英语辩论稿范本北京外国语大学英语专业议会制辩论.docx

英语辩论稿范本北京外国语大学英语专业议会制辩论.docx

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英语辩论稿范本北京外国语大学英语专业议会制辩论

DEBATES

THISHOUSEBELIEVESTHATHOUSEWIVESSHOULDBEPAIDFORTHEIRWORK

Housewivesareentitledtopay

Thephilosophicalbasisofentitlementforpayisderivedfromthenotionthatifsomethingcomesintobeingastheproductofanindividual’slabor,thenthatindividualisentitledtotheprofitandbenefitofsuchaproductbecauseitsexistencewasresultantofthatindividual’slabor[1].Thatinthiscasethelaborisonservicesdoesnotmakeanydifference,theproductofthehousewife’slaboristhatthechildrenarelookedafteranddomesticmattersareallsorted.Thisisbeneficialtosocietyashousewivesinadditiontohelpingtheirownfamilyarelikelytohavethetimetohelpoutothers–throughvolunteering,throughlookingafterother’schildrenafterschooletc.

Itisestimatedthatthevalueofahousemaker’sserviceswouldbeequivalenttoapproximately£30,000peryear[2].Inthesamewaythatanyproductorserviceiscreated,offeredormanufacturedbyindividualworkers,theservicesofhome-keepingaredeliveredbythelaborofthehome-keeper.Justasallworkersareentitledtoremunerationforthegoodsandservicestheycreate,soisahousewifeissoentitledforthehouse-keepingservicestheyoffer.

Notalllaborisrewardedwithwagesorpaydespitethefactthatgoodsandservicesareproductsofsaidlabor.Forexample,voluntaryandcharityworkarebothtypesoflaborthatisnotpaid.Thedistinctioniswheretheworkisdoneandtheobligationsowedtopeopleasaresult.Home-keepingisavoluntaryjobthathasitsownformsofremuneration（familyconnectionsetc.）inthesamewaythatvolunteeringandcharityworkdo（e.g.feelingasthoughyouarepartofsomethinglarger）.

Payinghousewivespromotesmorepositiveimagesofwomenandfamilylife

Genderstereotypesdictatethatthewoman’splaceisinthehomeandthatthatisaninferiorpositioninthesocialhierarchythanthatofthemale’scorporatebread-winnerstatus.Thestereotypeisparticularlydamagingtowomen’sexpectationsforthemselvesandthewaysocietytreatswomen.

Bypayinghousewivesfortheirwork,agreateremphasisisplacedontheroleofthehome-keeperandonthewomenthattendtothisjob.Itelevatesthepositionofwomeninthehouseholdbyeconomicallyempoweringthemandgivingthemtheverythingthatusuallyimpliesthegreaterimportanceofthebread-winnersinthefamily（economicpowerandstatus）.Moreover,itelevatessocietalviewsofhousewivesandhome-keepersbyvaluingtheircontributionstothehouseholdandsocietyinatangible,monetarywaythatsocietycaresabout.

Payinghousewivesfortheirworkgrantsgreatersocialstatusandpowertowomenandfamilylives,whichimprovesviewsofwomenandtherolestheytakeinthefamily.

Payinghousewiveswouldnotmakemuchdifferencetoimagesofwomenandfamilylife,andcouldevenmakethingsworseratherthanbetter.Bypayinghousewives,monetizingthepositionofhousewifeandhome-keeper,thestatere-affirmstheideathattheonlytruevalueapersoncanholdisaneconomiconeandthattheonlywaytoassessandquantifythevalueofanindividualortheirimpactisthroughfinancialmeans.Re-enforcingsuchafinancial-centricversionofworthandvalueisdangeroustohousewives,who,byanyreasonableexpectation,willnevermakeasmuchasprivate-sectorprofessionalssuchasCEOs.Itsimplyre-enforcestheinferiorityofhouse-keepingandtheroleofthefamilyunitinsociety.

Thispaygapsimplyre-affirmsprejudiceandbiasoftheinferiorityofhome-keepingasaprofessionandgivestangibleevidencetosupportthisbyplacingamonetaryvalueonwhathousewivesdoandinevitablynotincludingthenon-monetarybenefits,suchasthechildrenhavingtheirmothertotakethemhomefromschool.

Keepingadivisionbetweenthemoney-ledeconomicworldandthelove-drivenfamilyworldisbeneficialtothefamilydynamicandtheperceptionsofallthoseinvolved.

Payinghousewivesfortheirworkisanimportantformofeconomicempowerment.

Oneofthemostimportantfactorsofoppressionofwomen’srights,particularlyinthedevelopingworld,isdependence[1].Womenareoftenconfinedtothehomebyforce,lackofopportunityorsocialstigma,onbehalfoftheirhusbands.Whensheisnotpaid,ahousewifemustrelyonherhusbandformoney,especiallyifshehaschildrensheisexpectedtotakecareof.Economicempowermentallowsfurtherfreedomforwomenincountrieswherewomenareconfinedtothehome[2].Bymakingwomeneconomicactors,youempowerthemtoengageindifferentsocialstructuresandholdastakeandpositioninthecentresofeconomicpower.Thisisthemostempoweringtoolonecanofferwomeninmostcountriesaroundtheworld[3].

Bypayinghousewivesfortheirwork,youofferoneofthemostpowerfulformsofsocialempowermentforwomenaroundtheworld.

Itishighlyunlikelythatthiscanbeimplementedinanycountrywherefemaleempowermentisasrestrictedasisdiscussed.Ifwomenareasdependentandoppressedasthepropositionsuggests,thepoliticalwilltopasssuchlegislationwillnotexist.Evenifalawwerepassed,thepaywouldbeverylow,andsothewifewouldstillrelyonthehusband’sincome.

Paymentandobligationworksdifferentlyinpublicandinprivate.

Theeconomicsphereandtheprivate（family）spherehaveseparateobligationsandsystemsofcontracts.Thewayinwhichtheeconomicsystemworksisthatgenerallypeoplearepaidfortheirlaborbythosewhobenefitfromit,eitherdirectlyorindirectly.Thisisamutualrelationshipofmonetary-laborexchange.Inthefamilysphere,thecontractsarebasedonpersonalobligationandthefamilyunitasopposedtoindividualcontractionofservices.Thefamilyunitisapre-existingrelationshipnotcreatedonlabor-payagreements.Individualsoptintobeingaparentinafamilyunitonavoluntarybasisandwithnoexpectationorpretenceofreturnfortheirservices,exceptperhapsfromtheirchildreninthefuture.Remunerationiscreatedintheformofafunctioning,rewardingfamilyunitandfamilylifeandtheproductsandservicesproducedareofnoquantifiablemonetaryvaluenorcantheybesoldordotheycreatewealth.Becausehousewivesdonotlaborforanybodyoutsideoftheirhousehold,theyshouldnotbepaidbyanybodyoutsideoftheirfamily.Moreovermostoftheworkthathousewivesdowouldhavetobedonebyamemberofthefamilyunitregardlessofwhethereveryonewasalsoengagedinmonetizedwork–therewouldstillneedtobewashing,cleaning,shoppingetcdone.

Housewivesdonotexistasworkersintheeconomicsphereastheydonotcreateamonetizedproductwiththeirlaborandoptintotheagreementonvoluntarynon-monetarybases.Assuch,theyarenotentitledtopay.

Thejobofhousewivesprovidesanessentialservicetosociety—toraiseahealthyfamily—andsothosewhoperformthejobshouldbepaid.Evenifaproductorserviceisnoteconomicallyquantifiable,thepersonwhoprovidesitmayhavecreatedsomethingthatotherwisewouldnotexistthroughtheexertionoftheirlabor.Moreover,simplybecausetheyneverhadanoptiontooptintoamonetizedagreementorexchangedoesnotmeanthattheydonotdeservesuchanoptioninthefutureorthattheirservicesarenoteconomicallyvaluable,andthus,entitlesthemtowages.

Payinghousewivesreducessocialmobility

Bypayinghousewivesfortheirwork,youcreatenegativestereotypesaboutfamiliesandwomenbycommodifyingtheroleofhome-keeper.Payinghousewivesfortheirworkre-enforcestheveryframeworkthatisseenasoppressiveonhome-keepers.Itcreatesasysteminwhichwomenareevenmorestronglyexpectedtobehousewivesthantheyarenow,ratherthanseekingoutcareerjobswithupwardmobility.Theresultisthatwomenarediscouragedfromseekingtofulfiltheirowndreamsbycreatingtheirowncareersastheyaremorefirmlychainedtotheirtraditionalrole.Thisisdamagingtosocietalviewsofwomenandthefamily.

Asaresultthefullpotentialofmanymorewomenwillnotbereached.AsisthecaseinSaudiArabiawomenarelikelytobeverywelleducatedbutthenhavetheireducationandtalentswastedbybeingexpectedtoremaininthehome.[1]Thiswouldneitherbegoodfortheindividualsinvolvedortheeconomyasawhole.

Payinghousewivesawagewouldimprovenotreducesocialmobility.Manywomenwouldstillchoosetogotouniversityandthevastmajoritywhodowillstillwanttowork.Payinghousewiveswillnotpreventanywomenwhowantstoworkfromworking.Ratheritwillsimplyprovideanotheroptionforthosewhowishtodevotethemselvesfulltimetotheirfamily.Thiswillgivethesewomensomefinancialfreedomgivingthemmoreopportunitiestoeducatethemselvesandtheirchildrensothattheycangetabetterjobthantheyotherwisewouldwhentheynolongerwishtojustbeahousewife.

Payinghousewivesisfinanciallyimpractical.

Anarticleinapopularonlinenewspaperquestionedhowonecouldputapricetagonhouseholdwork.“Doesshegetpaidextraforcookingupanelaboratebirthdaydinner,asopposedtodishinguptheusualdalchawal?

”ActivistMayaJohnprovidesadifferentsolutioninheropinionpieceinTheHindu,“Insteadofaskingamantopayhiswifeforherdomesticwork,thestatemustcreatejobsforwomenoutsidethehomeinordertotrulyempowerthem.”

Sadhguru:

Themostbasicstructureofthesocialunitisthefamily.Fortunatelysofar,thegovernmenthashadthewisdomtostayaway,keeptheirhandsoffthefamily,becausetheyknowtheywillmessitup.Butitlookslikenowtheywanttoenteryourfamilyintheguiseofgivingjusticetowomen.Youneedtounderstandone