国贸专业 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 不对外国企业抱任何敌意.docx
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国贸专业外文翻译外文文献英文文献不对外国企业抱任何敌意
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Introduction
ITC:
Notforeignenterprisesholdanyhostility
-Vice-ChairmanoftheU.S.InternationalTradeCommission(ITC)Deanna Tanner, OkunInterview
ForeignTade:
For Chinesecompanies, the U.S.InternationalTrade Commission(ITC) is stillrelativelyunknown.Economicandtradefields, known forChineseenterprises, theMinistryofCommerce.ITC Whatarethedifferences intheirfunctions?
DeannaTannerOkun:
States InternationalTrade Commission(ITC) isa set up byCongress, quasi-judicialfederalagencywithextensivepowerstodealwithtrade-relatedissues.
IntheU.S.,hasthepowerinstitutionsdealingwithtrade-relatedmattersinadditiontotheITCtheU.S.CommerceDepartment.Performtheirdutiesinthecourseoftheinvestigationoftheanti-dumpingandintellectualpropertyrightsinfringement,thedisplaycan.
Ineconomyandtrade,specifically,thedutiesoftheU.S.DepartmentofCommercefindsthatconstitutedumpinganddumpingmargin,ITCismainlysurveydumpingtothedetrimentofdomesticfirmsintheUnitedStates.Inaddition.ITCisaquasi-judicialbody,independentoftheGovernment,specializedagencies,andtradefortheU.S.governmenttoprovideadviceandstatistics.TotakemeasurestomaintainthegeneralmarketrelationsintheUnitedStatesforunfairtradepractices.
Thatis,theITC'smainfunctionsincludethreeparts.ManagementofU.S.traderemedylawsfairandobjectivemanner;tariffs,internationaltradeandcompetitionissuestothePresident,theUnitedStatesTradeRepresentative(USTR)andCongresstoprovideindependent,high-qualityinformationandsupport;maintainingtheU.S.HarmonizedTariffSchedule.Basedontheabove-mentionedfunctions.ITCsixmembersdesignatedbythePresidentandtheSenaterecognizedtheadditionwasdesignatedtofilltheunexpiredvacancy,theappointmenttermofnineyears.ThetermofofficebytheConstitution,theprovisionsofthestaggeredcalculated.Every18months,havedifferentmembershaveretired.Membersoftheofficeformorethanfiveyearsmaynotagainbespecified.Nomorethanthreemembersfromthesamepoliticalparty.ChairmanandVice-Chairmanappointedbythepresidentforatermofthestatutorytwoyears.ThePresidentshallnotformerPresidentfromthesamepoliticalparty.ThePresidentshallappointtwomembersfromthesamepoliticalpartyasChairandVice-Chairman.
ForeignTade:
Then,theITCishowtoperformitsfunctionsfornationalservice?
DeannaTannerOkun:
ITCarefivewaystocarryoutitsfunctionstoservethecountry:
-Importinjuryinvestigation,includingdeterminingtheimportofsomekindofunfairtrade(anti-dumpingorcountervailingdutyinvestigations)andtheincreaseinimports(globalandbilateralsecuritymeasuresfortheinvestigation)tocausedamageorathreatofmaterialinjurytoU.S.industry.
-IP-relatedimportsofinvestigation,includingtheguidetosex,toobeythepresident'sobjectionsagainstcertainunfairpracticesintheimporttrade,suchaspatentortrademarkinfringement.
-Investigationprocedures,includinganobjectiveanalysisofthemajortrade-relatedissues;topredicttheeconomicimpactoftradeagreements;analysisofthespecificcompetitionintheindustry,andtofindwithintheindustryandexternaleconomicfactorsthataffecttheindustrycompetitive.
-TradeinformationservicestotheITC,Congressandtheimplementingagenciesandthepublicdeliveryofreliableandtimelyinformationandanalysisofdatathroughthisservice.
-Tradepolicysupport.ITCstafftoprovidedirecttechnicalsupporttotheUSTR,Congressionalcommittees,inter-departmentalcommittee,andtheU.S.delegationinmultilateraltradeorganizationssuchastheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO).
Authorizationbasedonfieldsurveys.ITCtoexercisethepowersoftheextensiveinvestigationoftrade-relatedissues.
Therighttoexercisejudgment,theITCtomakeadecisioninrespectofcertainunfairtradepractices.Throughresearch.ITCalsobecomethesourceofanationaltradedatacollectionandanalysis,andinformationandanalysisavailabletotheimplementingagenciesandCongresstohelpthemtospecifyanddevelopU.S.tradepolicy.
ForeignTade:
Articlesunderstand,importinjuryinvestigation,anti-dumping/countervailingdutyinvestigations.Thefive-year(sunset)reviewofglobalsecuritymeasurestoinvestigate,andIP-relatedimportsinvestigationtheITCoftenconductedseveralmajorinvestigations.Couldyoutalkaboutthedifferencebetweenthem?
DeannaTannerOkun:
ImportInjuryInvestigation:
ITCreservestherighttodecidebasedonwhethertheU.S.tradelawimportedproductscausedamagetorelatedindustriesfortheUnitedStates,orathreatofinjury.ITC'sinjuryinvestigationintothe13anti-dumpingandcountervailingdutyinvestigations.AndinaccordancewithChapterVIIofthe1930TariffActfive-year(sunset)review;globalsecuritymeasuresunderthe1974TradeAct(Disclaimer),Chinesesecuritymeasuresmarketdisruptioninvestigation;Accordingtothe1994NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement(NAFTA),bilateralsecuritymeasurestoinvestigatetheimplementationofAct302;andasurveyconductedinaccordancewithsection22oftheagriculturalAdjustmentAct.
MembersaccordingtothefactsrecordedintherelevantlegalrequirementsandeachsurveytosurveyintoEldamageadecisiononitsviewintoEldamagesurveyannounced.Andsubjecttojudicialreview.
Ineachinvestigation,theITCandinvestigationteam(includinganoversightinvestigatorofaninvestigator,anaccountantorauditor.Aneconomist,abusinessanalystandalawyer)producedacompletethesurveyofthedomesticindustrycompetitivemarketconditionsreport.Committeemembersandtheresearchteamusingavarietyoffactgatheringtechniques,including(butarenotlimitedto)industry-specificquestionnaires,telephoneinterviews,factoryvisits,technicalandmarketexpertsadvice,statementsbytheparties,thepublichearing,andtoreviewtheindustryandmarketliterature.
Ineachsurvey,thesurveyteamtocollectandanalyzeawiderangeofdata,thenanobjectiveandcomprehensivereportsubmittedtotheITC.Thedatainthereportinclude(butarenotlimitedto)industryproductioncapacity,actualproduction,capacityutilization,domesticElgoods,stocks,imports,theUnitedStatesandforeignsupplierbytheshareofU.S.marketshare,laborconditions,workinghours,productivity,wages,paidtotalcompensation,unitlaborcost,pricing,distributionchannels,andrelatedindustriesintheUnitedStatesfinancialdata.Someforeignproductionofrelatedproductsindustrydatacollectionandanalysis.
ITCmembersandofficialsoftheU.S.DepartmentofCommerce,theU.S.customsservice,surveyclientsandtheirlawyers,thepersoninchargeoftheU.S.productioncompany,importer,productbuyerssuchasworkingtogetherinthecourseoftheinvestigationintoEldamage.Inaddition,membersofCongressoftenthroughthehearingparticipatingdamagetotheirviewsandperspectivestothesurveyreport.In2003.MembersofCongressontheimportationmattersrelatedtotheinvestigationofldamageappeared51timesintheITC.
Second,theanti-dumping/countervailingdutyinvestigationsandfive-year(sunset)review:
1930underChapterVIIoftheTariffActoftheU.S.industryintheU.S.marketatlessthanfairvalueinto13sales(dumping)orbenefitfromforeigngovernmentsubsidies(subsidies)torequesttheGovernmentforrelief.Dumpingandsubsidiesareconsideredtobeunfairtradepractices.
Underthelaw,theU.S.DepartmentofCommercedecidedtodumporsubsidiesexist,ifitexists,theamountofdumpingandsubsidies.ITCdecidedtodumpingorsubsidiesforimportedproductsistheU.S.industrytocausesubstantialdamageorsubstantialdamagetothethreat.Ifthetwobodiesontheirrespectiveproblemshavetogiveapositivefinalruling,theCommerceDepartmentwilldumpreleasedthecommandofanti-dumpingdutyorderorsubsidiescountervailingduties.InthefiveyearsafterthepromulgationoftheCommerceDepartmentshouldcanceltheanti-dumpingorcountervailingdutyimposedorder.Orterminationofthemoratorium,unlesstheCommerceDepartmentthattheeliminationoftariffsimposedorderorterminationofthemoratoriumcouldleadtothecontinuationorresumptionofdumpingorsubsidies.ITCatthesametimethattheeliminationoftariffsimposedorderorterminationofdumpingorsubsidiestosuspendtheagreementinthereasonablyforeseeableperiodoftimeislikelytocontinueorstartagain.
In2003.41underChapterVIIoftherequestisputforward.Mostofwhicharedumping(41,35).Theserequestsincludeawiderangeofproducts,Suchasmalleableironpipefittings,memory,memorymodule,refinedbrownaluminumoxide,ceramicradiocylindricalinsulator,prestressedcementWireRope,fluorescentpalerustinhibitors,watermagneticcut-outs,Colortelevisionreceivers,Wax/resintransferzone,Ethyleneretailbag,Trahydrofurfurylalcohol,Hotcoathanger,Electrolyticmanganesedioxide,Transparentrectangulartube.ITChasalsocompleteda2002'cases.
Third,theglobalsecuritymeasuressurvey:
Accordingtothe1974TradeAct201,importedproductscauseseriousharmorseriousthreatofinjury,thedomesticindustrycanbebroughttotheITCtoreduceimports.
201didnotliketheanti-dumping/countervailingdutyprovisionsoftheTariffAct,astherequirementstoidentifytheexistenceofunfairtradebehavior.IftheITC201investigation,apositivedecision,itwillrecommendtothePresidenttoreduceimportstocompensateforthedamage,easytoadjustthedomesticindustryagainstimportcompetition.The