Model Test 5.docx

Model Test 5.docx

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ModelTest5

ModelTestFive

PartⅠWriting（30minutes）

Directions：

Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledAreWeTooDependentonTechnology.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow：

1.科技的发展给我们的生活带来了极大的方便

2.有人认为我们现在太依赖于科技

3.你的观点

注意：

在实考中，此部分试题在答题卡1上。

AreWeTooDependentonTechnology

PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions：

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1～7,markY（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions8～10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

TheHydrogenEconomyIfthepredictionsaretrue,overthenextseveraldecadeswewillallbegintoseeanamazingshiftawayfromthefossilfueleconomywehavetodaytowardamuchcleanerhydrogenfuture.Cansocietyactuallymakethisshift,orwillthetechnological,economicandpoliticalbarrierskeepusboundtopetroleumandotherfossilfuelsforthenextcenturyandbeyond.Inthisarticle,youwillexplainthebenefitsofahydrogeneconomy,alongwithitspotentialproblems.

ProblemswiththefossilfueleconomyThewholeeconomy,andinfactthewholeofwesternsociety，currentlydependsonfossilfuels.However,therearefourbigproblemsthatfossilfuelscreate:

Airpollution—Whencarsburngasoline,theywouldideallyburnitperfectlyandcreatenothingbutcarbondioxideandwaterintheirexhaust.Itisbadenoughnowthat,inthesummer,manycitieshavedangerouslevelsofozoneintheair.Environmentalpollution—Theprocessoftransportingandstoringoilhasabigimpactontheenvironmentwheneversomethinggoeswrong.Anoilspill,pipelineexplosionorwellfirecancreateahugemess.TheExxonValdezspillisthebestknownexampleoftheproblem,butminorspillshappenconstantly.Globalwarming—Whenyouburnagallonofgasinyourcar,youemitabout5pounds（2.3kg）ofcarbonintotheatmosphere.Thecarbondioxidecomingoutofeverycar’stailpipeisagreenhousegasthatisslowlyraisingthetemperatureoftheplanet.Theultimateeffectsareunknown,butitisastrongpossibilitythat,eventually,therewillbedramaticclimatechangesthataffecteveryoneontheplanet.Forexample,iftheicecapsmelt,sealevelwillrisesignificantly,floodinganddestroyingallcoastalcitiesinexistencetoday.Dependence—TheUnitedStates,andmostothercountries,cannotproduceenoughoiltomeetdemand,sotheyimportitfromoilrichcountries.Thatcreatesaneconomicdependence.WhenMiddleEastoilproducersdecidetoraisethepriceofoil，therestoftheworldhaslittlechoicebuttopaythehigherprice.

AdvantagesofthehydrogeneconomyThehydrogeneconomypromisestoeliminatealloftheproblemsthatthefossilfueleconomycreates.Therefore,theadvantagesofthehydrogeneconomyinclude：

1.Theeliminationofpollutioncausedbyfossilfuels—Whenhydrogenisusedinafuelcelltocreatepower,itisacompletelycleantechnology.Theonlybyproductiswater.Therearealsonoenvironmentaldangerslikeoilspillstoworryaboutwithhydrogen.2.Theeliminationofgreenhousegases—Ifthehydrogencomesfromtheelectrolysisofwater,thenhydrogenaddsnogreenhousegasestotheenvironment.Thereisaperfectcycle—electrolysisproduceshydrogenfromwater,andthehydrogenrecombineswithoxygentocreatewaterandpowerinafuelcell.3.Theeliminationofeconomicdependence—TheeliminationofoilmeansnodependenceontheMiddleEastanditsoilreserves.4.Distributedproduction—Hydrogencanbeproducedanywherethatyouhaveelectricityandwater.Peoplecanevenproduceitintheirhomeswithrelativelysimpletechnology.

WheredoesthehydrogencomefromInthehydrogeneconomy,thereisnostorehousetotapinto.Wehavetoactuallycreatetheenergyinrealtime.Therearetwopossiblesourcesforthehydrogen:

Electrolysisofwater—Usingelectricity,itiseasytosplitwatermoleculestocreatepurehydrogenandoxygen.Onebigadvantageofthisprocessisthatyoucandoitanywhere.Forexample,youcouldhaveaboxinyourgarageproducinghydrogenfromtapwater,andyoucouldfuelyourcarwiththathydrogen.Reformingfossilfuels—Oilandnaturalgascontainhydrocarbons—moleculesconsistingofhydrogenandcarbon.Usingadevicecalledafuelprocessororareformer,youcansplitthehydrogenoffthecarboninahydrocarbonrelativelyeasilyandthenusethehydrogen.Youdiscardtheleftovercarbontotheatmosphereascarbondioxide.Thesecondoptionis,ofcourse,doesn’tsolveeitherthegreenhousegasproblem（becausethereisstillcarbongoingintotheatmosphere）orthedependenceproblem（youstillneedoil）.However,itmaybeagoodtemporarysteptotakeduringthetransitiontothehydrogeneconomy.Theinterestingthingaboutthefirstoptionisthatitisthecoreoftherealhydrogeneconomy.Tohaveapurehydrogeneconomy,thehydrogenmustbederivedfromrenewablesourcesratherthanfossilfuelssothatwestopreleasingcarbonintotheatmosphere.Havingenoughelectricitytoseparatehydrogenfromwater,andgeneratingthatelectricitywithoutusingfossilfuels，willbethebiggestchangethatweseeincreatingthehydrogeneconomy.

StorageandtransportationofthehydrogenAtthismoment,theproblemwithputtingpurehydrogenvehiclesontheroadisthestorage/transportationproblem.Hydrogenisabulkygas,anditisnotnearlyaseasytoworkwithasgasoline.Compressingthegasrequiresenergy,andcompressedhydrogencontainsfarlessenergythanthesamevolumeofgasoline.However,solutionstothehydrogenstorageproblemaresurfacing.Oncethestorageproblemissolvedandstandardized,thenanetworkofhydrogenstationsandthetransportationinfrastructurewillhavetodeveloparoundit.Themainbarriertothismightbethetechnologicalsortingoutprocess.Stationswillnotdevelopquicklyuntilthereisastoragetechnologythatclearlydominatesthemarketplace.Theremightalsobeatechnologicalbreakthroughthatcouldrapidlychangetheplayingfield.Forexample,ifsomeonecoulddevelopaninexpensiverechargeablebatterywithhighcapacityandaquickrechargetime,electriccarswouldnotneedfuelcellsandtherewouldbenoneedforhydrogenontheroad.Carswouldrechargeusingelectricitydirectly.

Prospectsforthefuturemovingtoapurehydrogeneconomywillbeharder.Thepowergeneratingplantswillhavetoswitchovertorenewablesourcesofenergy,andthemarketplacewillhavetoagreeonwaystostoreandtransporthydrogen.Thesehurdleswilllikelycausethetransitiontothehydrogeneconomytobearatherlongprocess.

1.Theauthortendstobelievethattheburningofgasolinecontributestothedangerouslevelsofozoneintheair.

2.TheExxonValdezoilspillhappenedoffthecoastofAlaskaisanenvironmentaldisaster.

3.Theultimateeffectsofglobalwarminghavebeenclearlyandconvincinglyprojectedbyscientists.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theproductionofhydrogeninvolvesrelativelysimpletechnology.

5.Hydrogenisconsideredasacleansourceofenergy,becausetheproductionofhydrogenproducesinsignificantamountsofcarbondioxide.

6.Electrolysisofwatermeanstosplitwatermoleculestocreatepurehydrogenandoxygenusingelectricity.

7.Afuelprocessororareformercanextracthydrogenfromoilandnaturalgascontaininghydrocarbons，producingwaterastheonlybyproduct.

8.Toachieveapurehydrogeneconomy,thehydrogenmustbeobtainedfrom______ratherthanfossilfuels.

9.Assuggestedinthepassage,theproblemof________mustbesolvedbeforehydrogencanbewidelyused,usheringinthehydrogeneconomy.

10.Accordingtothepassage,hydrogeneconomymaynothappenifaninexpensiverechargeablebatteryisdevelopedwith_________and__________.

PartⅢListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionADirections:

Inthissection，youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation，oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause，youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

11.A）He’drathernotgotothelecture.B）Hedoesn’tmindifthewomangoestothelecture.

C）Hewantstohearthelecture.D）Hehasheardthelecturebefore.

12.A）Payseveralbills.B）Phonetheelectriccompany.

C）Paylessrent.D）Makefewertelephonecalls.

13.A）He’ssurethenewchefisbetter.B）Hewonderswhetherthenewchefisanimprovement.

C）Hehopesthenewchefwillstaylongerthantheoldonedid.

D）He’sgoingtoseethenewcheftonight.

14.A）Katiedoesn’toftendance.B）Katieisn’tthepersondancing.

C）Katiedoesindeeddancewell.D）Katiedancesbetterthanherfriend.

15.A）Themanshouldbuyadifferentmealticketeachmonth.

B）Individualseatdifferentamounts.

C）Buyingthemealticketwon’tsavethemanmoney.

D）Thepriceofamealvariesfrommonthtomonth.

16.A）Theapplicationisn’tavailableattheoffice.B）Thewomanshouldmailacopyofherapplication.

C）Thephotocopymachineisn’tthereanymore.D）Thewomancanmakecopiesatthepostoffice.

17.A）Shedoesn’tliketheprofessorverymuch.B）Shedoubtsclasswillbecanceled.

C）Shedoesn’twantt