人教版高中英语必修一Unit3知识点详解.docx
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人教版高中英语必修一Unit3知识点详解
人教版高中英语必修一Unit3知识点详解
Part1.Warmingup
1、Whichkindoftransportdoyouprefertouse:
busortrain?
prefer宁愿;更喜欢用法:
(1)prefer+n./pron.Theboypreferredadetectivestory.
(2)prefer+v.-ingDoyoupreferlivingabroad?
(3)prefer+todoShepreferstoliveamongtheworkingpeople.
(4)prefersb.todosth.Shepreferredhimtostayathome.
(5)prefer+n./pron./doing+to+n./pron./doing喜欢……而不喜欢
Ipreferthetowntothecountry.
Whilehewasintheofficehepreferreddoingsomethingtodoingnothing.
(6)prefertodo...ratherthando=wouldratherdo...thando...宁愿……而不愿
Iprefertowalkthereratherthangobybus.
(7)prefer+从句(谓语动词用shoulddo,should可省略)
Shepreferredthatheshoulddoitinthekitchen.
2.Imaginethatyouplantospendaholiday.
imagine的用法
▲构词:
①imaginationn.[C/U]想像,想像力,想像的事物②imaginativeadj.富有想像力的
▲搭配:
imaginesth/doingsth
Youcanimaginethesituationthere.
Ican’timagin(my)marryingagirlofthatsort.
【考例】IcanhardlyimaginePeter___acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.
A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed
[答案与解析]Cimagine后接动词的-ing形式,本句的Peter是这个动名词的逻辑主语。
Part2.Pre-reading,readingandcomprehending
1.Eversincemiddleschool,mysisterWangWeiandIhavedreamedabouttakingagreatbiketrip.从高中起,我姐姐王维和我就一直梦想做一次伟大的自行车旅行。
(1)eversinde从那以后
Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since+一般过去时(从句中的动作不能延续)自从……至今已经多久了。
eg:
It’sfiveyearssinceIleftthere.我离开那里有五年了。
注意:
在“It’s+一段时间+since从句”,如果since从句的谓语动词是延续性动词,那么,它所表示的时间是从那个动作结束时起算,意为“不做。
。
。
多久了”。
eg:
It’sfiveyearssincehesmoked.他戒烟五年了。
(2)dreamabout/of梦见,梦想
2、Thenshepersuademetobuyone.
(1)、说服;劝服;
sb说服某人
persuadesb.(not)todosth.
sb.into/outofdoingsth.
eg:
Ipersuadedhimtodoit.=Ipersuadedhimintodoingit.
(2)、使相信,使信服
persuadesbofsth使某人信服某事
persuadesbthat…使某人相信…
eg:
Hehaspersuadedmeofitstruth.
Iampersuadedthatsuchisthefact.
persuasiveadj.有说服力的persuasionn.说服,信服
【注意】如果“劝说”不服,不能直接用persuade,而应用trytopersuadesbtodo或advisesbtodo.
1.I__himnottosmoke,buthedidn’tthinkitnecessary.
A.persuadedB.advisedC.hopedD.suggested
2.Iwasableatlastto____mymothertofollowmyadvice.
A.suggestB.adviseC.persuadeD.leaveoff
3.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.
A.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadeD.bepersuaded
3.WangWeisoongottheminterestedincyclingtoo.(复习get用法,详见Unit1知识点详解)
4.ItwasmysisterwhofirsthadtheideatocyclealongtheentireMekongRiverfromwhereitbeginstowhereitends.首先想到沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。
(复习强调句,详见Unit1知识点详解)
5、Althoughshedidn’tknowthebestwayofgettinggettoplaces,sheinsistedthatsheorganizethetripproperly.
(1)、although,though引导让步状语从句不能再和but,and,however连用,但可以和副词yet,still连用。
although从句多放在句首,though从句可在主句前,中,后任何位置,而且though可以作副词用于句末,作“但是,不过”讲,而although无此用法。
Although/Thoughitwasraining,(yet)theystillworkedinthefields.
Hesaidhewouldcome;hedidn’tcomethough.
【随堂练习】
______hehaslimitedtechnicalknowledge,theoldworkerhasalotofexperience.
A.SinceB.UnlessC.AsD.Although
(2)、insistv.坚持认为,坚持主张
on/upon(one’s)doingsth坚持做,坚决做
that+从句“坚持一种说法、看法或事实”,后接的从句用陈述语气,按
insist需要选择时态
thatsb(should)dosth坚决主张做某事,后接的宾语从句常用虚拟语气,即“should+v.”
eg:
Iinsistedon/uponhiscomingwithus.
Heinsistedthathehadn’tstolenthegirl’shandbag.
Marywasill.Herparentsinsistedthatshe(should)seeadoctor.
【随堂练习】
ThedoctorinsistedthatIahighfeverandthatIarestforafewdays.
A.had;hadB.have;haveC.had;haveD.have;had
Themaninsistedataxiformeevenif/thoughItoldhimIlivednearby.
A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding
Iinsistedthatadoctor__immediately.
AhasbeensentforB.sentforC.willbesentforD.besentfor
ThedoctorinsistedthatIahighfeverandthatIarestforafewdays.A.had;hadB.have;haveC.had;haveD.have;had
Themaninsistedataxiformeevenif/thoughItoldhimIlivednearby.
A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding
6、Mysisterdoesn’tcareaboutdetails.
carevi.关心;介意n.关心;照顾
careabout(tobeworriedabout/concernedwith)忧虑;担心;惦念
carefor(=like,love)喜欢;照料;照顾(=takecareof=lookafter)
takecare小心;提防
派生:
carefuladj.细心的carefullyadv.细心地carefulnessn.细心carelesslyadv.粗心地carelessnessn.粗心carelessadj.粗心的
⑴Theonlythinghecares__________ismoney.
⑵Idon’treallycare_____redwine.
Whowilltakecare___yourbabyifyouareout?
Manyaccidentsarecausedby________(care)driving.
Theystudiedthequestion_________(care)beforetheymadethedecision.
7、Shegavemeadeterminedlook–thekindthatshewouldn’tchangehermind.
(1)、determinev.决定,下定决心,确定
①determinetodosth.=makeupone’smindtodosth.下定决心
eg:
HedeterminedtolearnFrench.
②bedeterminedtodosth.决心做
eg:
Shewasdeterminedtogotouniversity.
(2)、changeone’smind改变某人的主意
eg:
Nomatterwhatyousay,Iwon’tchangemymind.
determinationn.决心,毅力determinedadj.坚毅的,下决心的
8.WhenItoldherthatourjourneywouldbeginatanaltitudeofmorethan5000meters,sheseemedtobeexcitedaboutit.当我告诉她我们将在海拔5000米处开始旅程,她好像对此很兴奋。
本句中的seem后面跟了不定式结构,意为“……看起来好像……”。
(1)seem常常和不定式,形容词,分词,名词和介词短语搭配。
如:
1).seem+不定式(短语)
Iseemedtohearavoiceinthedistance.Iseemtohavecaughtacold.
seem后不定式的否定式习惯上用don’t来代替,(放在seem前),如:
Youdon’tseemtobequiteyourselftoday
2).seem+形容词
Sheseemsquitehappytoday.=Sheseemstobequitehappytoday.
3).Seem+分词
Thenewsseemsexciting.Theyseemsinterestedinthefilm.
4)、seem+名词
Sheseemsaclevergirl.Itseemedalongtimebeforemyturncame.
5).seem+介词短语Theyseemedinhighspirits.
(2)seem常用于it作形式主语的“Itseems/seemedthat……”结构,如:
Itseemsthatyouwerelying.
Itseemsimpossiblethathewillbeheretomorrow.
(3).seem常用于由asif/though引导的从句中,如:
Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.Itseemsasifheknewnothingaboutthat.
[注]在这种句式中,如从句所叙述的情实现的可能性比较大,从句谓语用陈述语气
若实现的可能性较小,或根本不可能实现,从句的谓语则用虚拟语气。
(4).seems也常用在“thereseem(s)tobe”句式中,用来代替be,作句子的谓语。
如:
Thereseemstobenopointinrefusing.
Thereseemedtobesomethingthematterwithhim.
atanaltitudeof=ataheightof在海拔……米处
e.g.Theplaneisflyingataheight/altitudeof10,000feet.
注意:
at在此处表“在……处/时,以……”后接年龄,速度,长宽深高,价格,费用等
在…岁时attheageof以..的价格atahigh/lowprice
在….深度\宽度处atadepth/widthof在…距离处atadistanceof
9、WhenItoldhertheairwouldbehardtobreathanditwouldbeverycold…
主语+be+adj.+todosth.是一常用句式即不定式用主动形式表达被动含义。
不定式和主语之间是动宾关系,应使用及物动词的主动形式,若是不及物动词,要加相应的介词。
常用的形容词有:
easy,difficult,hard,interesting,pleasant,nice,dangeroues,important等;
该句型可以转换成“It+be+adj+todosth.”结构
eg:
Theproblemisreallyhardtoworkout.=Itisreallyhardtoworkouttheproblem.
还有一类表示心理活动的形容词(surprised,moved,disappointed,pleased,happy,sad,delighted,sorry,interested,glad,worried,eager,anxious,angry等),主动用todo,被动用tobedone,也可接从句。
WewerebothsurprisedtolearnthathalfoftheriverisinChina.我们惊奇地发现这条河有一半是在中国境内。
Weweredisappiontedtobetoldthatthematchhadbeenputoff.
10.Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit.Finally,Ihadtogivein.她一旦下了决心,什么也不能使她改变。
最后,我只好让步了。
once作为连词,作“一(旦)……就……”解,连接一个表示时间的状语从句。
从句中常用一般现在时,现在完成时表将来。
如:
Onceyouhavebeginyoumustcontinue.
Onceprinted,thebookwillbeverypopular
once用作副词,意为“一次;从前,曾经”。
11、Finally,Ihadtogivein.
(1)、givein(tosb./sth.)屈服于,让步,递交
eg:
Hehadtogiveintomyviews.他只好顺从了我的意见。
(2)、givein(sth.tosb.)上交
eg:
Pleasegiveyourexaminationpapersintotheteacher.
【拓展】giveup放弃,认输giveout筋疲力尽;分配giveaway捐赠,泄露
giveoff放出,散发(光、热、烟、气、味等)
运用:
用适当的介词或副词填空。
(1)Hegave____toherrequest.
(2)Ifyougive_____smoking,youwillsavealotofmoneyeveryyear.
(3)Hisaccentgavehim_____.SoIknewhewasfromUSA.
(4)Ourteachergave______tothepolicestationwhathepickedupfromtheground.
(5)Hismoneysoongave______becauseheboughtalotofthings.
12、Itbecomesrapidsasitpassesthroughdeepvalleys,travelingacrosswesternYunnanProvince.
【辨析】across,through与over
across表示从一定范围的一边到另一边或事物交叉位置,“横穿,横跨”表面
through表达两边穿过或穿过空间内部
over表示“越过”是指越过较高的物体从一侧到另一侧
Sheswamacrosstheriver.她游过河去。
Theriverflowsthroughthecityfromwesttoeast.这条河从西往东流过城市。
Thethiefclimbedoverthewallandranaway.小偷翻过墙逃走了。
Part3.LearningaboutLanguage
1、Adeterminedpersonalwaystriestofinishthejob,nomatterhowharditis.
有决心的人总是努力完成工作,而不管它有多难。
疑问词+ever,nomatter+疑问词
(1)whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever可以引导让步状语从句,也可以引导名词性从句,引导让步状语从句时,可以换成nomatterwhat/which/who/whom,位置可以在主句前,也可以在主句后。
Takewhateveryouwant.拿你想要的任何东西。
Wewillcompletetheworkontime,nomatterwhathappens.
=Whateverhappens,wewillcompleretheworkontime.
(2)wherever,whenever,however常引导让步状语从句,可以换成nomattewhere/when/how,可放在主句前或主句后。
Wheneverhegoesabroad,hewillbuypresentsforhisyoungersister.
=Nomatterwhenhegoesabroad,hewilbypresentsforhisyoungersister.
2.exceptfor,except,but,besides
表示“除了”的词或短语有:
except;but;exceptfor;besides;exceptthat/when...等。
(1)except和but都表示“除了……之外。
没有”,二者大多数情况下可以互换;但在no,all,nobody,nothing,noone等不定代词后多用but。
Nooneknowsourteacher'saddressexcept/buthim.(排除him)
(2)besides除……之外,还……,有附加性。
WhatotherforeignlanguagesdoyouknowbesidesEnglish?
(English与otherlanguages都属于know的范围)
(3)exceptfor只不过……,整体肯定,部分修正,用于排除非同类事物,for表示细节上的修正。
Yourarticleiswellwrittenexceptforafewspellingmistakes.
当except用于句首时,后面往往要加上for.
Exceptforthis,everythingisingoodorder.=Everythingisingoodord