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版高考英语北师大版限时规范练22必修4Unit11B

限时规范练22（必修4　Unit11B）

核心素养关键词:

培养学生人与科学、学习伟大科学家的思维意识

　限时规范练第44页　 

一、阅读理解

A

GeorgeWashingtonCarverwasbornsometimeintheearlymid-1860s.Asicklychild,Carverwasunabletoworkinthefields,sohedidgardening.Hewasleftwithmanyfreehourstowalkinthewoods—beginninghiscareerwithnature.Hesoonbecameknownasthe“PlantDoctor”andwouldhelpfriendsandneighborsmanagesickplants.

In1890,CarverbegantostudymusicandartatSimpsonCollege.Hisartworkwasonshowatthe1893World’sFair.Paintinggavehimthechancetocombinehistwoloves—artandnature.Yetitwashistalentsforgardeningthattookhiminanotherdirectionin1891.CarverbecamethefirstAfrican-AmericantoattendwhatistodayIowaStateUniversity.Heprovedtobeafirst-classstudentandupongraduationhebecametheschool’sfirstAfrican-Americanteacher.

In1896,hereceivedaninvitationfromTuskegeeNormalandIndustrialSchoolinTuskegee,Alabama.Uponarriving,hefoundthattheschoolwasshortofmoneysoDr.Carverhadtoequiphisownlab.Heandhisstudentswouldsearchtrashheaps（垃圾堆）forthingstouse.ThisprovedthatDr.Carverwaswellaheadofhistime.

In1916,hepublishedaresearchreportonpeanuts,whichhelpedmanyfarmersturntopeanutsasacashcropandsavedtheeconomyoftheSouthwhenitwasdestroyedbythecottoninsectsattack.Carvercontinuedhisresearchwiththepeanut.Hewentontofindmanyusesforthepeanut.Buthedidn’tinventpeanutbutter（花生酱）.

Dr.Carver’sresearchearnedhimmuchworldwidepraise.Dr.GeorgeWashingtonCarverdiedonJanuary5,1943,andwasburiedatTuskegee.CarvercontributedhiswholelifesavingstoTuskegee.Uponhisdeath,FranklinD.Rooseveltgavehimthistitle“aninspiringexampletoyoutheverywhere”.

【篇章导读】本文是记叙文。

文章介绍了植物学家GeorgeWashingtonCarver的生平。

1.HowwasCarver’schildhood?

A.Hedreamedofbeingadoctor.

B.Hegrewcropsinthefields.

C.Heenjoyedgoodhealth.

D.Hetookupgardening.

答案D

解析细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“hedidgardening”可知,GeorgeWashingtonCarver年少时料理花园。

2.HowwasCarver’sperformanceduringhiseducation?

A.Bad.B.Strange.

C.Ordinary.D.Excellent.

答案D

解析推理判断题。

根据第二段中的“Heprovedtobeafirst-classstudent”可知,GeorgeWashingtonCarver在学校表现出色。

3.WhatdoweknowaboutCarver’slifeinTuskegeeNormalandIndustrialSchool?

A.Hewaswellpaidbytheschool.

B.Hereliedonhimselftobuildhislab.

C.Hesavedmoneybypickinguptrash.

D.Hepublishedhisfindingsaheadoftime.

答案B

解析细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“Uponarriving,hefoundthattheschoolwasshortofmoneysoDr.Carverhadtoequiphisownlab”可知,GeorgeWashingtonCarver所在的学校没有足够的资金,因此他依靠自己的力量来建立实验室。

4.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCarver’sreportonpeanuts?

A.Itmadeacontributiontotheeconomy.

B.Itincludednewfindingsonpeanutbutter.

C.Itpreventedpeanutsfrominsectsattacking.

D.Ithelpedfarmersfindmanyotherusesofpeanuts.

答案A

解析推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段中的“In1916,hepublishedaresearchreportonpeanuts,whichhelpedmanyfarmersturntopeanutsasacashcropandsavedtheeconomyoftheSouth”可知,GeorgeWashingtonCarver的研究拯救了当时南方的经济危机。

B

InthepastfewweeksRichardEckersleyhasnoticedachangeinpeoplewhocomeintohisshop.ThepreviousManchesterUnitedfootballer,whoturnedhisbackonthegametosetuptheUK’sfirst“zerowaste”storeonTotnesHighStreetinDevon,saysitisnolongeronlyenvironmentalistswhocamein,lookingforacleanerwaytoshop.“Alotofnewpeoplearecomingin.Wearegettingcallseveryweekfromaroundthecountryfrompeoplewantingtosetupsomethingsimilarintheirtowns,”saysEckersley,whosetuptheEarth.Food.LoveshopwithhiswifeNicolainMarch2017.

Morethan200milesaway,IngridCaldironisharestheenthusiasm.Shesetuptheplastic-freeBulkMarketineastLondon.“Wehavehadanamazingresponse,”shesays.EckersleyandCaldironiareattheheadofananti-plasticmovementintheUKthathasbeenfuelledbynewspaperinvestigationsincludingTheGuardian’sBottlingItseriesandTheBluePlanettelevisionseries.

Buttheirenthusiasmisnotsharedbybigsupermarkets,whichhavenointerestinreducingtheirplasticwaste.“Foranationofshopkeeperswearefallingbehindinthisrace,”saysSianSutherland,founderofthecampaignAPlasticPlanetwhichledthecallsforplastic-freegoodsshelves.Wanderingthroughsupermarketswhereeverythingiscoveredinplastic,Sutherlandsaysactionratherthanwordsisneeded.Herco-founderFrederikkeMagnussenexplainstheoriginsoftheircampaign.“Itstartedwithtwounreasonablewomenwhowantedchoice—andsupermarketsareallaboutchoice,right?

Icanbuysugar-free,fat-free,Africanfood,Asianfood,yetifIwanttobuyplastic-freeitisimpossibleformetodoso.”

Eckersleysays,“AfterWillow,mydaughter,wasborn,itmademethinkaboutwhatfutureliesaheadforher.IwantedtosaythatIatleasttried,andIwantedtomakeadifference.”

【篇章导读】本文是新闻报道。

文章报道了Eckersley的环保商店以及很多像他一样的人为减少白色污染而做出的努力。

5.WhathashappenedtoRichardEckersley’sbusiness?

A.Ithasspreadworldwide.

B.Itisattractinglargenumbersofcustomers.

C.Ithasreceivedmanycomplaintsaboutitsgoods.

D.Itisfacingfiercecompetitionfromothersimilarstores.

答案B

解析细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“Alotofnewpeoplearecomingin”可知,RichardEckersley的商店吸引了众多消费者。

6.WhatdoweknowaboutIngridCaldironi?

A.Shelostmoneyonherbusiness.

B.Shebuiltaplastic-freestoreinDevon.

C.Shehadlittleinterestinwastereduction.

D.Shetookpartinananti-plasticmovement.

答案D

解析细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“EckersleyandCaldironiareattheheadofananti-plasticmovementintheUK”可知,Caldironi加入了抵制塑料制品的运动中。

7.Howhavebigsupermarketsreactedtotheplastic-freeidea?

A.Theyaregivinguptheiroriginalideas.

B.Theyareofferingmorechoice.

C.Theyshowlittleconcernforit.

D.Theysupportit.

答案C

解析细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“Buttheirenthusiasmisnotsharedbybigsupermarkets,whichhavenointerestinreducingtheirplasticwaste”可知,大超市对抵制塑料制品的做法并不关心。

8.WhatledtothecampaignAPlasticPlanet?

A.Customers’needforplastic-freegoods.

B.Plasticcoveringsinsupermarkets.

C.TheBluePlanettelevisionseries.

D.RichardEckersley’sstore.

答案A

解析细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段中的“Itstartedwithtwounreasonablewomenwhowantedchoice”可知,APlasticPlanet运动来源于顾客对无塑料制品的需求。

二、完形填空

Iwasasingleparent,raisingmyfour-year-oldsonDanielinPerth,Australiawithallmyfamilybasedontheothersideofthecountry.　1　thesupportofmysisters,aunties,unclesorgrandparents,beingonmyownwasterribly　2　.Becausemyson’sfatherlivedinPerth,Icouldn’tmovetolivewithmyfamily.　3　Daniel’sfatherdidn’tseehimoften,itwasimportantforhimtobegeographicallyclosetohisdad.Moneywastight,andwithalmostno　4　,Ioftenfelt　5　andhopeless. 

Onenight,afterabusydayatwork,IracedtoDaniel’schildcarecentreto　6　himontime.Afterdinner,wewentoutsidesoDanielcouldridehisbicycle.　7　hisBatmancostume,hewasenergeticashe　8　proudlythroughClaremonttowardstheriver.Atthesametime,Iwalkedalongsidefeelingweigheddown.Itriedtokeepacheerfulface,butinsideIwas　9　.Whenwegottotheriverwewalkeddownthepier（码头）.Therewasanolderman　10　attheendandIhadaslight　11　thatDanielwoulddisturbhis　12　andquietbymakingnoise,soItoldhimtobequiet.Aswe　13　,themanturned,smiledandasked,“How’sBatmanthisevening?

” 

Daniel　14　toldthemanthatBatmanwasgood,thanks,beforeaskingaboutthefish.I　15　goodbehavior,andhadbeenafraidwemightbedisturbingtheman.　16　Icouldn’thavebeenmorewrong.Thekindman　17　withmyson,andwatchingtheirconversationsmademyeyes　18　.Thislovelyoldgentlemanwasso　19　andtrulyinterestedinBatman,mylittleboy,thatIjustwantedtocry. 

Itwasjust　20　howthismangavemysonthetimeofday.Iwillalwaysbethankfulforthat. 

【篇章导读】本文是记叙文。

作者独自一人带孩子,因经济拮据,而且没有家人的支持与帮助,感到难过和孤独无助。

与一位善良的老人的邂逅点亮了作者艰难的一天,让作者的内心充满了感动与感激。

1.A.ExceptB.Without

C.ForD.Through

答案B

解析根据上文“withallmyfamilybasedontheothersideofthecountry”和下文“beingonmyown”可知,作者没有家人的帮忙,只能靠自己。

2.A.goodB.fun

C.hardD.simple

答案C

解析由该句中的“beingonmyown”以及下文中的“Ioftenfelt...hopeless”可知,“没有（Without）”家人的帮助和支持,独自一人带四岁的儿子是异常“艰难的（hard）”。

3.A.AlthoughB.Since

C.UnlessD.If

答案A

解析前后句之间表示让步关系,故用“尽管（Although）”。

4.A.troubleB.help

C.patienceD.change

答案B

解析由上文中的“asingleparent,...thesupportofmysisters”以及该空前的“Moneywastight”可知,“我”几乎没有任何“帮助（help）”。

5.A.calmB.young

C.specialD.unhappy

答案D

解析由该空后的hopeless以及下文中的“feelingweigheddown”可知,“我”经常感到“难过（unhappy）”和绝望。

6.A.returnB.follow

C.collectD.encourage

答案C

解析由该空前的“IracedtoDaniel’schildcarecentre”可知,在忙了一整天的工作后,“我”飞奔到托儿所去按时“接（collect）”Daniel。

7.A.WearingB.Hiding

C.SharingD.Controlling

答案A

解析由该空后的“hisBatmancostume”可知,Daniel“穿着（Wearing）”蝙蝠侠的衣服。

8.A.walkedB.drove

C.ranD.rode

答案D

解析由上文中的“wewentoutsidesoDanielcouldridehisbicycle”可知,Daniel自豪地“骑车（rode）”穿过Claremont,骑向河边。

9.A.warmB.broken

C.excitedD.free

答案B

解析由上文中的“feelingweigheddown”和“triedtokeepacheerfulface”以及由but引起的转折可知,“我”极力想露出笑脸,但是内心却感到“很悲伤（broken）”。

10.A.fishingB.boating

C.sailingD.swimming

答案A

解析由下一段中的“beforeaskingaboutthefish”可知,有一位老人在河边“钓鱼（fishing）”。

11.A.hopeB.chance

C.excuseD.worry

答案D

解析由下文中的“Danielwoulddisturbhis...andquietbymakingnoise”可知,“我”有些“担心（worry）”Daniel会发出噪音,打扰这位正在钓鱼的老人的安宁。

12.A.lifeB.peace

C.restD.view

答案B

解析由该空后的quiet可知,此处指“我”担心Daniel会打扰这位老人的“平静（peace）”和安宁。

13.A.turnedB.started

C.leftD.approached

答案D

解析由上文中的“wewalkeddownthepier”以及该空后的“themanturned,smiledandasked”可知,当我们“走近（approached）”时,这位老人转过身来,微笑着问Daniel:

“蝙蝠侠今晚可好?

”

14.A.embarrassedlyB.sadly

C.proudlyD.carelessly

答案C

解析由上文中的“hewasenergeticashe...proudlythroughClaremont”以及该空后的“toldthemanthatBatmanwasg