图表作文.docx

图表作文.docx

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图表作文

图表作文

1.题型类别

图表：

chart,graph,diagram,picture

线图：

linegraph,linechart,curvechart/graph

饼图：

piechart

柱状图：

barchart,columnchart,histogram

表格：

form,table

流程图：

processchart,sequencechart,progressdiagram

地图：

map

2.折线图：

开头段+主体段+结论段

2.1.开头段：

“这个折线图描述了...（数据名称）…在…（时间地点）的变化/波动。

”

Thelinegraphshowsthefluctuation/changeof…（数据名称）…in…（地点）…from…to…

描述：

describe,show,depict,demonstrate,illustrate,giveinformationof,presentavividdescriptionof…

三个位置：

文字描述；横纵坐标轴；图表标题部分；

三类信息：

“数据名称（thestatisticsof;thepercentageof;theproportionof;thenumberof;theamountof;thestructureof;thedistributionof;theproductionof;theconsumptionof;thesalesof;thetradevolumeof;）”，采集时间地点；数据分组（bysex;byagegroup;byincomegroup;byemploymentstatus;bysocialstatus,bymaritalstatus…）；

2.2.主体段

2.2.1.逐线描述：

“总体走向+关键细节”

描述总体走向：

“如图所示，…呈…趋势”或“在…中能够看到一个…的趋势”

Asisshowninthechart,…keep/demonstrate/showa…trend/tendency.

A…trendcanbeseen/isshownin…

走向的方向

向上的：

upward,rising,increasing,ascending,growing…

向下的：

downward,falling,decreasing,descending,declining…

程度形容词：

急剧的：

sharp,violent,drastic,dramatic,abrupt

明显的：

obvious,notable,noticeable,evident,apparent,remarkable

平稳的：

steady,gradual,smooth

和缓的：

moderate,mild,modest,lesssignificant

轻微的：

faint,slight

总体上的：

on-the-whole,generally

FigureAkeepsanobviousincreasingtrend/tendency.

AnobviousdecreasingtrendcanbeseeninFigureB.

AgenerallyupwardtendencycanbeseeninFigureC.

ItcanbeseeninthechartthatFigureDkeptagradualdownwardtrend.

Ascanbeseeninthechart,FigureEkeptasteadyupwardtrend.

Anon-the-wholedownwardtendencycanbeseeninFigureF.

有些情况下，数据线显示的是数据的波动且看不出明显的上升或下降，如例题1。

这种情况下，可以用下列句型概括总体趋势：

、

“如图所示，…数据波动剧烈/和缓”或“在…数据中能够看到剧烈/和缓的变化”

Ascanbeseeninthechart,…fluctuates/changesinadrasticway/drastically/inamoderateway/moderately.

Adramatic/modestfluctuation/changecanbeseenin…如例句：

Asisshowninthechart,FigureAfluctuateddrastically.

ItcanbeseeninthechartthatFigureBchangedinamoderateway.

Ascanbeseeninthechart,FigureCfluctuatedinadramaticway.

AnotablechangecanbeseeninFigureD.

如果某一数据基本保持不变，则可用下列句型概括其总体走向：

Itisshowninthechartthat…remainstable/stayunchanged/keeplevel.

例如：

ItisshowninthechartthatthepercentageofAustralianstudentsremainedunchangedforthewholeperiod.

关键细节描述：

“顺序”，“动作”，“幅度”

顺序词：

首先：

Initially,Atfirst,Atthebeginning,First

然后：

Then,Afterthis,Asthisisdone,before,Later,Inthefollowing/next…,Thenafter,Thereafter……

最后：

finally,intheend,eventually

七大动词：

位于：

stand,stay

达到：

reach,hit,touch,register,getto

上升：

rise,increase,climb,ascend,grow,goup

急升：

soar,surge,popup,rocket,shootup

下降：

fall,decrease,shrink,decline,descend,whither,withdraw,dip,drop

急降：

dive,plunge,plummet

持平：

stabilize,level-off,stayunchanged,remainstable

到顶：

top,peak

到底：

bottom

描述幅度：

“六个常用句型”

数据B从1991年的100元上升至2001年的最高点300元。

●FigureBrosefrom100Yuanin1991toitspeakat300Yuanin2001.

●FigureBgota100-to-300-Yuanincreaseinthe10yearsafter1991,peakingat300Yuanin2001.

●FigureBgotatwo-foldincrease/anincreaseof200Yuanafter1991,reachingitstopat300Yuanin2001.

●The10yearsbetween1991and2001witnessed/saw/experienceda100-to-300-YuanincreaseoffigureB.

●FigureBroseby200Yuanfrom1991to2001,touchingthehighestat300Yuan.

●From100Yuanin1991,FigureBkeptincreasingfor10yearsbefore/untilithitthetopat300Yuanin2001.

2.2.2.分阶段描述“起点，终点，转折点，交叉点”

3.表格、柱状图与饼图题

开头段：

“这个表格描述了/提供了…在…方面的信息；

Thetablepresentsinformationof…incategories/aspectsof…

说明/提供：

present,show,offer,illustrate,describe

信息：

information,statistics

方面/类别：

incategoriesof,inaspectsof

Thetablepresentsstatisticsofthesubwaysystemsin6cities（namelyLondon…）

分列描述：

排顺序，作比较；

A排在…的首位

Aranksthefirst/highestin…Atakestheleadingposition/theleadin…

Atops…Astaysatthetopof…Firstin…isA

B排在第二位

SecondisBItisfollowedbyBImmediatelyfollowingisB

Btakesthesecondposition.

C，D，E…第三到倒数第二位

Further/StillbehindareC,DandE.TheyarefollowedbyC,DandE.

F排在末尾

AtthebottomofthiscategoryisFAtthebottomofthelistisF

LastisFInthelastplaceisFFbottomsthiscategory.

数据交待方法：

●A,（thefigureof）whichis…

●Btakesthesecondpositionwith…

●括号

●另起一句话，Itis…

在相关处做出比较：

最大值与最小值作比较；

…less/morethan…;

…timesmore/lessthan…比…高…倍；

…timesasmuch/manyas…是…的…倍；

onlyone-third/two-thirdof…

两端+中间；

“有意思的是A不仅在…是最大的，而且在…中也是第一位的”

Interestingly,Aisthehighestnotonlyin…butalsoin…

“令人惊讶的是，尽管B在…不是最大的，但是它在…是最高的”

Surprisingly,althoughBisnotthehighestin…,itisindeedthegreatestin…

Itis…,…higherthan/timesofF.

BetweenthemareB,C,DandE.

相似顺序：

在…，能够看到一个相似的顺序。

A又一次排在首位而B又一次位列第二。

唯一差异出现在E和F。

后者这一次比前者高…

Asimilarsequencecanbeseenin…Atakestheleadagainwith…anditisfollowedbyB,whichis….Theonlydifference/exceptionoccursinEandF.Thelatteris…higherthantheformerthistime.

首尾各一到两个

A以…排在首位。

与之相反，F排在最低，比A少…。

4.程图写作：

I.考题分类：

i.演进类：

分时段图（强化段P13）；地图演进类（强化段P25）；多图比较类；

ii.操作说明类：

含步骤名称（强化段P23）；不含步骤名称（剑8P78）；

iii.综合类：

既有演进也有步骤说明（剑6P75）；

iv.选址类：

剑5P75；

II.演进类流程图写作

开头段：

这个流程图分…个步骤说明了…的过程。

Theprocesschart/sequencechart/progresschartillustrates/shows/depicts/demonstrates/explains/describesin…steps/stages（theprocessof）…/how…/thedevelopmentof…

Thesequencechartillustratesin5stepstheprocessoftheshapingandgrowthoftheforestsinYellowstoneNationalPark/howtheforestsinYellowstoneNationalParktookshapeandgrewoverthe300yearsafterafiredisaster.

第一个阶段：

静态描述；“起初，…位于…/在…有…”

“…位于…”；“在…有…”；“特征”

位于：

stand,lie,belocated,besituated,canbeseen,canbespotted,scatter,perch…

某处有…：

thereis/are…

起初：

Initially,Atthebeginning,Atfirst,

流程图重点：

本步骤与前一步相比的差异；

接下来的阶段：

比较和前一阶段的差异；

发生：

takeplace,happen,occur,breakout

出现：

appear,comeintobeing,emerge,turnup,occur

消失：

disappear,beremoved,bewipedout,cannolongerbeseen,bedestroyed

取代：

AreplaceB;AtaketheplaceofB;AappearinsteadofB;AcomeintobeinginplaceofB;

变成：

become,turn,develop,grow,change

扩大（面积）：

expand,stretch,spread

缩小（面积）：

shrink,wither,withdraw

Initially,bigtreesstoodatalowdensityintheoldforest.Thereweresomebadwoodsonthesoil.Then,thefirebrokeout.Inthe50yearsafterthefire,agreatnumberofsmalltreesreplacedthebigtreeswhichhadbeenwipedoutbythedisaster.Inthenext5decades,thetreesturnedlargerandthenumberofthemshrankobviously.Inthefollowingtwocenturies,thetreesgrewevenlargerandthedensitywitheredfurther.Intheend,300yearsafterthedisaster,theforestrecoveredcompletely.

流程图修饰性用语：

a.主观判断性语言：

“这也许是…的原因/结果”；Itmighthavebeenthecause/resultof…

Itmighthavebeenthecauseofthefirelater.

Itmighthavebeentheresultoflifecompetitionandnaturalselection.

b.步骤连接句：

Thefirstmajordevelopment/changeof…tookplacein……的第一次重大变化发生在…

Inthenextperiod,…,greatchangestookplacein…在接下来的…时间中，在…发生巨大的变化；

Inthenext…,…developedintoanewstage/thedevelopmentof…enteredanewstage.在接下来的…时间中，…发展到了一个新的阶段；

Thechange/developmentwenton/lasted/continuedthroughoutthenext…这个变化在接下来的…时间中一直在持续着；

Thefollowing…witnessed/sawanewdevelopmentof…接下来的…见证了…一个新的发展。

Initially,bigtreesstoodatalowdensityintheoldforest.Thereweresomebadwoodsonthesoil.Itmighthavebeenthecauseofthefirelater.Then,thefirebrokeoutanddestroyedeverything,thetreesandthebadwoods.Inthe50yearsafterthefire,theforesthaditsfirstmajordevelopment.Agreatnumberofsmalltreesreplacedthebigtreeswhichhadbeenwipedoutbythedisaster.Inthenext5decades,theforestdevelopedintoanewstage.Thetreesturnedlargerandthenumberofthemshrankobviously.Itmighthavebeentheresultoflifecompetitionandnaturalselection.Thisdevelopmentwentonthroughoutthefollowingtwocenturies.Thetreesgrewevenlargerandthedensitywitheredfurther.Intheend,300yearsafterthedisaster,theforestrecoveredcompletely.Thetreesresumedtheirsizeanddensitybeforethefire.

III.地图演进类：

Parallelto

方位描述：

在…的南边；

inthesouthof在内部；onthesouthof在边上（相邻）；

tothesouthof离开一段距离；

一条南北向的公路

AsouthboundmainroadAmainroadgoingsouth

Asouth-to-northmainroadAmainroadlinking/connectingsouthand/tonorth

向南扩大

ExpandsouthwardExpandtothesouth

路口

Intersection/joint

沿着…的北边；

Alongthenorthof;

Alongthenorthernside/border/boundaryof…

Themapdemonstratesin4stepsthedevelopmentofChorleywood,avillagenearLondon,between1868and1994.

Inthefirst15years,thevillagewaslocatedontheeastofamainroad.Itcoveredonlyasmallarea.Therewasanothermainroadtothenorthofit.ThefirstmajordevelopmentofChorleywoodtookplacebetween1883and1922.Itexpandedsouthwardalongtheeastofthemainroadbyabout3times.Thismighthavebeentheresultoftheconstructionofarailwayin1909.Therailwayranacrossthenewareaofthevillagelinkingeastandwest.Theexpansionwentonthroughoutthefollowing48years.Twonewareascameintobeingonthesouthoftherailway.Oneofthemwasontheeastofthevillageandtheotherwasonthewestofthemainroad.Thefourthperiod,from1970to1994,beganwiththebuildingofanorthboundmotorwaytotheeastofChorleywood.Fivenewareasappearedscatteringontheemptylandsaroundtheintersectionofthemotorwaywiththemainroadandthatwiththerailway.

Thus,themapillustrateshowthevillageofChorleywooddevelopedwiththeconstructionoftran