定语从句.docx

定语从句.docx

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定语从句

定语从句:

在主从复合句中，起到修饰限制名词或代词作用的从句。

Eg,thisisthephonethatIboughtyesterday.

先行词：

被修饰的词

关系词：

关系代词thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas

关系副词wherewhenwhy

关系代词thatwhichwhowhomwhose

That指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语，表语

Eg,Canyoulendmethebook（that）youborrowedfromthelibrary?

Eg,Afterthisheisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.

Eg,TheboysthatareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

Which指物在从句中作主语，宾语

Eg,footballisagamewhichislovedbymostboys.

Eg,thevasewhichyouboughtyesterdayseemsvaluable.

Who指人在从句中作主语，宾语

Eg.Doyouknowthepersonwhoisgivingthetalk?

Eg,themanwhoyoutalkedaboutyesterdayismyfather.

Whom指人在从句中作宾语

Eg,themanwhomyoumetjustnowismybrother.

Whose指人或物在从句中作定语

Eg,Iknowastudentwhosefatherisalawyer.

Eg,themanwhosearticlewaspublishedisverytalented.

关系副词wherewhenwhy

Where指地点在从句中作地点状语

Eg,wevisitedthefarmwhereourparentsworkedtenyearsago.

Eg,thehotelwherewestayedwasveryclean.

when指时间在从句中作时间状语

Eg,thathappenedonthedaywhenIsawyou.

Eg,Istillrememberthedaywhenwefirstmet.

Why指原因在从句中作原因状语

Eg,Isthatthereasonwhyherefusedourhelp?

Eg,thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedhisplane.

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词+关系代词”的结构。

该结构中的关系代词可用

Whichwhomwhose

简单介词+关系代词介词主要根据从句谓语的搭配，先行词与介词的搭配或句子意义而定。

Eg,Isthisthecarforwhichyoupaidahighprice?

Eg,hisglasses,withoutwhichhecouldseenothing,wastakenawaybyanaughtyboy.

Eg,thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.

短语介词+关系代词常用的短语介词有asaresultof,becauseof,incaseof等

Eg,hewasheldupintheheavytraffic,asaresultofwhichhewaslatefortheexam.

简单介词+关系代词+名词用于此结构的关系代词有Whichwhose。

介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义。

Eg,OnthewayhomeImetmyfriendJone,fromwhosehomethethiefhadstolenacomputer.

Eg,Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5;30p.m,bywhichtimemanypeoplehavegonehome.

The+名词+of+关系代词该结构表示所有关系，可用"whose+名词"或“of+关系代词+The+名词替换。

Eg,sheboughtadress,thepriceofwhich（whoseprice）isreallyhigh.

表示部分的词+of+关系代词关系代词指人用whom，指物用Which。

表示部分的词常有不定代词all,both,none等，数次，The+比较级/最高级以及many,most等。

Eg,lastnightwesawtwomovies,neitherofwhichwasinteresting.

Eg,therearetheregirlsintheroom,thetallestofwhomisTom'ssister.

Eg,Maryhastwobrothers,bothofwhomaredoctors.

Eg,thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%ofwhicharesoldabroad.

关系代词与关系副词的选择依据

Eg,thisisthefactorywhere（inwhich）heusedtowork.

Eg,thisisthefactorythat/whichIvisitedlastyear.

Eg,Isthisthemuseum（that/which）youvisitedafewdaysago?

Eg,Isthisthemuseumwheretheexhitionwasheld?

Eg,Ineverforgetthedayswhenwestayedtogether.

Eg,Ineverforgetthedays（that/which）wespenttogether..

Eg,thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedhisplane.

Eg,thereason（that/which）heexplainedatthemeetingwasthathemissedhisplane.

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

限制程度限制性定语从句不可或缺，去掉后主句意义不完整非限制性定语从句补充说明，，去掉后主句意义仍然明确。

句子结构限制性定语从句没有逗号非限制性定语从句有逗号分开

翻译方式限制性定语从句译成前置定语非限制性定语从句译成并列句

Eg,mybrotherwhois18thisyearjoinedthearmy.

Eg,mybrother,whois18thisyearjoinedthearmy.

Eg,lucy‘sboyfriendwhoiswaitingatclassroom6wantstotalkwithyou.

Eg,lucy‘sboyfriend,whoiswaitingclassroom6，wantstotalkwithyou.

Eg,lucywillnotwearanyclotheswhichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.

Lucy不会穿任何会使她看起来与众不同的衣服。

Eg,lucywillnotwearanyclothes,whichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.

Lucy不会穿任何衣服，这样能使她与众不同。

It用于强调句Itis（was）+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分

ItisIwhoamright.

ItwaslastweekthatIattendedanartexhibitionforthefirsttime.

As引导限制性定语从句as指代先行词是物或人的词，且先行词前一般有as,such,thesame等。

Eg,thereareasmanydictionariesasareneeded.

Eg,Davidissuchagoodboyasalltheteacherlike.

Thesame......as......引导的定语从句侧重相似性，Thesame......that......引导的定语从句侧重指同一对象。

Eg,Tomdidnottakethecameraawaybecauseitwasjustthesamecameraashelostlastweek.

Eg,DoyoubuythesamepenasIlostyesterday.

Eg,MrsBlacktookthepolicebacktothesameplace____shewitnessedtherobbery.

Eg,Tomdidnottakethecameraawaybecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.

As引导非限制性定语从句与which引导的非限制性定语从句区别

1．从as／which在句子中位置来区分

1，As引导非限制性定语从句，即可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时也可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后。

一般用逗号与主句隔开。

相同的是两者都可替代整个主句的内容。

一般用逗号与主句隔开。

Asisexpected,theChineseteamlostthefootballgameagain.

×Whichisexpected,theChineseteamlostthefootballgameagain.

＝TheChineseteamlostthefootballgameagain,which/aswehaveexpected.

Asyouknow,Jackisanhonestman.

=Jackisanhonestman,asyouknow.

=Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.

＿＿＿isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.

Ａ．WhichＢ．WhenＣ．WhatＤ．As

＿＿＿isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.Ａ．ItＢ．AsＣ．ThatＤ．What

＿＿＿mightbeexpected,aknowledgeofpsychologyisessentialforgoodadvertisement.

A．WhatＢ．ThatＣ．AsＤ．Which

（１）Asisexpected,ourschoolteamwonthefootballmatch.

（２）Ourteamlostthegame,as/whichwasreportedinthenewspaper.

（３）Motherwasterrified,as/whichIcouldseefromhereyes.

２．从as／which在句子中特定含义来区分

as在引导非限性定语从句中有时有“正如”、“正像”之意，而which则无此意。

常用句型有：

Asweallknow,asisknowntoall,aseverybodycansee,asisexpected等。

（１）Asweallknow,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.

（２）Theearthrunsaroundthesun,asisknownbyeveryone.

（３）Asanybodycansee,theelephantislikeasnake.

或：

Theelephant,asanybodycansee,islikeasnake.

或：

Theelephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.

3．从主从句意义匹配要求来区分

当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定时，只能用which

（１）Shedidtheexperimentsuccessfully,ashadbeenexpected.

（２）Shefailedintheexperiment,whichwasunexpected.

As和Which的区别

1.As通常和such,so或thesame搭配，as引导的定语从句的谓语动词通常是see,expect,say,hope,happen,know等。

如：

1）Iwishtohavesucharadioasyousaid.我想有一台你说的那样的收音机。

2）Ihavethesameopinionasyou（have）.我和你有相同的看法。

3）Asoftenhappens,heislateagain.他又迟到了，这是常事。

4）TheGreatWall,asiswellknown,isoneofthewondersintheworld.

众所周知，长城是世界上的奇迹之一。

5）Tomistall,asarehisbrothers.汤姆个子高，他的兄弟们也都是高个子。

6）Frankisafineathlete,aswashisfatherbeforehim.弗兰克是个优秀的运动员，在他之前，他父亲也一样是个优秀运动员。

7）ItraveltoLondoneveryday,asdomostthepeoplewholiveinthisvillage.我每天乘车去伦敦，住在这个村子里的大部分人都是这样。

8）HeisanEnglishman，as（=which）Iknowfromhisaccent.他是个英国人,这一点我是从他的口音上得知的。

9）Hewaslateforschool,asisoftenthecase.他像往常一样上学迟到了。

10）Aswasusualwithhim,hewentoutforawalkafterdinner.他又像往常一样,吃完饭出去散步了。

11）Asisannouncedintoday’snewspaper,thesteelworkersofourcountryhavefulfilledtheirproductionquotaaheadofschedule.今天的报纸宣布，我国炼钢工人已经提前完成了生产指标。

12）AsIwassaying,weexpect2009tobeagoodyear.正如我刚才说的,我们期望2009年是个好年头。

13）Aseveryoneknows,thefarmingindustryisinseriousdifficulties.众所周知,农业面临严峻困难局面。

14）AsImentionedinmylastletter,I’llbebackinOhioinJune.正如我上一封信提到的，我将在六月份回到俄亥俄州。

高考真题

1.Chan’srestaurantonBakerStreet,_______usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.（浙江2007）

A.thatB.whichC.whoD.where

2.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_______surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.（浙江2005）

A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it

3.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,_______shewantedtobe.（湖北2005）

A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which

4.Anyway,thatevening,_______I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.（浙江2004）

A.whenB.whereC.whatD.which

5.York,_______lastyear,isaniceoldcity.（北京2003）

A.thatIvisitedB.whichIvisitedC.whereIvisitedD.inwhichIvisited

6.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof____hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.

AtheseBthoseCthatDwhich

7.Ishallneverthoseyears____Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,____hasagreateffectonmylife.

Athat/whichBwhen/whichCwhich/thatDwhen/who

8.Theoldladyhadonesonandtwodaughters,____treatedherwell,____madeherverysad.

Anooneofwhom;asBnoneofwhom;that

Cnoneofwhom;whichDnoneofthem;which

9.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyherroleintheplay,_____ofCourse,madetheothersunhappy.

AwhoBwhichCthisDwhat

10.Byservingothers,apersonfocuseonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself,_____canbeveryeye-openingandrewarding.

AwhoBwhichCwhatDthat

11（09全国1）Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof____Ihadevermetbefore.

A.themB.whoC.whomD.these

12（09全国2）Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,______wasveykindofhim.

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it

13（北京）-----Whatdoyouthinkofteaching,Bob?

-----Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob____youaredoingsomething

seriousbutinteresting.

A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that

14（09湖南）IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity_____namewillcreatea

pictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.

A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose

15（09湖南）Guncontrolisasubject_____Americanshavearguedforalongtime

A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich

16（09重庆）Lifeislikealongrace_____wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where

17（09山东）WheneverImether,______wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewitha

sweetsmile.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that

18（09福建）It’shelplfultoputchildreninasituation____theycanseethemselves

differently.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where

19（09安徽）Manychildren,____parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretaken

goodcareofinthevillage.

A.theirB.whose