最新中考英语重点单词和短语用法大总结.docx

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最新中考英语重点单词和短语用法大总结

中考英语重点单词和短语用法大总结

1.cost/take/spend/pay花费

花费时间做某事:

Ittakessbsometimetodosth.=sbspendsometime(in)doingsth.=sbspendsometimeonsth.

某人花钱买某物:

sbspendsomemoneyonsth.=sbpaysomemoneyforsth.=sthcostsb.somemoney.

※spend和pay主语都是人,cost主语是物。

※spent还可以指“度过”→Howdidyouspendyourweekend?

Thesweater________me90yuan.=I_______90yuanforthesweater.=I_____90yuanonthesweater.

Hespentlotsofmoney________themobilephone.

It________her20minutestogohomeeveryday.=He________20minutes________homeeveryday.

2.thanksfor为…而感谢

⑴______invitingmetoyourbirthdayparty.

thanksto多亏/由于

⑵______yourhelp.Igotgoodgrades.

3.感叹句:

多么…what+名词

how+形容词/副词

⑴______badweather!

⑵______hardheworks!

⑶______freshvegetables!

⑷______cuteamonkeyitis!

4.因为、由于:

because(连词)+从句:

(表示原因)

becauseof(介词短语)+名词(短语)=thanksto

⑴Ididn’tgotoschool______Ihadaheadache.

Hewaslateforclass______thebadweather.

Hecan’tcome_____heisill.

Manypeoplehaveacold_____thecoldweather.

※because和so不能同时连用。

5.来自:

befrom=comefrom

⑴Whereareyoufrom?

=Where______you____________?

⑵HeisfromTibet.=He____________Tibet.

6.Howoften对频率提问(多久一次)→回答用表示频率的副词或短语

  Howlong对一段时间提问(多久)→回答用表示一段时间的状语

  Howsoon对将来时间提问(多久)→回答用in+时间段

  Howfar询问多长距离(多长)

  ⑴-______haveyoubeencollectingthekites?

-Fortenyears.

  ⑵-______doyougoshopping?

-Sometimes.

  ⑶-______willyourfathercomeback?

-Intwoyears.

  ⑷-_____doyouexercise?

-Onceaweek.

  ⑸-_____isitfromyourhometoschool?

-Abouttenmiles.

  ⑹-_____areyoustayingthere?

-Twoweeks.

7.乘交通工具:

takea/the+交通工具在句中作谓语

by+交通工具=ona交通工具在句中作方式状语

交通工具有:

train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane...

⑴Hetakesabustobank。

=Hegoestobankbybus。

=Hegoestobankonabus.

⑵Iwalktoschool.=Igotoschool______.

※骑自行车、马或驴用ride:

rideone’sbike/rideahorse/rideadonkeyinone’scar

8.对不起:

Excuseme(劳驾,客套话)

Sorry(表示道歉)

⑴______.WhereisTianfuSquareinChengdu?

⑵–Wouldyoumindcleaningyourroom?

-______.I’lldoitrightaway.

⑶-Don’teatinclass。

-_____。

MsClark.

⑷_____,isthisthewaytothestation?

9.声音:

sound(自然界各种声音)

noise(噪音)

voice(悦耳的声音:

嗓子)

⑴Lucyhasasweet______.⑵That______likeagoodidea.

⑶Don’tmake______.Thebabyissleeping.

10.looklike(外貌看起来像…)

belike(性格像…)

⑴Lily__________Lucy。

Oh,theyaretwins.

⑵Tony____________amonkeybecauseheiscuteandplayful.

11.take…to…带去

bring…to…带来

fetch没有方向性(强调来回)

⑴Tony。

______theballhere。

Please.

⑵Myfatheroften______me______concertsonSundays.

⑶______yourhomework_____schooltomorrow.

12.一些:

some用于肯定句

any用于否定句和疑问句

⑴I’dlike______milk.

⑵–Wouldyoulike______yogurt?

_Thanks.Idon’twant______.

※在一般疑问句中,认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到对方肯定回答时,也用some。

13.多少:

Howmany修饰可数名词复数

Howmuch修饰不可数名词

⑴______juicedoyouwant?

⑵______applesdoyouwant?

⑶-______istheT-shirt?

–It’s30yuan。

※Howmuch可对价钱提问:

Howmucharethepotatoes?

14.看:

see强调看的结果

look(at)不及物动词,强调看的动作

watch观看:

比赛、电视、表演、电影

read读,朗读:

看书、看报、看信、看杂志

⑴Don’t______inbed.

⑵Wewill______abasketballgamethisevening.

⑶Please______theblackboard.Everyone.

⑷I______abirdinthetreeyesterday.

※OnSaturdaynight.Isawaninterestingtalkshow.

OnSaturdayevening.severalkidswatchedamovie.watchamovie=gotoamovie

15.stopdoingsth停止做某事→Pleasestoptalking

stoptodosth停下来去做别的事

⑴Thegirlsoonstopped______(cry).

⑵Hewastiredandstopped______(have)arest.

16.forget/remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作:

forget/remembertodosth(忘记/记得去做某事)→Heforgottoturnoffthelight.(没有做关灯的动作)Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.

orget/remember后接ving表示已发生的动作:

△forget/rememberdoingsth(忘记/记得做过某事)→Heforgotturningoffthelight。

(已做过关灯的动作)

Don’tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?

17.到达…reach+地点

getto+地点reach=getto

arrive+in+大地点

arrive+at+小地点

⑴HereachedLondonyesterday.=He______toLondonyesterday.=He______inLondonyesterday.

⑵Shearrived______thebusstationjustnow.⑶Youshould______(get)homeontime.

※当getto和arriveat/in后接地点副词时,都不加介词。

如:

gethomegetthere省略to

18.擅长,在…方面做得好:

begoodat=dowellin

⑴Sheisgoodatchemistry.=She__________________chemistry.

⑵Niuniuisgoodat______theviolin.=Niuniu______wellin______theviolin.

⑶LucyandLilyaretwingirls.Lucyisbetter______dancingthanLily,butLily___________insingingthanLucy.

19.win(赢得)接agame、war、amatch、aprize

beat(打败、战胜)接运动员、球队、对手等。

⑴Whichteam______thefootballmatch?

⑵WangHao______MaLinand______thechampionoftheMen’sSingles.

20.借borrowsth.fromsb=borrowsb.sth向某人借某物→borrow借入

lendsth.tosb=lendsb.sth把某物借给某人→lend借出

keep延续性动词,与一段时间连用。

⑴Canyoulendmeyourbike?

=Canyou______yourbike______me?

⑵Youcanborrowsomemoney____yourbrother.=Youcanborrowyourbrother________.

⑶-HowlongcanI______thebook?

-Youcan_____itfortwoweeks.

※类似用法的还有:

buy—haveputon—wearbecome—be

leave—beawayfromopen—beopenbegin—beon

die—bedeadreturn—beback

①becomeHehas______adoctor.

Hehas______adoctorfor10years.

②beginThefilmhas______.

hefilmhas_________fortenminutes.

21.能,会。

beableto,can

※情态动词后面都接动词原形。

⑴Weshould______abletofinishtheworktomorrow.

⑵Ican______(play)theguitar。

⑶He______abletoplaychess.

22.toomany太多—修饰可数名词复数→Ihavetoomanyrulesinmyhouse.

toomuch太多—修饰不可数名词→Maybeyouhavetoomuchyin.

muchtoo太—后跟形容词或副词原级→Thiscoatismuchtooexpensive.

⑴Eating___________isbadforyourhealth.

⑵It’s____________coldtoday.You’dbetternotgoout.

⑶Thereare____________studentsinthehallways.It’sdangerous.

23.have/hasbeento去过某地→HehasbeentoBeijing.(现在不在北京)

have/hasgoneto去了某地→HehasgonetoBeijing.(现在可能在北京,或在去北京的途中)

have/hasbeenin/at在某地

⑴Ihaveever_____________Americatwice.

⑵Hehas____________Beijingfortenyears.

⑶–Whereisyourbrother?

-He____________toHainan.

⑷_____youever____________Disneyland?

24.usedtodosth.过去常做某事→Thisriverusedtobeveryclean.

be(get)usedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事→I’mnotusedtogettingupearly.

beusedtodosth=beusedfordoingsth.被用于做某事→Pensareusedforwriting.

⑴XiaoGang__________________afraidofthedark.

⑵Thebroomis____________cleantheroom.=Thebroomis____________cleaningtheroom.

⑶He__________________livingcountryside。

Thereisfreshairandsweetwell.

⑷Wood_______________makingpaper.

25.belongto+名词/人称代词宾格(属于)

be+名词所有格/名词性物主代词(是)

⑴Itmust______Ning’s.=Itmust_________Ning.

⑵Thepencilmustbe______(my).=Thepencilmustbelongto______(my).

⑶Thisball______tome.=Thisballis______.

26.can’t不可能0

表示推测、判断could/might也许、可能50﹪—80﹪

must肯定、一定100﹪

⑴TheCD_____belongtoTony.becausehelikeslisteningtomusic.

⑵Thenotebook______bemine.Ithasmynameonit.

⑶Thetoy______bemygrandpa.Afterall.Heisanoldman.

27.bemadefrom(由…制成)看不出原材料

bemadeof(由…制成)看得出原材料

⑴Thetable__________________wood.

⑵Paper__________________wood.

28.prefertodosth宁愿做某事

prefersth。

tosth。

喜欢…而不喜欢…

preferdoingsth。

todoingsth。

喜欢做…而不喜欢做…

⑴Iprefer______(swim)to______(play)balls.

⑵He_______fishtobeef.

⑶Ipreferto______(walk)towork.

29.一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词:

—ed修饰人

—ing修饰物

⑴Iwanttogosomewhere______(relaxing/relaxed).

⑵Sheis______inthis______historystory.(interesting/interested)

※interesting(有趣的)—interested(感兴趣的)tiring(累人的)—tired(累的,疲倦的)

boring(令人无聊的)—bored(无聊的)exciting(令人兴奋的)—excited(激动的)

surprising(令人惊讶的)—surprised(惊讶的)

relaxing(令人放松的)—relaxed(放松的)

embarrassing(令人尴尬的;令人为难的)—embarrassed(尴尬的;为难的)

30.thenumberof+名词复数(…的数量)作主语,谓语用单数。

anumberof+名词复数(许多、一些)=many

⑴Thenumberofstudentsinourclass______80.

⑵______numberofstudentsareinHelinMiddleSchool.

31.for+一段时间

since+时间点/过去时的句子

⑴WehavebeenstudyingEnglish______threeyears.

⑵Hehasbeenstayinghere______hewasfiveyearsold.

⑶Wehaven’tseeneachother______tenyearsago.

※for和since可以相互转换。

如:

Jennyhasbeencollectingcoinsforseveralyears.=Jennyhasbeencollectingcoinssinceseveralyears______.

32.除…之外except(不包括在内)→EveryonecouldanswerthisquestionexceptJim.

besides(包括在内)→Therearethreegirlsbesidesme.

⑴Weallpassedtheexam______LiYang.

⑵Manyotherstudentslikebasketball______GuoXiaojun.

33.already用于肯定句中(已经)

yet用于疑问句末(已经)

用于否定句末(还)

⑴Haveyouseenthefilm______?

⑵Ihaven’tlockedthedoor______.

⑶Momhas_______wateredtheflowers.

34.否定祈使句Don’t+v.

No+v.ing/n.

⑴Don’tsmokehere.=____________here.⑵Don’ttakephotos.=____________.

35.也too放肯定句末和疑问句末→Doyouplaysoccereveryday,too?

either放否定句末

also放肯定句中

※also放在实意动词前,be之后.

⑴Sheisagirl.Iamagirl,______.

⑵He______likescollectingthings.

⑶Lilydoesn’tlikejunkfood.Hergoodfrienddoesn’tlikeit,_______.

⑷-Ilikesoapoperas,–Ido,_____.

⑸-Ican’twatchTVonschoolnights,–Ican’t,_____.

36.bestrictwithsb.对某人要求严格

bestrictinsth.对某事要求严格

MissZhang_______________herworkandshe_______________herstudents.

37.需要做某事needtodosth主语是人

needdoingsth主语是物

⑴Theclassroom_____cleaning.It’stoodirty.

⑵Children_____tosleepalot.

⑶It’sveryhotanddry.Youneed______(wear)coolclothesandtheflowersneed______(water).

38.through→介词:

从内部穿过(

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