英语语法2-Negation用法.ppt

英语语法2-Negation用法.ppt

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NegationNegation1.否定的主要表示法否定的主要表示法1）明示否定明示否定a）用neither,never,no,nobody,none,nor,nothing,nowhere等词或disapproval,homeless,unable,uncommunicative,unconcerned,uneasy,unfit,unformed,unfriendly,unlike,unmentioned,unnaturally,unnoticed,unoccupied,unpleasant,unquestioning,unread,untouched,unwarrantable,unwarranted,unwillingness,unwise等带否定词缀的词表示.Eg:

1.Nobodycouldpossiblybreathethisandsurvive.2.Shehaseatennothingtoday.3.Myglassesarenowheretobefound.4.Helookedatmewithanairofdisapproval.5.Thewholeprocesswasratheranunpleasantexperience.6.Thenarrowsunlesshallsmelledunpleasantlyofstalecabbage.B）用用atnocost,bynomeans,onnoaccount,undernocircumstances等词组等词组.eg:

1.Heisbynomeansthebeststudentinourclass.2.Onnoaccountshouldyouleaveyoursix-year-oldaloneathome.2）暗示否定暗示否定:

用暗含否定的词、词用暗含否定的词、词组、句子表示否定的概念。

组、句子表示否定的概念。

A）运用词汇手段i）动词:

bewilder,deny,doubt,escape,exclude,fail,ignore,lack,miss,reject,refuse,resist,wonder.Eg:

1）Thedoorrefusestoshut.2）Imsorry,yournameescapesme.3）Thewindow,althoughclosed,cannotexcludestreetnoise.ii）名词名词absence,denial,failure,freedom,ignorance,lack,refusal,reluctance,want,zeroEg:

1）Intheabsenceofadequateproof,wecantcometoanyconclusion.2）Thereisawantofconfidenceinhim.3）Theriskswereclosetozero.iii）形容词形容词,如如absent,different,free,ignorant,little,reluctant等等.1.Hesbeenabsentfromclasstwoweeks.2.Imfreetomorrow.Letsgototheconcert.3.Wetendtobereluctanttogiveourfellowsthewarmsunshineofpraise.iv）介词介词above,against,beneath,beyond,but,except,off,out,past,without1）Twoofusareagainsttheplan.2）Hewasbeyondanypretension.3）Thepatientsconditionispasthope.v）副词副词barely,hardly,poorly,rarely,scarcely,seldom1）Tonywassotiredthathecouldhardlykeepawakeatdinner.2）Mybosstreatedmepoorly.vi）连词连词ratherthan,unless1）Theshoesarecomfortableratherthanpretty.2）Shewontbeoperatedonunlessnecessary.b）运用短语手段运用短语手段i）动词短语:

brushaside,differfrom,fallshort（of）,keepfrom/off,losesightof容易忘记做,makelightof不当回事,preferto,protectfrom,refrainfrom,stopfrom1）Hebrushedasidetheirthanks.2）Thearrowfellshort.3）Keepoffthewetpaint.ii）形容词短语形容词短语clearof/from,farfrom,freeof/from,shortof,foreignto1）Asheisnowclearofdebt,heneedntworkextrahours.2）Nobodyinthevillagelockstheirdoors.Thevillageissaidtobefreeofthieves.3）Selfishnessisforeigntohernature.iii）介词短语介词短语ataloss,atoneswitsend,beneathonesnotice,invain,offonesguard,outofthequestion1）Imatalosswhattosay.2）Theirvictoryisoutofthequestion;theyvelosttoomanymen.3）Theytriedinvaintoconvinceme.iv）其他短语或词组其他短语或词组anythingbut,fewandfarbetween,insteadof,leastofall,letalone,otherthan,stillless,更不用说thelast,tosaynothing1）Idliketodoanythingbutwashingup.2）HewasthelastpersonIexpectedtosee.3）Theycantread,stilllesswrite.c）运用句子手段运用句子手段i）修饰性疑问句：

在形式上是肯定疑问句，语义上表达强调的否定概念。

1）Iknowitswrongtodothat,buthowcanIhelpit?

2）Whatstheuseofwritingtohim?

Hesblind.ii）非真实条件句1）IfonlyIknewhim.2）IwishIcouldgowithyou.3）JohnwouldstillbedoingtheworkbutforEdshelp.iii）习惯用法Catchmedoingthat.ForallIcare.iv）在tooto/for句型中Hishandsaretoobigforthegloves.Theteaistoohottodrink.v）比较级1）workismorethananecessity.2）Doctorsshouldknowbetterthantodistortfactsandmisleadpatients.3）Thefillingstationmanlookedsurprisedmorethanfrightened.4）Thefoodismorethanwecaneat.vi）含有before引出的副词从句中1）HeleftbeforeIhadtimetoaskhisname.2）Hewoulddiebeforehewouldbetrayhiscountry.2.否定词否定词的否定范围的否定范围1）主句中的否定词有时否定主句，有时否定从句；判定这种否定，主要靠上下文。

试比较：

Hedidntcomebecausehelosthisway.Idontteachbecauseteachingiseasyforme.TeachingisthemostdifficultofthevariouswaysIhaveattemptedtoearnmyliving.vii）用委婉肯定表达含蓄否定用委婉肯定表达含蓄否定AllmusicisaliketoTom.Shelivedanddiedavirgin.2）Not和和all,both,everyone,everything一一起起使使用用，通通常常不不表表示示完完全全否否定定，而而表表示示部部分分否否定定（PartialNegation）。

Allhischildrenarenotatschool.Idontknowewverythingabouther.Bothboysarenotclever.3）表示完全否定（FullNegation）要用no,neither,none,nothing,notany等，以上两句none和nothing即可改为完全否定句。

试比较：

Noneofhischildrenareatschool.Iknownothingabouther.4）not和believe,except,feel,reckon,imagine,suppose,think等动词一齐使用，后面带有作宾语的名词从句时，常有否定转移现象，即否定宾语从句的否定词not转移到主句谓语动词前面。

例如：

Idontbelieveheistellingthetruth.HedoesntthinkAnnisfitforthejob.3.无否定意义的否定句无否定意义的否定句有些句型、词组和句子虽然带有否定词却表示肯定含义。

句型，有cantbut,canthelp,canttoo,nosoonerthan,notuntil等。

例如：

Youcantbetoocarefulwithyourwork.NosoonerhadIenteredtheclassroomthanthebellrang.词组，有innotime,noneotherthan,nobody/nothingbut等。

例如：

Illbebackinnotime.Motherwantsnothingbutpeace.3）双重否定（DoubleNegation）：

句中两个否定成分相互抵消，表示肯定意义。

例如：

Notallofusdislikethefilm.Hedidntdenythechargesagainsthim.Thedoctorsleftnostoneunturnedintheirattempttosavethechild.Wearenevertoooldtolearn.