初二英语下册知识点识记.docx
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初二英语下册知识点识记
Unit1E-pals
Lesson1知识点识记
1.paln.伙伴,朋友可数名词(pals)
v.结成好友(palled,palling)palwithsb.
2.e-paln.网友(e-pals)ane-pal
3.dearadj.亲爱的
adj.贵的(同义词)expensive(反义词)cheap
dear也可作感叹词,表示“啊,天哪,哎呀”。
注:
dear指本身并不见得贵,但与同类物品的价格相比而显得“贵”;expensive指虽物有所值,但超出购买者支付能力的“贵”。
4.e-mailn.电子邮件(e-mails/ane-mail)(electronicmail,E-mail,Email,email)
v.“给……发电子邮件”。
5.sendv.寄,送(sends,sending,sent,sent)(反义词)receive.
sendsbsth=sendsthtosb送某人某物
sendsbtodosth派某人做某事(动作尚未发生)
sendsb(sth)doing使得……(动作已经发生的)
sendfor…派人去叫;sendup发射,往上送;sendin提交,发送
sendamessage捎信;sendgoods发货;sendmails发邮件
6.hearabout听说(听到关于某人或某事的消息)
hearof听说(只是听说知道而已,直接指其对象)
hearfrom收到……的来信
7.write(wrote,written)写write…to…=writetosb.给……写信
Writealettertosb.=writetosb.aletter
8.be/comefrom……来自于……..
9.say说,强调“说”的内容,后面不能用人做宾语。
speak说,做及物动词时,宾语是语言或词语之类的词,做不及物动词,意思是“说话”,会议正式发言用speak,speaktosb.同某人说话。
talk漫谈,讨论talkto/withsb.同某人交谈talkaboutsth.谈论某事
tell告诉,讲述tellsb.sth.告诉某人某事tellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事
tellsb.nottodosth.告诉某人不做某事
10.wantsth.想要某物
Wanttodosth.想要做某事
wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事
11.That’sright是这样的That’snice!
那很好!
I’mhappy我很快乐!
12.too也用于肯定句,在句末,且前面用逗号隔开。
also也用于肯定句,在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后,行为动词之前。
aswell也放在句尾,同also、too可做同义句转换
either也用于否定句,只放在句末,且前面用逗号隔开。
本课短语识记:
hearabout得知,听说writeane-mailtosb.给某人写一封电子邮件talktosb.和某人交谈
be/comefrom来自于mynewAmeriane-pal我的美国新网友sendsb.ane-card给某人发一封电子贺卡
语法专项
(一)
定语从句:
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的句子,定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。
定语从句作定语一般放在先行词的后面,引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词或关系副词。
关系代词:
that,which,who,whom,whose.关系副词:
when,where,why.
that指人、物,在句中充当主语,表语,以及宾语,作宾语时可省略。
who指人,在从句中充当主语。
which指物,在从句中充当主语,以及宾语,作介宾时不可省略,动宾可省略。
whom指人,在从句中充当宾语,充当动宾可省略,介宾不可省略。
whose意为“…….的”,指人或物,所有格用法。
注:
1、先行词为one,ones,anyone,those指代人时,关系代词只能用who,不能用that.
例句分析:
1、Themanwhoissmokingismyfather.
2、Thisisthepenthatheboughtyesterday.
一、单项选择()1.–Dad,I’mwritingane-pal____mye-pal.–Oh,theonewhoisfromChina?
A.withB.aboutC.to
()2.Timhasalready____aboutLiuChang’sfriend.
A.sawB.heardC.smelt
()3.–Isthatthegirl____likesplayingtheflute?
-Yes,sheis.
A.whomB.whichC.who
()4.Timistalkingtosomeone____iswritingane-mail.
A.thatB.whichC.who
()5.–Didyouhear____yourbrotherwholivesinNewYork?
-Yes,Ireceivedittwodaysago.
A.toB.aboutC.from
()6.I____hisillness.
A.hearofB.hearaboutC.hearfrom
()7.Theteachers____smilingareourteachers.
A.thatB.whichC.who
()8.YaoMingisoneoftheplayerwho____basketballverywell.
A.playsB.playC.playing
()9.Jack,thereissomeoneintheoffice____wouldliketospeakwithyou.
A.thatB.whomC.who
()10.Iamveryhappytoday,because____e-palsent____e-mailtome.
A.an,aB.a,anC.an,an
三、句型转换按要求进行转换,每空一词
1.Theboylikesscience.HecomesfromAustralia.(改为定语从句)
Theboy________likesscience________fromAustralia.
2.He’swritingalettertohisfriend.(变为同义句)
He’swriting________________friend.
3.Ialwayssendherane-cardonChristmasDay.(对划线部分提问)
Ialways________ane-card________heronChristmasDay.
4.Heturnedontheradio.Helistenedtotheweatherreport.(改为定语从句)
Heturnedontheradio________________totheweatherreport.
Unit1E-pals
Lesson2知识点识记
1.textbookn.课本,教科书(textbooks)
2.joinv.参加,加入(某党派,团体等组织)。
jointhearmy/theParty/theLeague参军/入党/入团
joinsb加入某人的群体,成为其中的一员
joinin参加,加入(某项活动)=takepartin
3.each
(1)adj.,“每个,各个”作单数可数名词的定语。
Eachchild
(2)pron.,各自,每个。
eachof…每一个/eachother互相
作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。
Eachofthem
4.travelv.旅行(travels,travelled,travelled)traveler/traveller旅行者、游客
traveltosp.去某地旅行travelaroundsp.环游某地
n.旅行(travels)近义词(trip/journey)
journey通常指在陆地上由一地到另一地的旅行,也指旅行的路程。
trip是非正式用语,通常指段距离旅行。
5.termn.学期(terms)
this/last/next/term本学期/上学期/下学期
thefist/thesecond/ourfist/oursecond
第一/第二/我们的第一/我们的第二学期
6.someonepron某个人,有人(somebody);someone“某一个”
7.seemv.看起来像
seem+形容词/名词
seemlike好像…..
seem+todo/be…好像……
Itseems+that从句
8.Californian.加利福尼亚(美国的州名)Calif.(缩)
Californianadj加利福尼亚州的;加利福尼亚州人的
n.加利福尼亚州人
9.makefriends交朋友makefriendswith…与……交朋友
10.interestv.感兴趣have/take/showan/greatinterestin对……(很)感兴趣
have/take/shownointerestin对……不感兴趣
n.兴趣”(不可数)aplaceofinterest风景名胜。
interestedadj.感兴趣的(more/themostinterested)
be/becomeinterestedin+n./pron./doing对某事感兴趣
interestingadj.有趣的,令人感兴趣的(物/事)(more/themostinteresting)
beinterestingtosb.对某人来说很有兴趣
11.sandwichn.三明治。
(sandwiches)
acheesesandwich乳酪三明治/makeasandwich做三明治/achickensandwich鸡肉三明治/
ahamsandwich火腿三明治/ajamsandwich果酱三明治。
12.behappytodosth.很高兴做某事
13.hopetodosth.希望做某事
本课短语识记:
oursecondschoolterm我们的第二学期thenewschoolterm新学期thefirstdayof第一天
jointheEnglishclub加入英语俱乐部joinourclass加入我们班travelaroundThailand环游泰国
traveltoChina旅行到中国inMarch在三月gettoknow了解seemill好像病了inclass在班级
speakabout说出来allofmyclassmates我所有的同学Let’seachhaveone让我们一人一个
eachofus我们每个人lotsof许多lastyear去年
随堂习题:
一、单项选择()1.Thereare2sandwiches.Let’s____haveone.
A.everyB.eachC.both
()2.Each____intheshopisinterestingtoher.
A.toyB.toysC.toies
()3.–Iseverybodyinterestedinyou?
-Yes,____ofthemare.
A.bothB.allC.neither
()4.Iamfifteenandinmysecondyear____middleschool.
A.inB.onC.of
()5.Theboyisnew.Let’s____friendswithhim.
A.takeB.doC.make
()6.Eachofus____anewtextbook.
A.hasB.haveC.had
()7.Sheseemed____becausesheboughtanewcoat.
A.happyB.happinessC.happily
()8.Theyseem____thegamesoon.
A.towinB.winningC.win
()9.Ihope____agoodtimeinthatplace.
A.haveB.havingC.tohave
()10.Shewill____Thailand.
A.traveltoB.travelaroundC.bothAandB
二、词形转换用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Ihaveafriendwho__________toFrancelastyear.(travel)
2.Ourfirstschoolterm__________inSeptember.(start)
3.Lucysawlotsofplacesthatareinour__________.(textbook)
4.Iwashappy__________myoldclassmatesinclass.(see)
5.Theoldwomanseemed__________veryill.(be)
三、词汇辨析使用所给的同义词或词组的适当形式填空
(join/takepartin)1.He__________thearmyin1949.
2.Wealways__________themeeting.
3.Wearegoingtovisittheflowershowtomorrow.Willyou__________us?
4.Thechildren__________theEnglishEveningandhadagoodtime.
(interest/interesting/interested)
1.Thestoryis_______tome.
2.Tomshowedgreat_______inmusicwhenhewasyoung.
3.Hehasno_______inreadingthe_______stories.4.Weareso_______inChina.
Unit1E-pals
Lesson3知识点识记
1.e-cardn.电子贺卡(ane-card/e-cards)
2.happenv.发生(指事情的发生,往往带有“偶然”或“未能预见”的意思)
happento+名词/代词,发生在……上
happentodo/be碰巧做某事,同义词takeplace(指事先布置或策划好而后发生,没有“偶然”的意味)
Ithappens/happenedthat….“碰巧……,恰好……”
3.practicev..(practise英)practicedoingsth.练习做……
practicesth.withsb.和某人练习…..
4.kick….tothesea把…..踢到海里
5.givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.给某人某物
本课短语识记:
theonefromCanada来自加拿大的那一个getane-pal得到一个网友practice…with和….练习abungeejumper蹦极者getalotofsnow有许多雪flyanairplane驾驶飞机havemeatinthem有肉在里面
Lesson4知识点识记
1.Europen.欧洲
Europeanadj.(不用比较等级),“欧洲的,欧洲人,欧洲人的”
East(ern)Europe东欧,West(ern)Europe西欧。
2.guitarn.吉他,六弦琴(guitars)guitarist吉他手playtheguitar
playbasketball/soccer/football/baseball/volleyball/tabletennis打/踢篮球/足球/棒球/网球/乒乓球
playthepiano/violin/flute弹钢琴/拉小提琴/吹笛子
3.That’sright.那是对的That’sallright.没关系Allright!
好的!
4.thinkof
(1)想起;
(2)考虑
thinkabout考虑(=thinkof)
thinkover再三考虑
5.It’sone’sturn!
该轮到某人啦!
本课短语识记:
playtheflute吹笛子hearaboutyoure-pal听说你的网友thegirlwholikessnowboarding喜欢滑雪的女孩
cut…into把…..切成..liketoswim喜欢游泳tellmeaboutthatperson告诉我那个人likesports喜欢运动thinkofsomeone想起某人tellmesomethingabouther告诉我她的一些事liveinQingdao住在青岛tryagain再试一次It’syourturn!
轮到你啦fromEurope/Germany/China来自欧洲、德国、中国
随堂习题:
一、单项选择1.Acaraccident_______theoldmanlastnight.
A.washappenedB.happenedtoC.happensto
2.Maryhatesplaying_______football,butshelikesplaying_______piano.
A.the,theB./,/C./,the
3.Myclassmatetoldmesomething_______hispenpal.
A.inB.onC.about
4.Manyvisitors_______Harbineveryyear.
A.visittoB.visitC.travel
5.Healready_______tothesouthofChina.
A.visittoB.visitC.travel
语法专项
(二)
一、关系代词的用法
关系代词
指人
指物
主语
宾语
that
√
√
√
√
which
×
√
√
√
who
√
×
√
√
whom
√
×
×
√
先行词和关系词的关系
Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
themachine=that
TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.
theboy=who关系代词实际上是先行词的复指
Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.
theboy’s=whose
关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格
1.Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.
2.TheladyisGreen.Wesawheryesterday.
3.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.
4.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.
5.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.
6.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.
7.Idon’tlikethepeople.Theysmokealot.
8.Theteacherpraisedthestudent.HisEnglishisthebestinourclass.
9.Thehouseismine.Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.
关系副词和先行词的关系
IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.
ontheday=when
ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.
inthehouse=where
Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.
forthereasons=why
TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.
intheschool=where
关系副词实际上是介词+先行词
注;1、who指人,在句中作主语或宾语,whom做宾语,如连接代词前有介词时,只能用whom.
2.whose是代词的所有格,它通常情况下指人
3.关系代词在从句中做主语时,从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数由先行词决定
4.只能用that做关系代词的情况
(1)当先行词是不定代词时,如:
All,few,little,much,every,something,anything,everything等。
(2)当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,修饰时。
(3)当先行词被little,few,no,any等修饰时
(4)当人和物合做先行词时
(5)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时