四级真题于详解.docx
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四级真题于详解
2012四级真题与详解
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PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofShouldWeGiveGiftstoTeachersonTeachers’Day?
.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.
1.有人赞成在教师节给老师送礼
2.有人则表示反对
3.我认为…
ShouldWeGiveGiftstoTeachersonTeachers’Day?
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PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
TakingCareofParentsAlsoMeansTakingCareofFinances
DeniseEgebrechtneededabreak.
Ithadbeenthreeyearssinceher86-year-oldmother,EleanorSchwartz,movedinwithherandherhusbandintheirhomeinJohnsburg,Ill.Mrs.SchwartzhasAlzheimer’sdisease(老年痴呆症)andhastroublemovingaround,soMrs.Egebrechthelpshermotherwithhershowereachday,makessureshe’sfedandtakesheronsmallexcursions(远足)tothemallinaportablewheelchair.Theroutineincludesoccasionallyremindinghermotherofwhatdayitisandwhereshe’sliving.
Mrs.Egebrechtdoesallthiswhilealsoraisingher8-year-olddaughterJaquelineandjugglingafull-timejob.
“Mymomtookcareofmeallofmylife,”saysMrs.Egebrecht.“OfcourseI’mgoingtotakecareofhernow.She’lllivehereaslongasshe’sable.”
Butmoneywasanissue.Foratime,Mrs.Egebrechtwasoutofwork,havinglostherjoblastyear.Althoughherhusbandwasstillemployed,withouthersalaryshefounditincreasinglydifficulttopay$180aweekfortheadultdaycarecenterMrs.Schwartzattendsregularly.
Then,throughtheFamilyAllianceofficeinhertown,Mrs.Egebrechtheardabouta$1,000“respitecare(临时看护)”grantsponsoredbytheAlzheimer’sFoundationofAmerica(AFA).
Intendedtogiveprimarycaregiversthebreaktheysooftenneed,thegrantmoneymustbeusedtopayfortemporarysubstitutecare,saidCarolSteinberg,executivevicepresidentoftheAlzheimer’sFoundation.Mrs.Egebrechtappliedforandreceivedthegrant,whichmeanthermothercouldcontinuetogototheadultdaycarecenterandMrs.Egebrechthadtimetofindanotherjob,whichshehas.
Mrs.EgebrechtisoneofthegrowingnumbersofAmericansfacingthefinancialsqueezethatcancomefromcaringforelderlyparents.
About30percentofadultchildrenintheUnitedStatescontributefinanciallytotheirparents’care,accordingtothePewResearchCenter.Onaveragethesechildrenpay$2,400ayearoneverythingfromuncoveredmedicalexpensestomakingsuretherefrigeratorisstockedeachweek.Themoneyoftengoestoparentswhodiligentlysavedalltheirlives,butinthefaceoflongerlifespansandchronicillness,thesavingsjustisn’tenough.
Withalloftheoverwhelmingemotionalandmedicalaspectsofcaringforelderlyparents,it’snaturaltoignoretheconsequencesofspendinglargeamountsofmoneyonthem.Butsooftenadultchildrenendupignoringtheirownsavingsandretirementaccountsor,worse,gointodebt,becausethey’retakingcareoftheirparents,saysTimCasserly,alawyerinAlbanywhospecializesinissuesofelderlycare.
Andifyoujeopardize(损害)yourownfinancesnow,youriskputtingyourchildreninthesametoughspotdowntheline.
Onewayoutofthisbind?
Takefulladvantageofthehundredsofgovernmentandnonprofitprogramsandservicesgearedtotheelderlythroughoutthecountry.“There’slotsofhelpoutthere,butalsolotsofreasonswhyfamiliesdon’tuseit,”saidMr.Casserly.
Somepeoplemaythinktheirparentshavetoomuchmoneytoqualifyeventhoughmanyoftheprogramsareavailabletoelderlypeoplewithincomesofmorethan$100,000.Ortheparentsmaybetooproudtoaccepthelp.
What’smore,theseservicescanbedifficultandtime-consumingtofind.Anditcanbeachallengetodealwiththepaperworkandredtape,especiallywhenyou’realreadyoverwhelmedbythedailydemandsoftakingcareofanolderparent.
Tohelpmakethesearchforhelpeasier,hereisexpertadviceandseveralresourcesthatwillhelpyoufindwhatyouneedtotakecareofyouragingparents.
THEFIRSTSTEP
Havethehardtalk.
“SooftenIseeclientswhoareinthemiddleofthissituationbutknowverylittleabouttheirparents’finances,”saidHenniFisher,aBrooklynclinicalsocialworkerwhospecializesingeriatrics(老人病学).Yourparentsmaybeunwillingorunabletogivedetails.Oryoumaybeuncomfortablebringingupthesubject.
“Itisn’teasymakingthetransitionfromtheonebeingcaredfortotheonegivingthecare,”saidMs.Fisher.
Butyoucan’tputtheconversationoffanylonger.Reassureyourparentsthatyou’renottryingtotakecontrolawayfromthem.You’resimplytryingtomakesurethattheyhaveeverythingtheyneedandthatyouunderstandeverythingtheywant.
Duringthisconversation,orseriesofconversations,besuretoaskaboutoneofthelargestexpensesforolderpeople:
assistedlivingornursinghomefacilities.Doyourparentshavelong-termcareinsurancethatcanhelpwiththisexceptionallygreatexpense?
Iftheydon’t,shouldtheygetit?
(Formoreinformation,seeourpreviousarticle“GettingInsuranceforOne’sFrailestYears.”)
THEDOCUMENTS
You’llalsowanttomakesureyourparentshavetheproperpaperworkinplace.Inanemergency,you’llneedlegalauthoritytoactonyourparentsbehalf.Makesureyourparentshavesignedadurablepowerofattorneyauthorizingyouorsomeothertrustworthypersontotakeoverfinancialdecisions—includingsigningchecksandpayingbills—ontheirbehalf.
Andkeepinmindtheseothernecessarydocuments:
Adurablepowerofattorneyforhealthcare(alsocalledahealthcareproxy)authorizingsomeonetomakemedicaldecisionswhenyourparentscannot;andalivingwilloutliningyourparent’swishesiflifesupportisneeded.
Theseformsmaybeavailableatyourlocalseniorcenter.Or,alawyerwhofocusesonelderlyissuescananswerquestionsandhelpputthispaperworkinplace.Tofindonenearyou,gototheNationalAcademyofElderLawAttorneys(www.naela.org).(IfyouliveinNewYorkStateyoumayneedalawyer’shelpsortingoutanew12-pagecomplexpowerofattorneyform,advisesMr.Casserly.)
HIRINGANOUTSIDER
Manyfamiliesfindreliefwhentheyhireageriatriccaremanager.Theseconsultants,whichcancostanywherefrom$50to$200anhour,willassessyourparents’situation,offercounselingandhelpyoufindthelocalservicesyouneed.
SovitalarethesenewprofessionalsthatmycolleagueLesleyAldermanwillbedevotingnextweek’sPatientMoneycolumntotipsonfindingtherightcaremanagerforyourparents’situation.
1.Intherecentthreeyears,DeniseEgebrechthasbeenbusy.
A)lookingafterhersickbabydaughterB)helpingherhusbandwiththehousework
C)takingcareofhersickelderlymotherD)lookingforabetterjobtosupportthefamily
2.AccordingtoCarolSteinberg,executivevicepresidentofAFA,Mrs.Egebrechtcanusethegrantto.
A)havealuxuriousholidayB)getdaycareforhermother
C)financeherjob-seekingD)curehermother’sdisease
3.WelearnfromthePewResearchCenterthatonethirdofAmericanadultchildren.
A)haveparentswithnosavingsandpensions
B)ignoretheemotionalneedsoftheirparents
C)can’taffordthedailyandmedicalexpenses
D)spendtheirownmoneyontheirparents’care
4.WhatoftenhappenstoadultchildrentakingcareoftheirparentsaccordingtoTimCasserly?
A)Theydon’tprepareenoughfortheirownfuture.
B)Theyattachgreatimportancetotheirownsavings.
C)Theyinevitablyignoretheirchildren’sneeds.
D)Theybecomeexpertsinissuesofelderlycare.
5.WhatdidMr.CasserlyimplyaboutmanyAmericanfamilies?
A)Theyhavesavedenoughsoastotakecareoftheelderly.
B)Theydon’tturntogovernmentandnonprofitprogramsandservices.
C)Theydon’ttrusttheprogramssupportedbythelocalgovernment.
D)Theyknownothingaboutprojectsandservicesfortheelderly.
6.WhatproblemdomanyadultchildrenhaveaccordingtoHenniFisher?
A)Theyareincapableoftakingovertheir