高考英语二轮复习增分篇专题巧突破专题三阅读理解专题限时检测十七阅读理解推理判断类之观点态度.docx
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高考英语二轮复习增分篇专题巧突破专题三阅读理解专题限时检测十七阅读理解推理判断类之观点态度
年高考英语二轮复习增分篇专题巧突破专题三阅读理解专题限时检测十七阅读理解推理判断类之观点态度题
(xx·南通市高三第一次调研测试)MichaelHerr,whohasdiedaged76,wastheauthorofDispatches(1977),thebestbookabouttheVietnamWar.Herralsomadevitalcontributionstotwoofthebestfilmsonthewar,ApocalypseNowandFullMetalJacket.
IttookHerreightyearstowriteDispatches,inpartbecausehewenthomefromSaigonwithabadcaseofstressdisorder.HehadgonetoVietnamasacorrespondentforEsquiremagazine.AnAmericangeneralaskedhimwhetherhewastheretowriteaboutmilitaryfashion,andanotherwhetherhewastheretowritehumour.No,hetoldthem.HewrotelittleforEsquire,buttookadvantageoftheUSgovernment'sdecisiontoallowcorrespondentsextraordinaryaccesstogotowarwiththesoldiers.Hesharedtheirdisfortsandtheirfears,witnessedtheirdeathandrecordedtheirlanguage.
Hisownlanguage,astreamofconsciousnesspulsingwithenergy,butmasterfullycontrolled,capturedthefearandthehorror,butalsotheexcitement,ofthewarinthejungleandpaddyfields.“Somuchbeauty”,herecalled,“andsomuchpleasure”.Herecordedwithaconnoisseur'sexpertise(行家专长)suchdetailsasthemanywaysinwhichsoldierswouldwisheachothergoodluck,andthedegreesofmadnessthatwereconsideredacceptable.
Heidentifiedwiththeyoungsoldiersandlearnedinthefirstfewdaysthatyoucouldnotaffectneutrality(中立).“If_you_are_neutral,_you_don't_get_it,”saidhe.Hegenerallydidnotcarryaweapon,thoughonoccasionhedidfireatVietnameseinemergencies.Theyoungsoldiers,hesaid,“aremyguns”.
Thepowerofthebook,perhaps,esfromHerr'sinsistenceondescribingthewar,ormorepreciselyhisownresponsestoit,ratherthanprotesting(抗议)againstit.Italsoesfromtheceaselessacpanimentoftwoelements,drugsandmusic—moreparticularlyrockmusic,andespeciallythemusicofJimiHendrix.HerrhimselfspentdrugfuelledweekendsinaflatinSaigon,staringatanancientFrenchmapofIndochina,andhenevercaughtahelicopterwithoutaHendrixrecord.
HemetsoldierswithaleftpocketfullofDexedrine,the“upper”officiallyadministeredbythearmytogetthemintobattle,andarightpocketfullof“downers”togetthemthroughit.Dispatchesdidnoteoutuntil1977,whenthecountrywasbeginningtokeepitsmindonotherproblems,butitdidmore,perhaps,thananyotherbooktofreezeanimageofdespairandasenseofwasteaboutthewar,ratherasthetrenchpoetsof1914-1918didinBritain.
HerralsomadevitalcontributionstotwoofthemostinfluentialVietnamfilms.HewroteMartinSheen'svoiceoverforFrancisFordCoppola'sApocalypseNowandlaterwrotethescreenplayforStanleyKubrick'sFullMetalJacket.Hiswork,inthebookandthetwofilms,hasbeenseenaspartoftheprocesswherebytheUScametoseeitselfanditshistorynolongermerelythroughtraditionalliterature,butinsoundsandimages,inwaysthatprefigured(预示)theInternet.
In1980HerrmovedtoLondon,wherehestayeduntilhemovedbacktotheUSin1991.ItwastherethathemetStanleyKubrick,whobecameaclosefriend,thoughHerrwarnedagainstdoingbusinesswithhim.HerrwroteKubrick'sbiography,buthewrotesurprisinglylittleelseafterDispatches.
1.WhydidMichaelHerrgotoVietnamduringthewaryears?
A.Tojointhesoldiersinmilitaryactions.
B.Toreportmilitaryactionsandadvances.
C.Togiveanauthenticaccountofthewar.
D.Towriteaboutmilitaryfashionandhumour.
解析:
选C 细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“HehadgonetoVietnamasacorrespondentforEsquiremagazine.”“...allowcorrespondentsextraordinaryaccesstogotowarwiththesoldiers”和“Hesharedtheirdisfortsandtheirfears,witnessedtheirdeathandrecordedtheirlanguage.”可知,迈克尔·赫尔作为随军记者去了越南并真实地记录了这场战争中的点点滴滴。
2.WhatcanweinferfromMichaelHerr'sstatementunderlinedinParagraph4?
A.Itwasimpossibletoremainneutralduringthewar.
B.Itwasunnecessarytoshowpityforthewarvictims.
C.Neutralityisameanstokeepyousafeduringthewar.
D.Neutralitycanhelptheciviliansfreefromsufferings.
解析:
选A 句意理解题。
根据第四段第一句话中的“...youcouldnotaffectneutrality(中立)”可知,迈克尔·赫尔认识到在战场上是没有中立的立场的,再结合画线句的字面含义可知,此处指的是在战争中保持中立是不可能的。
3.WhichofthefollowingaboutDispatchesisTRUE?
A.ItfullydescribesHerr'sprotestagainstthewar.
B.Itslanguageiscasuallyselectedandorganized.
C.Musicanddrugsgivetheauthorinspiration.
D.IttrulyreflectsHerr'sresponsestothewar.
解析:
选D 细节理解题。
根据第五段的第一句可知,这本书真实地反映了迈克尔·赫尔对战争的看法。
4.USsoldiersbroughtdrugswiththemduringthewarmostprobablybecause________.
A.theywereaddictedtodrugs
B.theysufferedstressdisorder
C.theyusedthemtocurethewounds
D.theyexchangedthemformusicrecords
解析:
选B 推理判断题。
根据第六段第一句可知,士兵们上战场会带中枢神经兴奋剂和镇静剂,由此可推知,B项正确。
★5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeHerr'sattitudetowardsthewar?
A.Supportive.B.Uninterested.
C.Disapproving.D.Neutral.
解析:
选C 观点态度题。
根据第六段最后一句话中的“...freezeanimageofdespairandasenseofwasteaboutthewar”可知,迈克尔·赫尔对战争是持反对态度的。
6.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?
A.Herr'sworkofferedAmericansmorewaystoknowthemselves.
B.HerrstoppedwritingafterthebookDispatcheswaspublished.
C.Herrrejectedhisfriend'srequesttowriteabiographyforhim.
D.Herr'sworkplayedapositiveroleinthebirthoftheInternet.
解析:
选A 推理判断题。
根据倒数第二段中的“Hiswork,inthebookandthetwofilms,hasbeenseenaspartoftheprocesswherebytheUScametoseeitselfanditshistory...”可知,迈克尔·赫尔的作品让美国人增进了对自身的了解。
(xx·江苏省六市高三联考)Thereareendlessmotivationsforhumanbehaviour,fromthebasicdrivesforfoodtomoreplicatedones,suchassympathy,envyandanger.Butnoneoftheseexplainbehavioursthatwecallpulsions(强迫症).Theyefromaneedthatisdesperateandtortured(折磨).Theymaybringrelief,buttheybringlittleenjoyment,andwhileonepartofourbraindesperatelywishestostopthem,anotherisafraidofstopping.
Iusedtoviewpulsionsasforeignandalmostfrightening.Butinthecourseofmyresearch,twothingshappened.First,whenIgottoknowpeoplewhowerepulsive,theirbehaviourdidn'tseemunreasonableatall.Second,Irealizedthatalthoughpeoplewiththemostextremepulsionsseemlikeoutliers(另类人),theanxietythatdrivesthemtothoseextremesisuniversal.
Overanyyear,manyofusfindourselvesinthecontrolofapulsionthatfallsshortofsomethingthatisdisablingenoughtoqualifyasamentaldisorder—infact,somepulsionsareadaptive,helpingusleadourlivesorperformourjobsmoreeffectively.
Likemanypeople,maybeyoufeelforcedtoreachforyoursmartphoneassoonasyouwakeupinthemorning.Fortunatelyagrowingnumberofexpertshavebeguntosucceedindistinguishingaddictionsfrompulsions.
Anaddictionbeginswithaflashofpleasureacpaniedwithdanger;it'sfuntogambleortodrink,anditalsoputsyouatrisk.Addictionsinvolveactingwithoutplanningoreventhought,drivenbyanurgeforimmediatesatisfaction.pulsions,incontrast,areallaboutavoidingunpleasantoutes.Theyarebehaviourswerepeatmanytimestorelievetheanxietybroughtonbythepossibilityofnegativeconsequences.Buttheactualbehaviourisoftenunpleasant—oratleastnotparticularlyrewarding,especiallyaftermanyroundsofit.
Behindeverypulsionistheneedtoavoidwhatcausesyoupainoranxiety.pulsivebehaviourisnotnecessarilyamentaldisorder.Someformsofitcanbe,andpeopleinitscontroldeservetobediagnosedandhelped.Butmanyareexpressionsofpsychologicalneedsweallfeel:
tobeatpeaceandincontrol,tofeelconnectedandtomatter.Andifthosearementalillnesses,we'reallcrazy.
语篇解读:
本文是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了有关强迫症的情况。
7.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs,weknowthat________.
A.pulsionscanbringreliefaswellasenjoyment
B.pulsivepeoplewillpreferunreasonablebehaviour
C.pulsionsmaybeanunderstandableresponsetoanxiety
D.pulsivepeoplemustbefrighteningandbehavedifferently
解析:
选C 细节理解题。
通过前两段的内容,尤其是第二段可知,强迫症不是无法理解的,并且最后一句说那种驱使他们走向极端的担忧是很普遍的。
故选C。
8.Themaindifferencebetweenaddictionsandpulsionsliesin________.
A.humanrelationshipsB.financialrewards
C.internaldrivesD.socialexpectations
解析:
选C 推理判断题。
文章倒数第二段告诉我们,addiction和pulsion的区别就是内在的动机不同,如addiction是为了一时的快乐,而pulsion则是为了避免不好的结果。
因此选C。
★9.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardspulsion?
A.Objective.B.Negative.
C.Doubtful.D.Cautious.
解析:
选A 观点态度题。
通读全文可知,作者只是客观地讲述了强迫症的特点和影响,所以A项符合语境。
C
(xx·江苏省高考名校联考)Thenumberofwomentakingmaternityleave(产假)intheUnitedStateshasnotchangedoverthelasttwodecades,accordingtoanewstudy,evenasthenationaleconomyhasgrownandnewfamilyleavepolicieshavebeenimplementedinthreestates.
StudyauthorJayZagorskysayshebeganlookingintomaternityleaveratesaftertwoofhisniecesgavebirtharoundthesametimelastyear.“Onegotanamazingpackage—fullpayforafewmonths—andtheotherhadtocobble(拼凑)togethervacationandsicktime,”hesays.“Iwasastonished.”
“Ididalittleresearch,andtherewerenonumbers,”headded.“Thegovernmenttrackswhichemployersprovidematernityleave,butnoonehascalculatedhowmanypeopleareusingit.”Zagorskywastroubledtofindnoincreaseovertime,consideringresearchthatshowshowbeneficialitcanbe—forbothparentsandnewborns—tospendtimetogether.Givingmotherstimeofffromworktobondwithnewbabieshasbeenshowntoimprovethephysicalandmentalhealthofmothers,reducecesareandeliveries,saveinfants'livesandencouragebreastfeeding,thestudynotes.
Overthe22yearstudy,theUSeconomygrewby66%,andthegrossdomesticproductrosefrom$9.9trillionto$16.4trillionayear.Duringthattime,Califo