学年新素养导学英语课件讲义 精练 118.docx
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学年新素养导学英语课件讲义精练118
PeriodFourGrammar—The-edform&Pasttensetimeexpressions
感知以下课文原句,完成方框下的小题
1.Weategreatmealscookedbyexperts!
2.Wesawabandonedfarmswhichwerebuiltmorethanahundredyearsago.
3.Formanyyears,trainedcamelscarriedfoodandothersupplies,andreturnedwithwoolandotherproducts.
4.RecentlyIhadmyfirstrideonalong-distancetrain.
5.Onenight,ataboutmidnight,Iwatchedthenightskyforaboutanhour.
6.Alongtimeago,Australiansneededawaytotraveltothemiddleofthecountry.
7.TheAfghansandtheircamelsdidthisuntilthe1920s.
8.In1925,theypassedalawwhichallowedpeopletoshoottheanimalsiftheywereaproblem.
1.句1,2,3中的加黑部分为过去分词作定语。
2.句4,5,6,7,8的时态为一般过去时。
一、过去分词作定语
过去分词有两个显著的特点,即:
从时间上讲,表示动作已经完成;从语态上讲,表示被动的概念。
但是,如果是不及物动词的过去分词形式,则只表示时间上的过去,而没有被动意义。
1.过去分词作定语的位置
(1)单个过去分词及由过去分词构成的复合形容词作定语时,通常置于被修饰词之前,如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时,即使一个单一的分词作形容词用,也要放在被修饰词的后面。
如:
aretiredworker一位退休的工人
thegivenquestion给定的问题
qualifiedteachers合格的教师
everybodyinvited所有被邀请的人
注意:
leave的过去分词left表示“剩余的,剩下的”时,置于被修饰词之后。
如:
Ihaveonlyonecoinleft.
我只剩下一枚硬币了。
(2)过去分词短语作定语要后置,放在被修饰词之后。
如:
thelanguagesusedinGermany在德国使用的语言
thebookwritteninsimpleEnglish用浅显的英语写成的书
2.过去分词短语作定语,相当于一个定语从句,但它比定语从句更简短。
过去分词短语作后置定语时,如果和中心词之间有逗号,则可以将其转换成非限制性定语从句;若无逗号,则可以将其转换成限制性定语从句。
Iwanttotakeawaythebookshowntomeyesterday.
=Iwanttotakeawaythebookwhichwasshowntomeyesterday.
我想带走(你)昨天给我看的那本书。
TheOlympicGames,firstheldin776BC,didnotincludewomencompetitorsuntil1912.
=TheOlympicGames,whichwerefirstheldin776BC,didnotincludewomencompetitorsuntil1912.
于公元前776年首次举办的奥运会直到1912年才允许女运动员参赛。
3.表示情感的动词的过去分词
有些表示情感或心理状态的过去分词已经完全形容词化,常见的这类过去分词有:
disappointed(失望的),moved(感动的),interested(感兴趣的),surprised(感到惊讶的),shocked(震惊的,震撼的),puzzled(迷惑不解的),frightened(受惊吓的)等。
如:
afrightenedgirl一个受惊吓的女孩。
4.不及物动词的过去分词
一些不及物动词也有过去分词形式,由于不及物动词不可以直接跟宾语,所以不及物动词的过去分词作定语时只表示动作的完成,而没有被动意义。
如:
newly-arrivedpassengers刚到的旅客
fallenleaves落叶
5.过去分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成复合形容词作定语
Thenewly-builthotelwasburntinthefire.
新建的宾馆在火灾中被烧掉了。
二、用于一般过去时的时间状语
1.一般过去时表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作时,常与always,usually,often,sometimes,never等时间状语连用。
WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.儿时,我经常在街上踢足球。
Ialwaysgotuplate,andneverhadenoughtimeforbreakfast.
我总是起床很晚,从来没有足够的时间吃早饭。
2.一般过去时表示在过去某一具体的时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态时,常用的时间状语有amomentago,justnow,yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in+年代,lastyear,inthe+朝代等。
Wheredidyougoyesterday?
你昨天去哪里了?
3.一般过去时也可与today,thisweek,intheolddays,during,when引导的时间状语从句,recently,until,“since+时间点”等时间状语连用。
Isawhimtoday.我今天见过他。
Duringhismiddleschoolyears,heoftenwentinforcompetitions.他在中学时代经常参加竞赛。
Theyrecentlymovedintoanewhouse.
最近他们搬进了新居。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Truetoagorilla’sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimalmeant(mean)menorealharm.Hewasjustsaying:
“I’mkingofthisforest,andhereisyourreminder!
”(2018·全国Ⅲ)
2.ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,whichwas(be)bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDickens’statusasaleadingnovelist.(2017·江苏)
3.—Did(do)youcallthatcompanytoseehowtheythinkofourproductyesterday?
—Yes.Theyarehappywithit.(2017·北京)
4.Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I’dlikeyoutolookatastudyconducted(conduct)inAustraliain2012.(2016·浙江)
5.ItwasraininglightlywhenIarrived(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.(2015·全国Ⅰ)
6.—IsPetercoming?
—No,hechanged(change)hismindafteraphonecallatthelastminute.(2015·重庆)
7.Iwasn’tabletohidemyeagernesswhenIasked(ask),“Whatdoyouwishmetodonow?
”(2015·湖南)
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
8.Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttothecountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.I
abigchangethere.(2018·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)
9.Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders,butonceIstartedthecar,mymind
blank.(2017·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)
10.Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastaken,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschooland
anewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.(2017·全国Ⅲ,短文改错)
11.We
upearlyinthemorning.Dadcleanedthehouse,andthenwentshopping.
(2016·四川,短文改错)
12.Whilethey
,myfatherwouldliftmysisterandmeuptositonthetopofthefridge.(2016·浙江,短文改错)
13.WhenIwasachild,Ihopedtoliveinthecity.I
Iwouldbehappythere.
(2015·全国Ⅰ,短文改错)
14.AsI
youlasttime,Imadethreenewfriendshere.(2015·四川,短文改错)
15.Thismorningshe
barkingevenbefore5o’clock.(2014·辽宁,短文改错)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.—Don’tputthewasteontheground.
—Oh,I’mverysorry.Ididn’tsee(not,see)thedustbinthere.
2.Robertgave(give)mehisaddresstheotherday,butI’mafraidIhavelostit.
3.MrSmithcame(come)toseeyoujustnow.
4.Weoftenwent(go)outforawalkaftersupperwhenwelivedinthecountryside.
5.Thefirebroke(break)outduringthenight.
Ⅱ.完成句子
6.Thebookreferredtolasttimehasbeensoldout.
上次提到的那本书已经卖出去了。
7.Theresultsofthesurveyconductedlastweekareasfollows.上周进行的调查结果如下。
8.Americaisahighly-developedcountry.
美国是个高度发达的国家。
9.Shelistenedwithapuzzledexpressiononherface.
她脸上带着困惑的表情在倾听。
10.Thepollutedairisbadforourhealth.
污染的空气对我们的健康有害。
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Mostpeopleinvited(invite)tothepartywerefamousscientists.
2.Isaw(see)himyesterdayinthestreet.
3.Thisfamousnovelwritten(write)byMrSmithisworthreading.
4.Thequestiondiscussed(discuss)yesterdayisaboutpollution.
5.Islandisasmallpieceoflandsurrounded(surround)bywater.
6.Whensheheardthegoodnews,asatisfied(satisfy)smileappearedonherface.
7.IfeltverytiredwhenIgothome,andIwent(go)straighttobed.
8.Wehad(have)agoodtimelastSunday.
9.Theboyfollowed(follow)byadogwasrunningalongthestreet.
10.—Didyouenjoytheparty?
—Yes,weweretreated(treat)wellbyourhosts.
Ⅱ.翻译句子
11.上周末,简吃了一顿她外婆做的美餐。
Lastweekend,Janeateanicemeal(whichwas)cookedbyhergrandmother.
12.前天我们举行了一场篮球赛。
Weheldabasketballmatchthedaybeforeyesterday.
13.前几天,罗伯特去北京出差了。
RobertwenttoBeijingonbusinesstheotherday.
14.玛丽过去常常一周来拜访我一次。
Maryusedtopayavisitto/visitmeonceaweek.
15.当我还是个小男孩时,我常去那个公园玩。
WhenIwasaboy,Ioftenwenttoplayinthatpark.
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
AninternationalgroupofcoffeeexpertshasconsideredEthiopia’scoffeeasthebestintheworld.Coffeeisatopexport(出口物)ofthecountry.Butathome,itisseenasnationalpride.Ethiopiansfeelgoodabouttheircoffee,andenjoyingadrinkwithfriendsisalongtradition.
Somepeoplesaytheclimateproducesqualitybeans.MortonWennersgarrdisacoffeeimporter.Hesaid,“Ethiopiahasdifferentancienttypesofcoffee.Theyareplantedinplaceswithperfectsoil,perfectaltitude,andclimatesthatarereallysuitableforcoffeeprocessing.”
Findingthebestqualitybeansisoftenanissueoftaste.Theprocessisknownascupping—tastingandcomparingcoffeefromdifferentroastedbeans,gradingandthenpricingthem.Butbeforeinternationalexpertscometotaste,coffeebeansarestudiedinsmallcoffeelaboratories.HelenAssefa,alabtechnician,describestheprocess,“Whenthecoffeecomestothelab,weassess(评价)itsqualityfirstbyrecordingthedetails.Thenweweighthemoisture(水分)levelandweexaminethebeansforanalysis.Afterthatwegrind(磨碎)thecoffeebeansandtastethesamples.Intheendwecheckfordefective(有瑕疵的)beans.”MubarikAbaoliisalabworker.Hesaysthattestingisaverydifficultandlongprocess.“Weselectoutthedefectsbyhand.Andweselectoutthedefectaccordingtothedefecttypes.”
Ethiopiahasgotalotofmoneybyexportingcoffeetomorethan120countries.Thecountryhasanexportrevenue(税收)ofmorethan$840millionayear.ButnotallthebestcoffeeleavesEthiopia.Fortypercentofthecoffeegrowninthecountrystaysthere.Itremainsanimportantpartofeverydaylifeatwork,athomeandatceremonies.
16.Ethiopians’attitudetowardscoffeemaybestbedescribedas.
A.proudB.relaxed
C.braveD.doubtful
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据第一段最后两句“Butathome,itisseenasnationalpride.Ethiopiansfeelgoodabouttheircoffee...”可知,咖啡是让埃塞俄比亚人引以为傲的东西,故A项正确。
17.Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout.
A.thewaysofmakingcoffee
B.theprocessofassessingthecoffee
C.thetipsonplantingthebestcoffee
D.theinfluenceofthecoffee
答案 B
解析 段落大意题。
通读第三段内容可知,本段主要是介绍咖啡的评定过程,故B项正确。
18.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?
A.Morethan120countriesexportcoffeetoEthiopia.
B.CoffeeplaysanimportantroleinEthiopians’life.
C.40%ofthecoffeegrowninEthiopiaisexported.
D.Ethiopiansearntheirlivingbyexportingcoffee.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的“Itremainsanimportantpartofeverydaylifeatwork,athomeandatceremonies.”可知,咖啡在埃塞俄比亚人的工作、家庭及仪式等日常生活中有着重要的作用,故B项正确。
19.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
A.ToadvertisethecoffeeinEthiopia.
B.Tocommentoncoffeeexperts’work.
C.Tointroducethebestcoffeeintheworld.
D.TorecommendactivitiesinEthiopiatotourists.
答案 C
解析 写作目的题。
根据文章内容,特别是根据文章第一句话“AninternationalgroupofcoffeeexpertshasconsideredEthiopia’scoffeeasthebestintheworld.”可知,本文主要是介绍埃塞俄比亚的咖啡是世界上最好的咖啡,故C项正确。
Ⅳ.完形填空
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Ithadbeenatoughyearformyfamily.WhenMomwas23thegifts,shesighedandwarnedus,“Therewon’tbemuchforChristmasthisyear.Trynottobe24.”Inthepast,thepresentswouldpileupand25coverthelivingroomfloor.
OnChristmasmorning,weeagerlywaiteduntilDadtolduseverythingwas26.Werushedintotheliving