学年新素养导学英语课件讲义 精练 334.docx

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学年新素养导学英语课件讲义 精练 334.docx

学年新素养导学英语课件讲义精练334

PeriodFive Grammar—Introductiontoattributiveclauses

感知以下句子,完成方框下的小题

1.IsatnexttoagirlwhosenamewasDiana.

2.IlovedthelessonsthatshegaveinEnglishLiterature.

3.Wehaveacarparkforbothourvisitorsandourstudentswhodrive.

4.TheboywhomwesawyesterdayisJohn’sbrother.

5.Wewatchedtheplay“Teahouse”whichwaswrittenbyLaoShe.

6.ThefilmwhichIwatchedyesterdayisverymoving.

7.Theteacherthatwemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.

1.句1中的黑体词在从句中作定语。

2.句2、4、6、7中的黑体词在从句中作宾语。

3.句3、5中的黑体词在从句中作主语。

一、定语从句的定义

在句子中起定语作用、修饰句中的某一名词或代词的从句为定语从句。

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,可以代表人、物或者全句。

引导定语从句的词叫关系词,包括关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词:

who,whom,whose,which,that,as。

关系副词:

when,where,why。

关系代词和关系副词在从句中充当一个成分。

例如:

Thisisthebookthatmyfatherboughtmeyesterday.

这就是我父亲昨天给我买的那本书。

(thatmyfatherboughtmeyesterday是定语从句;thebook是先行词;关系代词that指代先行词thebook,在定语从句中作bought的宾语。

Thetimewhenhearrivesisunknown.

他到达的时间还不知道。

(whenhearrives是定语从句;thetime是先行词,关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词代替先行词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1.指人的关系代词who,whom,whose,that的用法

(1)作主语(who,that)。

例如:

Themanwho/thatistalkingwithMrWangisafamousdoctor.

正在和王先生说话的那个人是一位有名的医生。

(2)作宾语(who,whom,that)。

此种情况下的关系代词可以省略。

例如:

Heistheman(who/whom/that)Isawyesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。

(3)作定语(whose)。

例如:

Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那个人的车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。

2.指物的关系代词which,whose和that的用法

that既可指物又可指人,which指物,它们在从句中作主语或宾语;whose既可指物又可指人,在从句中作定语。

which和that在从句中作宾语时常可省略。

(1)作主语。

例如:

Themoneythat/whichisinthewalletismine.

这个钱包里的钱是我的。

(2)作宾语。

例如:

Thechair(which/that)youbrokeyesterdayisnowbeingrepaired.你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在修理。

(3)作定语(whose)。

例如:

Thehousewhoseroofneedsrepairingisonlythreeyearsold.(whoseroof=ofwhichtheroof/theroofofwhich)那座屋顶需要修理的房子才建了三年。

3.只用that,不用which的情况

(1)当先行词为all,anything,everything,nothing,much,little,few,none,theone等不定代词或被any,no,theonly,thevery(恰好的),little,few等词修饰时,只能用that。

但注意,先行词为something时,用that或which皆可。

例如:

Therearefewbooksthatyoucanreadinthisbookstore.这家书店几乎没有什么你可以读的书。

Heistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme.

他是唯一理解我的人。

Thisistheveryquestionthatcameupatthemeeting.

这正是开会时提出的问题。

Allthatshouldbedonehasbeendone.

该做的一切都做了。

HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMrLihassaid?

你记下李先生所说的一切了吗?

(2)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词的前面有序数词、形容词最高级修饰时,只能用that。

例如:

Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshownthisyear.

这是今年放映的最好的一部电影。

(3)当先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that。

例如:

Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?

你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗?

Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词填空

1.Thegovernmentstartedasoiltestingprogramthat/whichgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers.(2018·全国Ⅱ)

2.Manywesternerswho/thatcometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountries.(2018·浙江)

3.Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.

(2017·北京)

4.ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017·全国Ⅲ)

5.Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.(2016·北京)

6.Acompanywhoseprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.(2014·山东)

7.Amongthemanydangerswhich/thatsailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.

(2014·江西)

8.Pleasesendusalltheinformationthatyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.(2014·陕西)

9.Theexactyearwhich/thatAngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.(2014·安徽)

10.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthosewhoseliveswereaffected.

(2013·福建)

Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)

1.Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,

isontherooftopoftheirhouse.(2017·全国Ⅱ,短文改错)

2.Aroundmeinthepicturearethethings

wereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:

carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.(2017·全国Ⅲ,短文改错)

3.Thedishes

或whatIcookedwereMom’sfavorite.(2016·四川,短文改错)

4.Third,weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusedinwashing,especiallybathwaterforwhichisquitealot,andthatwillsavemuchwater.(2012·大纲全国Ⅱ,短文改错)

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.Thisisthetownwhich/thatwevisitedlastyear.

2.Sheistheteacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.

3.ThisisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthatIhaveeverread.

4.Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.

5.Theyweretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheycouldrememberintheirformerschool.

6.Isthereanyoneinyourclasswhosefamilyisinthecountry?

7.“God,pleasedon’tletanythinghappentodaythatIcan’tdowith!

”themanbegged.

8.TheGreatWallistheplacewhich/thatalmostalltouristswouldliketovisitwhentheycometoBeijing.

9.MrZhaowhom/who/thatyoumetyesterdayismyfriend.

10.Nowadaysalmosteveryonepreferstouseamobilephonewhosefunctionsaremorepractical.

Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)

11.Thereasonwhy或

sheexplainedatthemeetingforhercarelessnessinherworkseemedreasonable.

12.Idon’tliketheway

或which或

hespeakstohismother.

13.Aletterthat或

writteninpencilisdifficulttoread.

14.Theclassroom

doorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

15.Those

wanttogotothecomputerroomwillhavetochangetheirshoeshere.

基础巩固

Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词填空

1.Thereisamountainwhosetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.

2.Isthisthecitythat/whichyouvisitedlastyear?

3.Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.

4.Thosewhohavegoodmannerswillbehighlyrespected.

5.Ihaveneverregrettedthedecisionthat/whichImadeyearsago.

6.Couldyoutellmethepersonfromwhomyouborrowedthisbook?

7.Amanwho/thatreallyknowshowtolearnwillalwaysbesuccessful.

8.Bodylanguageisthebestwaythathelpsyoucommunicatesmoothly.

9.Inthisfactory,Ifoundlittlethatwasdifferentfromours.

10.Youcantakeanyseatthatisnottaken.

Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)

11.Thisisthelastplace

或whichIwanttovisit.

12.Boththegirlandherdog

werecrossingthestreetwerehitbyacomingcar.

13.Doyouknowtheprofessor

willgiveusaspeechnextweek?

14.Thesoldier

legswerebadlywoundedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay.

15.Those

wanttogopleasesignyournameshere.

Ⅲ.用定语从句合并下列句子

16.Thisisthebook.Iwanttoreadit.

Thisisthebook(that/which)Iwanttoread.

17.TheboyisTom.Theboyisstudyingintheclassroom.

Theboywho/thatisstudyingintheclassroomisTom.

18.Thisisthegirl.Imetthegirlinthestreet.

Thisisthegirl(who/whom/that)Imetinthestreet.

19.Ihavereadthebook.Ilikeitscharactersverymuch.

Ihavereadthebookwhosecharacters/thecharactersofwhich/ofwhichthecharactersIlikeverymuch.

20.Whoisthegirl?

Thegirlwaspraisedatthemeeting.

Whoisthegirlthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?

能力提升

Ⅳ.阅读理解

A

Whataday!

Istartedatmynewschoolthismorningandhadthebesttime.Imadelotsofnewfriendsandreallylikedmyteachers.Iwasnervousthenightbefore,butIhadnoreasontobe.Everyonewassofriendlyandpolite.Theymademefeelatease.ItwaslikeI’dbeenattheschoolforahundredyears!

Thedaystartedveryearlyat7∶00am.Ihadmybreakfastdownstairswithmymom.ShecouldtellthatIwasverynervous.Momkeptaskingmewhatwaswrong.ShetoldmeIhadnothingtoworryaboutandthateveryonewasgoingtoloveme.Iftheydidn’tloveme,Momsaidtosendthemherwayforagoodtalkingto.Icouldn’tstoplaughing.

Mymomdroppedmeoffattheschoolgateaboutfiveminutesbeforethebell.Alittleblonde(金发的)girlgotdroppedoffatthesametimeandstartedwaving(招手)atme.SheranoverandtoldmehernamewasAbigail.Shewasveryniceandwebecameclosestraightaway.WespentallmorningtogetherandbegantotalktoanothergirlcalledStacey.Thethreeofussattogetherinclassalldayandweevenmadeourwayhometogether!

Itwentsoquickly.Ourteachertoldusthattomorrowwewouldreallystartlearninganddevelopingnewskills.

IcannotwaituntiltomorrowandfeelasthoughIamreallygoingtoenjoymytimeatmynewschool.Ionlyhopethatmynewfriendsfeelthesamewaytoo.

21.Howdidtheauthorfeelthenightbeforehernewschool?

A.Tired.B.Excited.

C.Worried.D.Relaxed.

答案 C

解析 细节理解题。

根据首段中的“Iwasnervousthenightbefore”可知,作者在开学前夕感到紧张不安。

22.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofhermother’sadvice?

A.Clear.B.Funny.

C.Reasonable.D.Excellent.

答案 B

解析 细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“Momsaidtosendthemherwayforagoodtalkingto.Icouldn’tstoplaughing.”可知,作者觉得妈妈说的话很好笑。

23.Whathappenedontheauthor’sfirstdayofschool?

A.Shemetmanynicepeople.

B.Shehadahurriedbreakfast.

C.Shelearnedsomenewskills.

D.Shearrivedatschoolveryearly.

答案 A

解析 推理判断题。

根据首段中的“Imadelotsofnewfriendsandreallylikedmyteachers.”和“Everyonewassofriendlyandpolite.Theymademefeelatease.”以及下文作者详细介绍自己遇到的朋友可知,作者在开学第一天遇到了很多友好亲切的人。

24.WhatcanweinferaboutAbigail?

A.ShedislikedStacey.

B.Shewasshyandquiet.

C.Shegotonwellwiththeauthor.

D.Shewasanoldfriendoftheauthor.

答案 C

解析 推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段中的“Shewasveryniceandwebecameclosestraightaway.Wespentallmorningtogether”和“weevenmadeourwayhometogether”可知,Abigail和作者相处得非常好。

B

Somepeoplelearnasecondlanguageeasily.Othershavetroublelearninganewlanguage.Howcanyouhelpyourselflearnanewlanguage,suchasEnglish?

ThereareseveralwaystomakelearningEnglishalittleeasierandmoreinteresting.

ThefirststepistofeelpositiveaboutlearningEnglish.Ifyoubelievethatyoucanlearn,youwilllearn.Bepatient.Youdonothavetounderstandeverythingallatonce.Itisnaturaltomakemistakeswhenyoulearnsomethingnew.Wecanlearnfromourmistakes.Inotherwords,donotworryabouttakingrisks(风险).

ThesecondstepistopracticeyourEnglish.Forexample,writeadiaryeveryda

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