremaylackvarietyincoursecontent.u5f365考试网

[D]TheInternetUniversitymayproduceteacherswithalotofpublicity.u5f365考试网

u5f365考试网

13.Accordingtothereview,whatisthefundamentalmissionoftraditionaluniversityeducation?

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[A]Knowledgelearningandcareerbuilding.u5f365考试网

[B]Learninghowtosolveexistingsocialproblems.u5f365考试网

[C]Researchingintosolutionstocurrentworldproblems.u5f365考试网

[D]Combiningresearcheffortsofteachersandstudentsinlearning.u5f365考试网

u5f365考试网

14.Judgingfromthethreenewrolesenvisionedfortomorrowsuniversityfaculty,universityteachersu5f365考试网

[A]arerequiredtoconductmoreindependentresearch.u5f365考试网

[B]arerequiredtooffermorecoursestotheirstudents.u5f365考试网

[C]aresupposedtoassumemoredemandingduties.u5f365考试网

[D]aresupposedtosupervisemorestudentsintheirspecialty.u5f365考试网

u5f365考试网

15.Whichcategoryofwritingdoesthereviewbelongto?

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[A]Narration.u5f365考试网

[B]Description.u5f365考试网

[C]Persuasion.u5f365考试网

[D]Exposition.

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Everystreethadastory,everybuildingamemory.Thoseblessedwithwonderfulchildhoodscandrivethestreetsoftheirhometownsandhappilyrollbacktheyears.Therestarepulledhomebydutyandleaveassoonaspossible.AfterRayAtleehadbeeninClanton（hishometown）forfifteenminuteshewasanxioustogetout.u5f365考试网

Thetownhadchanged,butthenithadn’t.Onthehighwaysleadingin,thecheapmetalbuildingsandmobilehomesweregatheringastightlyaspossiblenexttotheroadsformaximumvisibility.Thistownhadnozoningwhatsoever.Alandownercouldbuildanythingwithnopermit,noinspection,nonoticetoadjoininglandowners,nothing.Onlyhogfarmsandnuclearreactorsrequiredapprovalsandpaperwork.Theresultwasaslash-and-buildclutterthatgotuglierbytheyear.u5f365考试网

Butintheoldersections,nearerthesquare,thetownhadnotchangedatall.ThelongshadedstreetswereascleanandneataswhenRayroamedthemonhisbike.Mostofthehouseswerestillownedbypeopleheknew,orifthosefolkshadpassedonthenewownerskeptthelawnsclippedandtheshutterspainted.Onlyafewwerebeingneglected.Ahandfulhadbeenabandoned.u5f365考试网

ThisdeepinBiblecountry,itwasstillanunwrittenruleinthetownthatlittlewasdoneonSundaysexceptgotochurch,sitonporches,visitneighbours,restandrelaxthewayGodintended.u5f365考试网

Itwascloudy,quitecoolforMay,andashetouredhisoldturf,killingtimeuntiltheappointedhourforthefamilymeeting,hetriedtodwellonthegoodmemoriesfromClanton.TherewasDizzyDeanParkwherehehadplayedLittleLeagueforthePirates,andtherewasthepublicpoolhe’dswumineverysummerexcept1969whenthecitycloseditratherthanadmitblackchildren.Therewerethechurches—Baptist,Methodist,andPresbyterian—facingeachotherattheintersectionofSecondandElmlik