高考英语之纠错笔记专题11阅读理解附答案.docx

高考英语之纠错笔记专题11阅读理解附答案.docx

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高考英语之纠错笔记专题11阅读理解附答案

专题11阅读理解

易错点1只见树木不见森林，误把细节当主题

（2019·新课标全国卷II）MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach’sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?

Noneofyourbusiness!

LunchisBechtel’s＂me＂time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she’snotalone.

Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf（53percent）havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf（46percent）havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore，74percent，accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.

＂Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone，buttogether，youknow？

＂Bechtelsaid，lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel，whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach，haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes，butlikemanyofus，toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.＂Today，Ijustwantedsometimetomyself，＂shesaid.

Justtwoseatsover，AndrewMazoleny，alocalvideographer，isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction（交流）.＂Ireflectonhowmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,＂hesaid.＂It'sachanceforself-reflection,Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.＂

Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone，butthosedaysareover.Now，wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.＂Itdoesn'tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology,＂saidLaurieDemerit，whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.

31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.

B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.

C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.

D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.

【错因分析】一篇文章都是围绕着一个中心思想或一个话题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。

抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。

通读全文可知，文章主通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多。

文章第一段通过MarianBechtel独自用餐的例子引出话题，第二段介绍这份调查结果的数据，第三段和第四段举例说明，第四段回归话题，说明人们选择独自用餐的原因

【试题解析】本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选A。

【参考答案】A

近几年的高考阅读理解越来越倾向于从语篇的角度考查能力，考生在做题时也要相应地转变为整体思维，要从整体把握文章的大意，不可过于纠缠细节。

利用文章的细节内容进行干扰是命题人常采用的干扰方式，考生千万不可被其迷惑。

遇到主旨大意题或是标题归纳题，切忌只见树木，不见森林。

SallyDawlyisawomanfromAuburn,California.Overthelastthreeandahalfyears,theanti-litteringwomanhasspentmostofherfreetimepickingupcigarettebutts（烟头）fromthestreetsofherhomecity.

Calledthe＂ButtLady＂byherlocalcommunity,DawlybeganhermissiontoridthestreetsofhercityofcigarettebuttsinOctober,2014.Thewomanlookedforcigarettebutts,pickedthemupandthrewtheminthetrash.Tokeepacountofhowmanybuttsshepicksup,theButtLadyhasbeenusingatablet,andearlierthismonth,shehitahistoricmilestone—onemillioncigarettebutts.

＂Igottiredofgoingonmywalksandseeingcigarettebuttseverywhere,＂SallyDawlysaid.＂I’mjustshockedthatIhadtopickupsomany.I’veeverpickedup3,000buttsinoneday,＂shesaid.＂Don’tthrowawayyourbutts;betteryet,stopsmoking.＂

Withsomanycigarettebuttslitteringthestreets,canoneperson’seffortsreallymakeadifference?

Surprisingly,theanswerseemstobeyes.SoonaftertheButtLadyofAuburnstartedhermissionandwordofhereffortsspread,cigarettecansstartedappearingaroundbarsandrestaurantsinthecity.Membersofthelocalcommunityevencameouttocheerheronassheapproachedherone-million-buttmilestone.

Sallyknowshercity’scigarettebuttlitteringproblemwon’tbesolvedanytimesoon,butshehopesherworkwillinspirepeopletoatleastthinktwicebeforedroppingcigarettebuttsinthestreets.Shehasdecidedtocontinuecleaningupafterirresponsiblesmokers,andalreadyhasanewmilestoneinhersights—twomillioncigarettebutts.

WordoftheButtLady’seffortstokeepthestreetscigarettebutt-freehasreachedneighboringcommunitiesaswell,andCBSSacramentoreportsthatothercitieshavestartedseekingherhelpaswell.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.California’s＂ButtLady＂.B.Fightingagainstsmoking.

C.Californianshealthproblems.D.SmokingproblemsinCalifornia.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。

众所周知，吸烟有害健康，有时候让人更加烦恼的是随处可见的烟头。

在美国加利福尼亚有这样一位＂烟头女士＂（她利用业余时间捡拾烟头，并在最近捡到了第100万个烟头！

）。

【解析】主旨大意题。

本文讲了来自加利福尼亚州的一位女士在业余时间捡起了一百万个烟头，并且获得了＂烟头女士＂的称号的故事，故A项最恰当。

【答案】A

易错点2主观臆断，忽视逻辑

Readingcanbeasocialactivity.Thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups.Theychoosebookstoreadandthenmeettodiscussthem.Now,thewebsiteBookCturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.

Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace,hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit.

BrucePederson,themanagingdirectorofBookCrossing,says,＂Thetwothingsthatchangeyourlifearethepeopleyoumeetandbooksyouread.BookCrossingcombinesboth.＂

Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeeshops.Whoeverfindstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.

Peoplewhofindabookcanalsoleaveajournalentrydescribingwhattheythoughtofit.E-mailsarethensenttotheBookCrosserstokeepthemupdatedaboutwheretheirbookshavebeenfound.BrucePedersonsaystheideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.

BookCrossingispartofatrendamongpeoplewhowanttogetbacktothe＂real＂andnotthevirtual（虚拟）.Thesitenowhasmorethanonemillionmembersinmorethanonehundredthirty-fivecountries.

29.Whydoestheauthormentionbookgroupsinthefirstparagraph?

A.Toexplainwhattheyare.

B.TointroduceBookCrossing.

C.Tostresstheimportanceofreading.

【错因分析】考生容易做错的原因是忽视本题上下文的逻辑关系和所涉及的相关信息，单一地、孤立地分析某句内容从而不能全面总结。

【试题解析】本文属于说明文，介绍了BookC所进行的分享图书活动的目的以及具体过程。

本题是目的意图题。

作者在第一段中提出读书也是一种社交活动，那些参加读书小组的人经常在一起阅读讨论所读内容，增强相互之间的理解。

接着在最后一句提出BookC,说明作者提到读书小组的目的正是为了介绍网站BookC。

故B正确。

【参考答案】B

回归原文，重视逻辑

考生做阅读理解题的唯一依据就是文章，所有的判断都应围绕文章进行。

每篇文章都是完整的语篇，上下文之间的逻辑关系非常紧密。

在做此类题时，考生需要通过上下文之间的逻辑关系揣测作者所要表达的真正意图。

（2019﹒天津卷·D）WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?

Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning，andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives，hedeterminestowriteabook.

Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes，andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:

whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays，whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?

We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.

Mostofus，infact，progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolean,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.

Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus-anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.

Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos（自我）,whethertolovedones，tofellowhumans，towork，ortosomemoralconcept.

Manyofusequate（视……等同于）＂commitment＂withsuch＂caring＂occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore-maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They'velearnedlife'smostvaluablelesson.

55.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.

B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.

C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.

D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.

【文章大意】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。

【解析】推理判断题。

本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。

【答案】A

易错点3信息错位，忽视题干

CarriKesslerandherhusbandWillnamedtheirdaughterOttilieafterafriendfromtheU.K.,whohelpedthemalot.However,rightaftertheirbabygirlwasborn,thecouplenoticedabigproblem.＂Noonecouldrememberhernameandnoonecouldpronounceit.We’regoingtokeephavingtointroduceher!

＂KesslertoldT.

ThesituationthengrewworseasKessler’sgrandmotheradmittedtostickingPost-itnotesaroundthehousetohelpremindherofOttilie’snamewhichcanbepronouncedeitherOtt-ill-eeorOh-teel-ya.ThreemonthsafterOttiliewasborn,theKesslersdecidedtolegallychangetheirdaughter’sname.Thecouplecameupwithtwopossiblenames.TheythensettledonMargotaftertalkingtoanameexpert.

TheKesslers’situation