定语从句.docx

1、定语从句定语从句: 在主从复合句中，起到修饰限制名词或代词作用的从句。Eg, this is the phone that I bought yesterday. 先行词：被修饰的词关系词：关系代词that which who whom whose as 关系副词 where when why 关系代词that which who whom whose That 指人或物 在从句中作主语，宾语，表语Eg, Can you lend me the book( that)you borrowed from the library ?Eg,After this he is not the man t

2、hat he used to be.Eg, The boys that are playing football are from Class One.Which 指物 在从句中作主语，宾语Eg, football is a game which is loved by most boys.Eg, the vase which you bought yesterday seems valuable. Who 指人 在从句中作主语，宾语Eg. Do you know the person who is giving the talk?Eg, the man who you talked abou

3、t yesterday is my father.Whom 指人 在从句中作宾语Eg, the man whom you met just now is my brother.Whose 指人或物 在从句中作定语Eg, I know a student whose father is a lawyer.Eg, the man whose article was published is very talented.关系副词 where when whyWhere 指地点 在从句中作地点状语Eg, we visited the farm where our parents worked ten

4、years ago.Eg, the hotel where we stayed was very clean. when 指 时间 在从句中作 时间 状语Eg, that happened on the day when I saw you. Eg, I still remember the day when we first met.Why 指 原因 在 从句中 作原因 状语Eg, Is that the reason why he refused our help?Eg, the reason why he was late was that he missed his plane.“介词

5、 + 关系代词 ”引导的定语从句关系代词 作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词 与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词 提到关系代词前， 形成“介词 + 关系代词 ”的结构。该结构中的关系代词可用 Which whom whose 简单介词+ 关系代词 介词主要根据从句谓语的搭配，先行词与介词的搭配或句子意义而定。Eg, Is this the car for which you paid a high price ?Eg, his glasses, without which he could see nothing, was taken away by a naughty boy.Eg, t

6、his is the camera with which he often takes photos.短语 介词+ 关系代词 常用的短语介词有 as a result of, because of, in case of 等 Eg, he was held up in the heavy traffic, as a result of which he was late for the exam.简单介词+ 关系代词 + 名词 用于此结构的关系代词有Which whose。介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义。Eg, On the way home I met my friend

7、Jone, from whose home the thief had stolen a computer.Eg, In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5;30 p.m, by which time many people have gone home.The +名词+of +关系代词 该 结构 表示所有关系，可用 whose + 名词 或“of +关系代词 +The +名词替换。Eg, she bought a dress, the price of which ( whose price ) is really high

8、.表示部分的词 +of +关系代词 关系代词 指人用whom ，指物 用 Which。表示部分的词常有不定代词all, both, none 等，数次，The + 比较级/最高级以及many, most 等。Eg, last night we saw two movies, neither of which was interesting.Eg, there are there girls in the room, the tallest of whom is Toms sister.Eg,Mary has two brothers, both of whom are doctors.Eg,

9、the factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad.关系代词与关系副词的选择依据Eg, this is the factory where ( in which ) he used to work.Eg, this is the factory that / which I visited last year.Eg, Is this the museum ( that / which) you visited a few days ago? Eg, Is this

10、 the museum where the exhition was held?Eg, I never forget the days when we stayed together.Eg, I never forget the days ( that / which) we spent together.Eg, the reason why he was late was that he missed his plane.Eg, the reason ( that / which) he explained at the meeting was that he missed his plan

11、e.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制程度 限制性定语从句 不可或缺，去掉后主句意义不完整 非限制性定语从句 补充说明，去掉后主句意义仍然明确。句子结构 限制性定语从句 没有逗号 非限制性定语从句 有逗号分开翻译方式 限制性定语从句 译成前置定语 非限制性定语从句 译成 并列句Eg,my brother who is 18 this year joined the army.Eg,my brother , who is 18 this year joined the army.Eg, lucy s boyfriend who is waiting at classroom 6 wants t

12、o talk with you.Eg, lucy s boy friend, who is waiting classroom6， wants to talk with you.Eg, lucy will not wear any clothes which will make him different from others.Lucy 不会穿任何会使她看起来与众不同的衣服。Eg, lucy will not wear any clothes , which will make him different from others.Lucy 不会穿任何衣服，这样能使她与众不同。It 用于强调句

13、 It is ( was)+ 被强调部分+ that/ who + 其他部分 It is I who am right.It was last week that I attended an art exhibition for the first time.As 引导限制性定语从句 as 指代先行词是 物或人的词， 且先行词前一般有as, such, the same 等。Eg, there are as many dictionaries as are needed.Eg, David is such a good boy as all the teacher like.The same

14、.as. 引导的定语从句侧重相似性， The same .that. 引导的定语从句侧重指同一对象。Eg, Tom did not take the camera away because it was just the same camera as he lost last week.Eg, Do you buy the same pen as I lost yesterday.Eg, Mrs Black took the police back to the same place _ she witnessed the robbery.Eg, Tom did not take the ca

15、mera away because it was just the same camera_he lost last week.As 引导非限制性定语从句 与which 引导的 非限制性定语从句区别1从 as which 在句子中位置来区分1，As 引导非限制性定语从句，即可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时也可插入主句中，而 which 引导的 非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后。一般用逗号与主句隔开。相同的是两者都可替代整个主句的内容。一般用逗号与主句隔开。As is expected , the Chinese team lost the football game again.Which is

16、expected, the Chinese team lost the football game again.The Chinese team lost the football game again, which/as we have expected.As you know, Jack is an honest man. =Jack is an honest man , as you know.=Jack, as you know, is an honest man. is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. W

17、hich When What As is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month. It As That What might be expected, a knowledge of psychology is essential for good advertisement. A What That As Which （） As is expected, our school team won the football match. （） Our team lost the game, as

18、/ which was reported in the newspaper. （） Mother was terrified, as/which I could see from her eyes. 从 as which 在句子中特定含义来区分 as 在引导非限性定语从句中有时有“正如”、“正像”之意，而 which 则无此意。常用句型有： As we all know, as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected 等。 （） As we all know, paper was first made in China. （）

19、 The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone. （） As anybody can see, the elephant is like a snake. 或： The elephant, as anybody can see, is like a snake. 或： The elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see. 3从主从句意义匹配要求来区分当非限制性定语从句 是否定句或表示否定时，只能用which （） She did the experiment successfully,

20、 as had been expected. （） She failed in the experiment, which was unexpected.As和Which的区别 1. As通常和such, so或the same搭配，as引导的定语从句的谓语动词通常是see, expect, say, hope, happen, know等。如： 1）I wish to have such a radio as you said.我想有一台你说的那样的收音机。 2）I have the same opinion as you (have).我和你有相同的看法。 3）As often happe

21、ns, he is late again.他又迟到了，这是常事。 4）The Great Wall, as is well known, is one of the wonders in the world. 众所周知，长城是世界上的奇迹之一。 5）Tom is tall, as are his brothers.汤姆个子高，他的兄弟们也都是高个子。 6）Frank is a fine athlete, as was his father before him.弗兰克是个优秀的运动员，在他之前，他父亲也一样是个优秀运动员。 7）I travel to London every day, as

22、do most the people who live in this village.我每天乘车去伦敦，住在这个村子里的大部分人都是这样。 8) He is an Englishman， as (=which) I know from his accent.他是个英国人,这一点我是从他的口音上得知的。9) He was late for school, as is often the case. 他像往常一样上学迟到了。10）As was usual with him, he went out for a walk after dinner.他又像往常一样,吃完饭出去散步了。11）As is

23、 announced in todays newspaper, the steel workers of our country have fulfilled their production quota ahead of schedule.今天的报纸宣布，我国炼钢工人已经提前完成了生产指标。12）As I was saying, we expect 2009 to be a good year.正如我刚才说的,我们期望2009年是个好年头。13) As everyone knows, the farming industry is in serious difficulties.众所周知,农

24、业面临严峻困难局面。14）As I mentioned in my last letter, Ill be back in Ohio in June.正如我上一封信提到的，我将在六月份回到俄亥俄州。高考真题1. Chans restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. (浙江2007)A. that B. which C. who D. where2. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the offi

25、ce. (浙江2005) A. which B. that C. this D. it3. Her sister has become a lawyer, _ she wanted to be. (湖北2005)A. who B. that C. what D. which4. Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. (浙江2004)A. when B. where C. what D. which5. York, _ last year, is a

26、nice old city. (北京2003) A. that I visited B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which I visited6.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of_ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.A these B those C that D which7. I shall never those years_ I lived in the country with the farmers,_ ha

27、s a great effect on mylife.A that/which B when/ which C which/that D when/ who8. The old lady had one son and two daughters,_treated her well,_ made her very sad. A no one of whom; as B none of whom; that C none of whom; which D none of them; which9. Dorothy was always speaking highly her role in th

28、e play,_ of Course, made the others unhappy.A who B which C this D what10. By serving others, a person focuse on someone other than himself or herself,_ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.A who B which C what D that11 (09全国1)She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before.A.th

29、em B.who C. whom D.these12 (09全国2)My friend showed me round the town, _was vey kind of him.A. which B. that C. where D.it13 (北京)-What do you think of teaching, Bob? -I find it fun and challenging . It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting.A.where B. which C.when D.that14 (09湖南)I

30、 was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A.which B.of which C.that D.whose15 (09湖南)Gun control is a subject _Americans have argued for a long timeA.of which B.with which C.about which D.into which16 (09重庆)Life is like a lo

31、ng race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A.why B.what C.that D.where17 (09山东)Whenever I met her ,_ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A.who B.which C.when D.that18 (09福建)Its helplful to put children in a situation _they can see themselves differently. A.that B.when C.which D.where19 (09安徽)Many children, _parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.A.their B.whose