初二被动语态.docx

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初二被动语态

被动语态讲解

一、各种时态的被动语态

一般现在时:

am/is/are+动词过去分词

Carsaremadebythem.

一般过去时:

was/were+动词过去分词

TheMP3wasboughtbymyfather.

一般将来时:

will/shall/begoingtobe+动词过去分词  

Thebridgewillbecompletedintendays.  

现在完成时:

have/hasbeen+动词过去分词

Themeetinghasbeenputoff.

二、含有情态动词的被动语态

 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

歌诀是:

情态动词变动,情态加be加“过分”。

例如:

 wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.

We mustfinishthisworksoon.→Thisworkmustbedonesoon.

Wehavetocleantheclassroom.→Theclassroomhastobecleanedbyus.

三、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.

(1)时态保持一致。

Ihaverepairedmycomputer.---Mycomputerhasbeenrepaired.  

(2)如果要说出动作的执行者,并且这个执行者可以作主动语态中主语时,就用by短语,如果后面的词表示地点,不是动作的执行者,就用in短语。

Itismadebyus.ItismadeinWuhan.

(3)主动句的主语是代词的主格形式,变成被动句by的宾语时要用其宾格形式。

Hecleanedthecar.→Thecarwascleanedbyhim.

(4)疑问句的被动语态,用be动词的对应形式代替do

Doesshedrivethiscar?

→Isthiscardrivenbyher?

(5)谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。

Hisbestfriendoftenlooksafterhim.  --Heisoftenlookedafterbyhisbestfriend.

(6)主动句中有一些动词如buy,send,give,show,offer,tell,lend,teach等,带有双宾语,一个是直接宾语(指物),另一个是间接宾语(指人),主动语态变为被动语态时,可以把间接宾语变成主语,保留直接宾语,也可以把直接宾语变为主语,保留间接宾语,但此时一般在间接宾语前加一个介词。

Myfathergavemeabook.

(1)Iwasgivenabookbymyfather.→

(2)Abookwasgiventomebymyfather.

Sheshowedmesomephotos.

(1)Iwasshownsomephotosbyher.→

(2)Somephotoswereshowntomebyher.

注意:

有些双宾语动词,如do,pass,sell,send,sing,bring,write等,变为被动语态时,通常以直接宾语作主语,保留间接宾语,其前面根据情况用介词to或for

Shewrotemealetter.→Aletterwaswrittentomebyher.

有些双宾语动词如answer,save,envy(羡慕)等,通常以间接宾语作被动语态主语,保留直接宾语。

Heansweredmethatquestion.→Iwasansweredthatquestionbyhim.

(7)主动语态句中使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语为不带to的不定式,但变为被动语态时要加上to,这类的动词有make,have,let,notice,see,watch,lookat, hear,listento,feelhelp等。

Mr.Leemadehimwashthedishes. →Hewasmadetowashthedishes.

Isawaboycrossthestreet.→Aboywasseentocrossthestreet.

(8)Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型

  一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+todosth.”。

有:

  Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道,Itisbelievedthat…大家相信,Itishopedthat…大家希望,Itiswellknownthat…众所周知,Itisthoughtthat…大家认为,Itissuggestedthat…据建议。

 

例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.(=Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.)

四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

1、

(1)英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash,cut,wear等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.Thecoatssellwell.

Theknifecutswell.这刀好使。

Theshoeswearlong.这鞋耐穿。

  注意:

主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

  试比较:

Thedoorwon'tlock.(指门本身有毛病)

  Thedoorwon'tbelocked.(指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因)

  

(2)表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:

happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout(出现)等以主动形式表示被动意义。

 (3)系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

   Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.

2、在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。

  

(1)在need,want,require等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

 Thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired).这房子需要修理。

 

(2)在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。

这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。

 Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(可看作toworkout省略了forme).

 (3)在too…to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。

 Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.

五、下列情况不能用于被动语态

1.不及物动词没有被动语态

这类动词常见的有:

takeplace,happen,last,rise,breakout,appear等

Theaccidenthappenedlastnight.(√)Theaccidentwashappenedlastnight.(×)

2.系动词没有被动语态

这些动词有:

feel,turn,taste,sound,smell,look,get,become等。

8B被动语态专项练习

一、按要求改写下列句子

1.IsteagrowninSouthChina?

(改为主动语态)

people____________teainSouthChina?

2.Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.(同义句转换)

Abirthdaypresent_________ ________ ________ _______bymyparentseveryyear

3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改为被动语态)

AnEnglishsong__________ __________ _________bythechildren.

4.Youneedn'tdoitnow.(改为被动语态)

It____________ ______________ _____________byyounow.

5.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改为被动语态)

Metal____________ ____________ ______________makingmachines.

6.Hemademedothatforhim.(改为被动语态)

I____________ ____________ _____________ ____________thatforhim.

7..SomePeoplenoticedthoseworkersmakingmachines. (改为被动语态)

Thoseworkers____________________ _________________makingmachines.

8.Theyoftensawtheboywatchthefootballmatcheslastyear.(改为被动语态)

Theboy________often_________________________ thefootballmatchesbythem.

9.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?

(改为被动语态)

__________abridge___________herebythemayearago?

10.HarryJonesdesignedthegame.(改为被动语态)

Thegame____________________HarryJones.

11.Heoftenmakesusworkfortenhoursaday.(改为被动语态)

We___________often___________to__________fortenhoursaday.

12.Myparentsbuymeabirthdaycakeeveryyear.(改为被动语态)

(1)I________________________________abirthdaycakebymyparentseveryyear.

(2)Abirthdaycake_______________________________mebyparentseveryyear.

13.Wenoticedhimeatingsnacksinclass.(改为被动语态)

Heeatingsnacksinclassbyus.

14.Heplantsmanytreeseveryyear.(把句子改为被动语态)

Manytrees_________________byhimeveryyear.

15.Theteachermadehimhandinhomeworkbeforeclass.(把句子改为被动语态)

Hewas________________handinhomeworkbeforeclass(bytheteacher).

16.HeboughtaCD-ROMlastyear.(把句子改为被动语态)

ACD-ROMlastyear.

17.HeorganizesactivitiesoftheComputerClub.(把句子改为被动语态)

ActivitiesoftheComputerClubbyhim.

18..DoeseveryoneintheworldknowtheGreatWall?

(把句子改为被动语态)

theGreatWallintheworld?

19..Igavehimapresentyesterday.(把句子改为被动语态)

ApresenthimbymeYesterday.

20.Theworkersbuiltthebridgein2004.(把句子改为被动语态)

Thebridgebytheworkersin2004.

二、单项选择

1.Eachyearquitealotoffood________aroundtheworld.

A.waswastedB.iswastedC.wastedD.willbewasted

2.Thesickman_______tohospitalbythepolicemananhourago.

A.istakenB.wastakenC.takesD.took

3.Elephantscarrywoodbypeoplelongtimeago.

A.wastrainedB.trainedtoC.traintoD.weretrainedto

4.—Whyareyousoexcitedtoday?

--Weweretold________apicnicthisweekend.

A.haveB.tohaveC.havingD.had

5.Themeeting_______twoweeksago.

A.holdB.washeldC.wereheldD.isheld

6.Thethief________bythepolicelastnight.

A.caughtB.iscaughtC.wascaughtD.werecaught

7.LastyearBeijing____byabigsandstorm.

A.ishitB.werehitC.willbehitD.washit

8.—Susan,whyareyoustillhere?

Theyareallreadytostart.   

–I’msorry,butI_____whentomeet.

A.don’ttell       B.didn’ttell     C.haven’ttold    D.wasn’ttold

9.Twelve-year-oldsshouldnottodriveinChina.

A.allowB.beallowC.allowedD.beallowed

10.Thislisteningmaterial,togetherwithitsCD-ROMs,well.

A.sellsB.sellC.issoldD.aresold

11.–Atpresent,oneofthebestwaystostudyisworkingingroups.

–Morechancestostudentstolearnfromeachother.

A.offerB.areofferedC.haveofferedD.areoffering

12.–anewlibraryinourschoollastyear?

–Yes,itwas.

A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build

13.–Whattheplaneoften?

------Atrainingcentre.

A.is;usedasB.–was;usedtoC.is;usedtoD.was;usingas

14.Hewasseen_________abankjustnow

A.toenterB.toenterintoC.enterD.enteringinto

15.Weretheyheard___________atthattime?

A.talkandlaughB.totalkandlaughC.talkingandlaughingD.talkedandlaughed

16.Thenewflatsinthecentreofthetown____________well.

A.sellsB.sellC.issoldD.aresold

17.TheWorldCup_______________everyfouryears.

A.takesplaceB.istakenplaceC.isheldD.BothAandC

18.Oldpeopleareoften____________politelybytheyounginourcountry.

A.spokentoB.speakingC.spokenD.speaking

19.—Boysandgirls,haveyoufinisheddrawingthepictures?

—Yes,they________amomentago.

A.havefinishedB.werefinishedC.arefinishedD.finished

20.Marydidn’tknowwherethebirthdaycard________andlookedworried.

A.washidingB.washiddenC.hidD.hidden

21.Tom   byhisclassmatesbecausehemadeacarelessmistake.

A.laughedatB.waslaughedatC.laughedD.waslaughed

22.They_______dayandnight.

AaremadeworkBaremadetoworkCmadetobeworkedDaremakingtowork

23.Youmaygofishingifyourwork_______.

AisdoneBwillbedoneChasdoneDhavedone

24.ThesekindsofCD---ROMS______inthatshopoverthere.They_____well.

Aaresold,aresoldBaresold,sellCsell,sellDsell,aresold

25.MrChenhasaloudvoice.Hisvoicecan_____clearlyeveninthatbigclassroom.

AhearBbeheardCbehearingDhaveheard

26.-----Doyouliketheflower?

---------Yes,it______sweet.

AsmellsBissmellingCsmeltDissmelt

27.English_______inmanycountries,buttheChinese_______theirownlanguage.

A.speaks;spokenB.isspoken;isspokenC.isspoken;speakD.isspoken;speaks

28.---HowmanycakescanIhave,Mum?

---None,dear.They_______foryourfather.

A.prepareBpreparedC.havepreparedD.wereprepared

29.Hisnewbookhas________.

AcomeonBbeencomeonCcomeoutDbeencomeout

30.Foodandclothestothechildreninpoorareasbythevolunteers.

A.handoutBarehandedoutCarehandingoutDworkedout

三、用()里词的适当形式填空

1.Youngtrees____________(water)welleveryday.

2.Thirtybikes_______________(repair)byUncleWanglastweek.

3.Thiskindofmachine______________(use)forcuttingthings.

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