高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破专题15瞻前顾后 阅读理解之词义猜测与细节理解93.docx

高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破专题15瞻前顾后 阅读理解之词义猜测与细节理解93.docx

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高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破专题15瞻前顾后阅读理解之词义猜测与细节理解93

专题15瞻前顾后　阅读理解之词义猜测与细节理解

【2018年考纲解读】

词义猜测题着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分（尤其是该词或短语前后的句子）进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。

考查范围涉及单词意义理解、短语意义理解、句子意义理解或代词指代对象的确定等。

【题型示例】

题型一词义猜测

【题型特点】词义猜测题常见设问方式

1．

（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninthe...?

（2）Theword“...”probablyrefersto...

其中均含有wordorunderlinedword。

2．

（1）Theterm/sentencein...canbereplacedby...

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase/sentencemeaninthelastparagraph?

【方法技巧】“一原则”、“二关注”速解词义猜测题

一原则

结合上下文

词义猜测题所提问的单词、词组或句子一般都是考生不认识的，即使认识，正确答案也未必是熟悉的含义。

这种题目目的就是希望考生能结合上下文，来理解不认识的单词、词组或句子。

二关注

关注并列转折部分

这是做词义猜测题的一大利器。

因为由并列转折连接的两部分会存在语义含义和成分的对应。

所以如果有一个单词不认识，就可以在与其并列或转折部分的信息中找对应信息。

关注解释说明部分

分析试题可以发现，其实出题者在出一些词义猜测题的时候也是动了恻隐之心的。

会在晦涩难懂的信息附近存在一个解释说明部分，解释说明部分的标志有逗号、冒号、破折号、双引号等。

CapitalCityBikeTourInWashington,D.C.

Duration:

3hours

MorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocal

slookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.Knowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemost,interestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute（路线）makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.

WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour

Duration:

3hours（7miles）

JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyourbikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.

21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?

A.CherryBlossomlikeTourinWashington,D.C.

B.WashingtoncapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.

C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.

22.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?

A.Meetfamouspeople.B.Gotoanationalpark.

C.Visitwell-knownmuseums.D.Enjoyinterestingstories.

23.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?

A.Citymaps.B.Cameras.

C.MealsD.Safetylights

【答案】21.A22.D23.D

【解析】本文是一篇广告应用文。

文章介绍了骑自行车到Washington,D.C.旅游的四中路线的相关行程及注意事项。

23.细节理解题。

根据文章WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour中的Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.可知，所有骑行者都要装备反光背心和安全手电筒。

故选D。

B

GoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.

InSaveMoney:

GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’sleantintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmeal

sforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.

"WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"sheexplains."Ipay£5foraportion（一份）,butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves."

Theeight-partseries（系列节自）,SaveMoney:

GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:

GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.

Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.

24.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?

【变式探究】【2018·江苏】请认真阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并

在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt

1000FifthAvenueNewYork,NY10028

211-535-7710www.metmuseum.org

Entrances

FifthAvenueat82ndStreet

Hours

Open7daysaweek.

Sunday-Thursday10:

00-17:

30

FridayandSaturday10:

00-21:

00

ClosedThanksgivingDay,December25,January1,andthefirstMondayinMay.

Admission

$25.00recommendedforadults,$12.00recommendedforstudents,includestheMainBuildingandTheCloisters（回廊）onthesameday;freeforchildrenunder12withanadult.

FreewithAdmission

Allspecialexhibitions,aswellasfilms,lectures,guidedtours,concerts,gallerytalks,and

family/children'sprogramsarefreewithadmission.

Askabouttoday'sactivitiesattheGreatHallInformationDesk.

TheCloistersMuseumandGardens

TheCloistersmuseumandgardensisabranchofTheMetropolitanMuseumofArtdevotedtotheartandarchitectureofEuropeintheMiddleAges.Theextensive

collectionconsistsofmasterworksinsculpture,coloredglass,andpreciousobjectsfromEuropedatingfromaboutthe9thtothe15thcentury.

Hours:

Open7daysaweek.

March-October10:

00-17:

15

November-February10:

00-16:

45

ClosedThanksgivingDay,December25,andJanuary1.

56.Howmuchmaytheypayifan11-year-oldgirlandherworkingparentsvisitthemuseum?

A.$12.B.$37.C.$50.D.$62

57.TheattractionoftheCloistersmuseumandgardensliesinthefactthat________.

A.itopensalltheyearround

B.itscollectionsdatefromtheMiddleAges

C.ithasamodernEuropean-stylegarden

D.itsellsexcellentEuropeanglasscollections

【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了英国艺术博物馆和修道院博物馆的参观指南，包括参观时间、价格、特点等。

56.C细节理解题。

根据Admission部分和FreewithAdmission部分，根据“$25.00recommendedforadults”可知，成人25美元每人；根据“Allspecialexhibitions,aswellasfilms,lectures,guidedtours,concerts,gallerytalks,andfamily/children’sprogramsarefreewithadmission”可知，带孩子的家庭中孩子免费，故C父母及他们11岁的女儿总计付50美元，故选C项。

B

Inthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted（享有）aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsomme.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup,Roze'schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordinin

gout,whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.

Today,scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Take

visualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat:

dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta（意大利面食）whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone,customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.

Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness,theycouldn'ttellhowmuchthey'dhad:

thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,butwerenonethewiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.

Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-foodplaces.finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewayto

encouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:

putonsomeMozart（莫扎特）.When

classical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.

Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:

dinerswhogotthescentoflavender（薰衣草）stayedlonger

andspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.

Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—"bad"tables,crowding.

highprices—don'tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor,say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot"beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad'tables,"giventhatthey'reprofitable.Asforcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant'sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffet'spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.

58.Theunderlinedphrase"nonethewiser"inparagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthe

customerswere.

A.notawareofeatingmorethanusual

B.notwillingtosharefoodwithothers

C.notconsciousofthefoodquality

D.notfondofthefoodprovided

59.Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?

A.playingclassicalmusic.

B.Introducinglemonscent.

C.Makingthelightbrighter,

D.Usingplatesoflargersize.

60.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?

A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.

B.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.

C.Waystoimproverestaurants'reputation.

D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.

【答案】58.A59.A

60.D

【解析】本文为议论文。

本文介绍了现代餐馆刺激消费和食欲的几种方法，以及人们对餐厅的一些错误看法。

59.细节理解题。

根据第四段中的Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:

putonsomeMozart（莫扎特）可知，要想让客人呆的时间更长应该播放莫扎特等古典音乐而不是流行音乐。

Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:

dinerswhogotthescentoflavender（薰衣草）stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.引入薰衣草香而不是柠檬香，而D项文章没有提及，所以用排除方法可以选A。

60.主旨大意题。

根据文章最后一段第一句Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—"bad"tables,crowding，highprices—don'tnecessarily.可知，你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如：

不好的桌子，拥挤以及高价等不一定会真影响人们的消费，然后依次举例进行了证明，所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解，故选D。

上面临的巨大压力。

故B正确。

67.细节理解题。

根据文章第九段childrencomparedthemselvestoothersonlineinawaythatwas"hugelydamagingintermsoftheirself-identity,intermsoftheirconfidence,butalsointermsoftheirabilitytodevelopthemselves".可知，孩子在网上与其他人比较损害他们的自尊心，自信心以及自我发展的能力。

故B正确。

68.推理判断题。

根据文章第12段However,theresearch—involvingeightgroupsof32childrenaged8to12—suggestedthatastheyheadedtowardtheirteens,theybecameincreasinglyanxiousonline.可知，随着孩子年龄的增长，他们开始渴望上网，再根据13段Bythetimetheystartedsecondaryschool—atage11—childrenwerealreadyfarmoreawareoftheirimageonlineandfeltunderhugep