从《南方与北方》看英国工业革命时期女性自我意识的觉醒.docx

从《南方与北方》看英国工业革命时期女性自我意识的觉醒.docx

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从《南方与北方》看英国工业革命时期女性自我意识的觉醒

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摘要：

十八世纪下半叶和十九世纪,一场影响深远的经济大革命把世界带入了工业时代。

随着工业革命的发展，带来的不仅仅是经济的发展，还有女性自我意识的觉醒。

通过对改编自英国著名女作家盖斯凯尔夫人的小说《南方与北方》的研究分析，以玛格丽特的成长历程和恋爱波折为例，着重探究工业革命对维多利亚时期女性的自我意识发展所带来的深远影响,挖掘工业革命所带来的社会意义，从而全面了解妇女解放的历史。

由女主人公的成长与先前女性的遭遇形成的对比来体现出工业革命带来的女性经济独立，婚姻自由，能力提升和思想进步，体现了女性自我意识的得益于工业革命的发展。

关键词：

南方与北方自我意识觉醒工业革命

Abstract：

Inthesecondhalfofthe18thcenturyandthe19thcentury,aprofoundeconomicrevolutionbroughttheworldintotheindustrialage.ThedevelopmentoftheIndustrialRevolutionhavebroughtnotonlytheeconomicgrowthbutalsotheawakeningofwomen’sself-consciousness.BasedontheanalysisofMargaret’sgrowthexperienceandlovestory,thefar-reachingimpactoftheIndustrialRevolutiononthedevelopmentofVictorianwomen’sself-consciousnessandthesocialsignificanceareexplored,soastofullyunderstandthehistoryofwomen’sliberation.Thecontrastbetweenthegrowthoftheheroineandthepreviouspoisonedofwomenshowstheeconomicindependence,freedomofmarriage,improvementofabilityandideologicalprogressbroughtbytheIndustrialRevolution.Itconcludesthattheawakeningofwomen’sself-consciousnessbenefitsfromthedevelopmentoftheIndustrialRevolution.

Keywords:

NorthandSouththeawakeningofself-consciousnesstheIndustrialRevolution

CONTENTS

1.Introduction

Women’sself-consciousnessstartsfromtheirownfeelingsandexperiences,andformsaseriesofunderstandingsofthemselvesandtheexternalworldafterthinkingabouttheirownexistenceandessence.Althougheachfemaleindividualduetodifferentlifeexperience,wayofthinkingandotheraspectsoftheformationofagreatvarietyoffemaleself-consciousness.However,thisconsciousnesswasformedintheprocessofwomenexploringthenatureofhumanfreedom.Duetotheuniquephysiologicalstructureandspecialpositionofwomen,herself-consciousnessisdifferentfromthatofmen.Intheprocessofpursuingfreedom,shealsoshowedheruniquewayofemphasizingphysiologicalfeeling,emotionalfeelingandtenacity.Thedevelopmentoftheseconsciousnessispresentedtousthroughthecarrierofwomen’sliterature.Thecreatorofthisfilmisfemale,whichreflectsthefemaleconsciousnessandexploresthesurvivalsituationandspiritualliberationofwomen.

Sincethe1970s,domesticandforeignscholarshaveneverstoppedtheirresearchonwomen’sself-consciousness.Theirresearchresultshaveemergedoneafteranotherandtheirresearchperspectivesandmethodsarealsoconstantlychanging.

InIvyPinchbeck’sbookWomenWorkersandtheIndustrialRevolution1750-1850（IvyPinchbeck,1969）,thechangesinthestatusofwomeninfactorieswerestudied.Theauthorpointedoutthatduringthisperiod,thestatusofwomenchanged,thatis,theself-sufficientnaturaleconomygraduallywentbankrupt,andthecottageindustryshiftedtofactoryworkorotherwageworkoutsidethefamily.However,inthelatestageoftheindustrialrevolution,socialtraditionsandtechnologicalprogresscausedashort-termdeclineinwomen’semployment.Thisisofgreatsignificancetotheawakeningofwomen’sself-consciousness.InthebookofBritishWomenintheNineteenthCentury,Kathrynshowsthatalthoughtheprocessofwomenstruggleforjobopportunitiesorpoliticalpowerisextremelydifficult,theyhaveself-awareness,fromfamilytosociety,andfromspontaneoustoconsciouspursuitoftheirowneconomicandpoliticalstatusinthestruggle,whichiscrucialtothetransformationofwomen’ssocialroles（KathrynGleadle,2001）.Thesevividcasesintheseresearchresultswillprovideimportanthelpforthewritingofthisarticle.Thepapercanmoresystematicallyseethechangingprocessofwomen’srolesduringtheindustrialrevolution,whichcanapproachthehistoricaltruthascloselyaspossible.

Manydomesticscholarshavealsouseddifferentliterarytheoriesandmethodstoanalyzetheawakeningofwomenduringtheindustrialrevolution.WhichalsoinjectedvitalityintothestudyofcontemporaryChinesewomen’shistory.MaYing’sIndustrialRevolutionandBritishWomendiscussesinmoredetailthechangesinthelife,workandideologicalsituationoftheupper,middleandlowerclasswomeninBritainduringtheindustrialrevolution（Ma,1993）.Theauthorhasconductedamorein-depthdiscussionontherelationshipbetweentheindustrialrevolutionandthechangesinthesocialstatusofBritishwomen,andbelievesthatwomen’sparticipationinsocialworkoutsidethefamilycontributedgreatlytotheeconomicdevelopmentofBritainatthattime.

Tosumup,historiansathomeandabroadhavediscussedthesituationofwomenduringtheBritishIndustrialRevolutionfrommacroandmicroperspectives,providingvaluableexperienceforourresearch.Atpresent,theresearchresultslackdetailedandsystematicresearchonthisissue,whichcannotfullyreflectthehistoricalprocessofwomen’sgradualtransformationfromfamilytosocialworker.Theinnovationofthisarticleliesinthecombinationofplentifulfilmimagesandtheanalysisofwomenintheoverallsocialbackgroundfromindividualcharactersexperience.

2.AnAnalysisoftheAuthorandHeroines

Theheroine'sawakeningofself-consciousnessshownbytheauthorofthisfilmactuallyrepresentsherownemancipationofmind.Therefore,ananalysisoftheauthor'sgrowthandtheexperiencesofthetwomainheroinesisveryimportant.Throughtheawakeningofthethreewomen,thefar-reachingsignificanceoftheindustrialrevolutionfortheawakeningofself-consciousnesscanbemoreclearlyshown.

2.1TheauthorofNorthandSouth:

afeministpioneer

NorthandSouthisoneoftheseriesoffilmsadaptedfrommasterpieceswhichispushed-offbytheBBCin2004.ThestoryisadaptedfromthenovelofthesamenamebyMrs.Gaskell,awomanwriter.Mrs.Gaskellisanovelistinthelate20thcenturywhoplayanimportantroleofthestudyofVictoriaculture.Asaprominentandcontroversialfemalewriter,shehasgainedagreatconcernfromthecriticsandscholarsforhercrude.Shechoosestostateinhernovelharshandviolentelementsoftheindustrialurbancity.Mrs.Gaskell’sworkscanbebroadlydividedintotwocategories:

reflectingthelivingconditionsofworkersinBritain'sindustrialtownsandtheirstrugglewithfactoryowners.EventheliterarygiantCharlesDickenssays:

“...amongthelivingauthorsinVictoriaage,theonewhohashelpedmealotistheauthorofMaryBarton.”AsafemaleinVictoriaage,sheisaluckyone.UnlikeBrontëssistersandJaneAusten,shegetsmarriedandhasaveryhappyfamilylife;unlikeGeorgeEliot,shegetsherownbabiesandisahappymother.Sheexperiencesthelifeasamotherandwifeandrejecttheconservativeexplanationofwoman'sroleinthefamilyandsociety.

In the practice of artistic creation, theembodiment and deepening of the themeareoften closely linked with the author’s discovery andcharacters.The character intheworksis the playwright’s unique discovery of life. Every successful televisionartisticistheauthor's own ideal,thinkingaboutlifeandrichfeelings.OnlywhenMrs.GaskellanalyzesherlifeandfuseherfieryfeelingswiththefleshandbloodofthecharacterscansheendowsMargaretwithuniquelifeandmeaning.

Elizabeth Gaskell admits that there is a need for improvement in the individuallivesofwomen,butshedoesnotbelievethatchangesinlegalsystemareaneffectivemeanstoachieveit.Gaskell’s fictionpaysmoreattentiontothecomplex relationshipsbetweenwomen and men.She rejects  that men have moreauthority than women.Increatingofsuchapowerfulwomancharacter,Gaskell draws much on her beliefs andexperience.Theresemblancebetweenthemakerandhercreationisnocoincidence,whichrevealsElizabeth Gaskell as a new woman andherpersonalyearnforfreedom power and independence （Fang Lan,2014:

59）. In Mrs.Gaskell’s opinion, the development of feminist consciousness is an important feature toshowtheprogressof social civilization.It is also necessary to encourage women’sself-esteemandself-confidence in the process of social.Therehasastrongsenseoffemaleconsciousnessinherwork.Shebrokenthemythofmensavewomeninmanystory'sending.Instead,theroleofwomeninthetraditionalpatriarchalsocietyandthesocialorderareconflict,andtheforceofwomen’sindependenceshouldbebetterstrengthen.

2.2CharacteristicsofthetwomainwomeninNorthandSouth

The storyofNorth and Southtakes place in the 19th century. The IndustrialRevolutionbeganinthe1860s and has gradually reached its climax.Accordingtomanyresearches,Until the end of the 18th century,Britain was still acountryrelyonagriculturaleconomy.State power wascontrolledbylandholdersandnoblesinthesouth.The development of the industrial revolution hasbrought great changestoBritaininashortperiodoftime,breakingthestablepoliticalandeconomicstructureandsocialstructureof British society for thousands of years.Thepowerofemergingbourgeoisieincreasealot.Sothattheconflictofthisstorycomesfromthecollisionbetweenthetwogroups.Mrs.Thornton,representstheriseofthemiddleclassundermachineproduction.Sheisastrongwomanwhoraisedacoupleofchildrenofherown.AndMargaret,nurturedbyaristocraticlifeandeducation.Bothofthemshowingtheirpositivesideundertheinfluenceofthesocialenvironment.Theyalsopromotedeachother'sgrowth.

2.2.1Mrs.Thornton:

beingastrongwoman

Mr.Thornton'smother,Mrs.Thornton,isaveryvividcharacter.Althoughthereisnotmuchdescriptionofher,the progressofherawakeningasafemalecanstillbeseenfromtheside.

Mrs.Thorntonhasahighde