学年新素养导学英语课件讲义 精练 334.docx
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学年新素养导学英语课件讲义精练334
PeriodFive Grammar—Introductiontoattributiveclauses
感知以下句子,完成方框下的小题
1.IsatnexttoagirlwhosenamewasDiana.
2.IlovedthelessonsthatshegaveinEnglishLiterature.
3.Wehaveacarparkforbothourvisitorsandourstudentswhodrive.
4.TheboywhomwesawyesterdayisJohn’sbrother.
5.Wewatchedtheplay“Teahouse”whichwaswrittenbyLaoShe.
6.ThefilmwhichIwatchedyesterdayisverymoving.
7.Theteacherthatwemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.
1.句1中的黑体词在从句中作定语。
2.句2、4、6、7中的黑体词在从句中作宾语。
3.句3、5中的黑体词在从句中作主语。
一、定语从句的定义
在句子中起定语作用、修饰句中的某一名词或代词的从句为定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,可以代表人、物或者全句。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词,包括关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词:
who,whom,whose,which,that,as。
关系副词:
when,where,why。
关系代词和关系副词在从句中充当一个成分。
例如:
Thisisthebookthatmyfatherboughtmeyesterday.
这就是我父亲昨天给我买的那本书。
(thatmyfatherboughtmeyesterday是定语从句;thebook是先行词;关系代词that指代先行词thebook,在定语从句中作bought的宾语。
)
Thetimewhenhearrivesisunknown.
他到达的时间还不知道。
(whenhearrives是定语从句;thetime是先行词,关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。
)
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词代替先行词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1.指人的关系代词who,whom,whose,that的用法
(1)作主语(who,that)。
例如:
Themanwho/thatistalkingwithMrWangisafamousdoctor.
正在和王先生说话的那个人是一位有名的医生。
(2)作宾语(who,whom,that)。
此种情况下的关系代词可以省略。
例如:
Heistheman(who/whom/that)Isawyesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。
(3)作定语(whose)。
例如:
Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那个人的车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
2.指物的关系代词which,whose和that的用法
that既可指物又可指人,which指物,它们在从句中作主语或宾语;whose既可指物又可指人,在从句中作定语。
which和that在从句中作宾语时常可省略。
(1)作主语。
例如:
Themoneythat/whichisinthewalletismine.
这个钱包里的钱是我的。
(2)作宾语。
例如:
Thechair(which/that)youbrokeyesterdayisnowbeingrepaired.你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在修理。
(3)作定语(whose)。
例如:
Thehousewhoseroofneedsrepairingisonlythreeyearsold.(whoseroof=ofwhichtheroof/theroofofwhich)那座屋顶需要修理的房子才建了三年。
3.只用that,不用which的情况
(1)当先行词为all,anything,everything,nothing,much,little,few,none,theone等不定代词或被any,no,theonly,thevery(恰好的),little,few等词修饰时,只能用that。
但注意,先行词为something时,用that或which皆可。
例如:
Therearefewbooksthatyoucanreadinthisbookstore.这家书店几乎没有什么你可以读的书。
Heistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme.
他是唯一理解我的人。
Thisistheveryquestionthatcameupatthemeeting.
这正是开会时提出的问题。
Allthatshouldbedonehasbeendone.
该做的一切都做了。
HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMrLihassaid?
你记下李先生所说的一切了吗?
(2)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词的前面有序数词、形容词最高级修饰时,只能用that。
例如:
Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshownthisyear.
这是今年放映的最好的一部电影。
(3)当先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that。
例如:
Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?
你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗?
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词填空
1.Thegovernmentstartedasoiltestingprogramthat/whichgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
2.Manywesternerswho/thatcometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountries.(2018·浙江)
3.Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.
(2017·北京)
4.ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017·全国Ⅲ)
5.Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.(2016·北京)
6.Acompanywhoseprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.(2014·山东)
7.Amongthemanydangerswhich/thatsailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.
(2014·江西)
8.Pleasesendusalltheinformationthatyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.(2014·陕西)
9.Theexactyearwhich/thatAngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.(2014·安徽)
10.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthosewhoseliveswereaffected.
(2013·福建)
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1.Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,
isontherooftopoftheirhouse.(2017·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)
2.Aroundmeinthepicturearethethings
wereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:
carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.(2017·全国Ⅲ,短文改错)
3.Thedishes
或whatIcookedwereMom’sfavorite.(2016·四川,短文改错)
4.Third,weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusedinwashing,especiallybathwaterforwhichisquitealot,andthatwillsavemuchwater.(2012·大纲全国Ⅱ,短文改错)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Thisisthetownwhich/thatwevisitedlastyear.
2.Sheistheteacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.
3.ThisisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthatIhaveeverread.
4.Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.
5.Theyweretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheycouldrememberintheirformerschool.
6.Isthereanyoneinyourclasswhosefamilyisinthecountry?
7.“God,pleasedon’tletanythinghappentodaythatIcan’tdowith!
”themanbegged.
8.TheGreatWallistheplacewhich/thatalmostalltouristswouldliketovisitwhentheycometoBeijing.
9.MrZhaowhom/who/thatyoumetyesterdayismyfriend.
10.Nowadaysalmosteveryonepreferstouseamobilephonewhosefunctionsaremorepractical.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
11.Thereasonwhy或
sheexplainedatthemeetingforhercarelessnessinherworkseemedreasonable.
12.Idon’tliketheway
或which或
hespeakstohismother.
13.Aletterthat或
writteninpencilisdifficulttoread.
14.Theclassroom
doorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
15.Those
wanttogotothecomputerroomwillhavetochangetheirshoeshere.
基础巩固
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词填空
1.Thereisamountainwhosetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.
2.Isthisthecitythat/whichyouvisitedlastyear?
3.Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.
4.Thosewhohavegoodmannerswillbehighlyrespected.
5.Ihaveneverregrettedthedecisionthat/whichImadeyearsago.
6.Couldyoutellmethepersonfromwhomyouborrowedthisbook?
7.Amanwho/thatreallyknowshowtolearnwillalwaysbesuccessful.
8.Bodylanguageisthebestwaythathelpsyoucommunicatesmoothly.
9.Inthisfactory,Ifoundlittlethatwasdifferentfromours.
10.Youcantakeanyseatthatisnottaken.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
11.Thisisthelastplace
或whichIwanttovisit.
12.Boththegirlandherdog
werecrossingthestreetwerehitbyacomingcar.
13.Doyouknowtheprofessor
willgiveusaspeechnextweek?
14.Thesoldier
legswerebadlywoundedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay.
15.Those
wanttogopleasesignyournameshere.
Ⅲ.用定语从句合并下列句子
16.Thisisthebook.Iwanttoreadit.
Thisisthebook(that/which)Iwanttoread.
17.TheboyisTom.Theboyisstudyingintheclassroom.
Theboywho/thatisstudyingintheclassroomisTom.
18.Thisisthegirl.Imetthegirlinthestreet.
Thisisthegirl(who/whom/that)Imetinthestreet.
19.Ihavereadthebook.Ilikeitscharactersverymuch.
Ihavereadthebookwhosecharacters/thecharactersofwhich/ofwhichthecharactersIlikeverymuch.
20.Whoisthegirl?
Thegirlwaspraisedatthemeeting.
Whoisthegirlthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?
能力提升
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
Whataday!
Istartedatmynewschoolthismorningandhadthebesttime.Imadelotsofnewfriendsandreallylikedmyteachers.Iwasnervousthenightbefore,butIhadnoreasontobe.Everyonewassofriendlyandpolite.Theymademefeelatease.ItwaslikeI’dbeenattheschoolforahundredyears!
Thedaystartedveryearlyat7∶00am.Ihadmybreakfastdownstairswithmymom.ShecouldtellthatIwasverynervous.Momkeptaskingmewhatwaswrong.ShetoldmeIhadnothingtoworryaboutandthateveryonewasgoingtoloveme.Iftheydidn’tloveme,Momsaidtosendthemherwayforagoodtalkingto.Icouldn’tstoplaughing.
Mymomdroppedmeoffattheschoolgateaboutfiveminutesbeforethebell.Alittleblonde(金发的)girlgotdroppedoffatthesametimeandstartedwaving(招手)atme.SheranoverandtoldmehernamewasAbigail.Shewasveryniceandwebecameclosestraightaway.WespentallmorningtogetherandbegantotalktoanothergirlcalledStacey.Thethreeofussattogetherinclassalldayandweevenmadeourwayhometogether!
Itwentsoquickly.Ourteachertoldusthattomorrowwewouldreallystartlearninganddevelopingnewskills.
IcannotwaituntiltomorrowandfeelasthoughIamreallygoingtoenjoymytimeatmynewschool.Ionlyhopethatmynewfriendsfeelthesamewaytoo.
21.Howdidtheauthorfeelthenightbeforehernewschool?
A.Tired.B.Excited.
C.Worried.D.Relaxed.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据首段中的“Iwasnervousthenightbefore”可知,作者在开学前夕感到紧张不安。
22.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofhermother’sadvice?
A.Clear.B.Funny.
C.Reasonable.D.Excellent.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“Momsaidtosendthemherwayforagoodtalkingto.Icouldn’tstoplaughing.”可知,作者觉得妈妈说的话很好笑。
23.Whathappenedontheauthor’sfirstdayofschool?
A.Shemetmanynicepeople.
B.Shehadahurriedbreakfast.
C.Shelearnedsomenewskills.
D.Shearrivedatschoolveryearly.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。
根据首段中的“Imadelotsofnewfriendsandreallylikedmyteachers.”和“Everyonewassofriendlyandpolite.Theymademefeelatease.”以及下文作者详细介绍自己遇到的朋友可知,作者在开学第一天遇到了很多友好亲切的人。
24.WhatcanweinferaboutAbigail?
A.ShedislikedStacey.
B.Shewasshyandquiet.
C.Shegotonwellwiththeauthor.
D.Shewasanoldfriendoftheauthor.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。
根据倒数第二段中的“Shewasveryniceandwebecameclosestraightaway.Wespentallmorningtogether”和“weevenmadeourwayhometogether”可知,Abigail和作者相处得非常好。
B
Somepeoplelearnasecondlanguageeasily.Othershavetroublelearninganewlanguage.Howcanyouhelpyourselflearnanewlanguage,suchasEnglish?
ThereareseveralwaystomakelearningEnglishalittleeasierandmoreinteresting.
ThefirststepistofeelpositiveaboutlearningEnglish.Ifyoubelievethatyoucanlearn,youwilllearn.Bepatient.Youdonothavetounderstandeverythingallatonce.Itisnaturaltomakemistakeswhenyoulearnsomethingnew.Wecanlearnfromourmistakes.Inotherwords,donotworryabouttakingrisks(风险).
ThesecondstepistopracticeyourEnglish.Forexample,writeadiaryeveryda