美国社会与文化课程第二章教学Chapter-2.-Traditional-American-Values-and-Beliefs.ppt

美国社会与文化课程第二章教学Chapter-2.-Traditional-American-Values-and-Beliefs.ppt

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TraditionalAmericanValuesandBeliefs,“Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness.”-TheDeclarationofIndependence,Discussion:

valuesinChina,社会主义核心价值观中国梦北京精神,Contents,1.contextoftraditionalAmericanvalues2.threepairsofvalues3.challengestoAmericanvalues4.theAmericandream,1.TheContextofTraditionalAmericanValues,Diversityorpluralisminracial,ethnic,cultural,andreligiousterms;Howcouldanationofsuchenormousdiversityproducearecognizablenationalidentity?

“WeallshareacommonsetofvaluesthatmakeusAmerican.”（JohnZogby）,2.TraditionalValues:

threepairs,2.1individualFreedomandSelf-Reliance2.2equalityofopportunityandcompetition2.3materialwealthandhardwork,2.1IndividualFreedomandSelf-Reliance,Individualfreedom（also“individualism”or“freedom”/“liberty”）:

amongthemostrespectedandpopularwordsintheU.S.DeclarationofIndependence,1776freedomfromthepowerofthekingsConstitution,1789separationofchurchandstateAlsoconstitutionforbiddingtitlesofnobility,Byfreedom,Americansmean:

Thedesireandtherightofallindividualstocontroltheirowndestinywithoutoutsideinterferencefromthegovernment,arulingnobleclass,thechurch,oranyotherorganizedauthority.,Self-reliancethepricetopayforfreedomTheyowenothingtoanyman,theyexpectnothingfromanyman;theyacquirethehabitofalwaysconsideringthemselvesasstandingalone,andtheyareapttoimaginethattheirwholedestinyisintheirownhands.（Tocqueville）Americanbooksandmovieshavemadeaheroofthepersonwhofightsthemajoritywillandtriestoaccomplishsomethinggoodindependently.Thepressuretobeatleastseenasself-reliant,2.2equalityofopportunityandcompetition,EqualityofopportunityEachindividualshouldhaveanequalchanceforsuccess.Lifeasaraceforsuccess;fairplay“We.wishtoallowthehumblestmananequalchancetogetrichwitheverybodyelse.Whenonestartspoor,asmostdointheraceoflife,freesocietyissuchthatheknowshecanbetterhiscondition;heknowsthatthereisnofixedconditionoflaborforhiswholelife.”（Lincoln）,Thepricecompetitionideasofwinnersvs.losersPressuresofcompetitionCompetitivesportsinschoolsandcommunitygroupsConstantemotionalstrainolderpeoplehavinglesshonorandrespect,2.3materialwealthandhardwork,MaterialwealthTohaveabetterlifethemostcompellingreasonformanyimmigrantstoleavetheirhomeland“goingfromragstoriches”asloganforthe“AmericanDream”ReasonswhymaterialwealthisimportanttomostAmericans:

AsubstituteforjudgingsocialstatusinthenewcountryPuritanworkethicsmaterialsuccessasgodly,PricehardworkhardworkasapreconditionforbecomingrichGovernmentwelfareprogramsregardedasnecessary,butnotadmiredwelfarevs.workfareU.S.theonlydevelopedcountrywithnouniversalhealthcarecoverage,3ChallengestoAmericanvalues,3.1Expansionoffreedomandself-reliance3.2EqualityofResultsvs.equalityofopportunity3.3Globalizationandmaterialwealth,3.1Expansionoffreedomandthechallengetoself-reliance,TraditionalideasoffreedomlargelyinpoliticalandlegaltermsIdeaofeconomicrights:

governmentshouldprovideeconomicbenefitsforU.S.citizensControversial,leadingtotheso-calledvaluesdivide,TwosidesofthevaluesdivideConservatives/RepublicansTheprovisionofeconomicbenefitshastheeffectoferodingthevalueofself-relianceasitmakestheAmericanpeopledependentonthegovernmentfortheirstandardofliving.Liberals/DemocratsGovernmentguaranteeofeconomicrightsbroadensandimprovesthetraditionalideaoffreedom.,Morecontroversiesovernon-economicareasRightsofprisonersRightsofterroristsRightsofillegalimmigrants,3.2EqualityofResultsvs.equalityofopportunity,“Affirmativeaction”programs,promotingequalityofresultsAimedatmakingupforpastdiscriminationagainstminoritiesadincreasingracialandethnicdiversityincollegeOpponents:

thispreferentialtreatmentconstitutes“reversediscrimination”againstthedominantormajoritygroupandunderminesthevaluesofbothequalityofopportunityandcompetition.,3.3Globalizationandmaterialwealth,Globalizationandtheoutsourcingofhigh-payingmanufacturingandevenservicejobsRisingcostinhealthcare,healthinsurance,housing,andtuition,4.TheAmericanDream,Inspiteofallthechangesinthenationspopulation,economy,andculture,thebehaviorsandvaluesofAmericanshaveremainedremarkablyconstant.Idealsvs.realityDespitethedistinctionbetweentheidealsandthereality,mostAmericansstillbelieveintheAmericanDream.,Americandreamvs.Chinadream,Similar?

Different?

Mutualinfluence?

Sum-up,Thesixbasicvaluesindividualfreedom,self-reliance,equalityofopportunity,competition,mater