届高考二轮复习英语话题词汇与阅读理解专练专题03社会生活类原卷版.docx

届高考二轮复习英语话题词汇与阅读理解专练专题03社会生活类原卷版.docx

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届高考二轮复习英语话题词汇与阅读理解专练专题03社会生活类原卷版

专题03社会生活类

------词汇识记+真题感悟+最新专项练习

Step1

测一测我的话题词汇量

1.harmonyn．　　　　　　　　_______________

2.harmoniousadj._______________

3.anniversaryn._______________

4.contradictv._______________

5.conflictn．_______________

6.conveyvt.　　_______________

7.convincevt._______________

8.emergencyn．_______________

9.interviewn．&vt._______________

10.witnessn._______________

11.reflecton_______________

12.drawpublicattention_______________

13.attendvt._______________

14.gettogether_______________

15.goinfor_______________

16.volunteertodosth._______________

17.participatein_______________

18.shapeone’scharacter_______________

19.relativen._______________

20.fellown._______________

21.acquaintancen._______________

22.eldern._______________

23.colleaguen._______________

24.considerateadj._______________

25.admirableadj._______________

26.respectfuladj._______________

27.consultvt._______________

28.appreciatevt._______________

29.respectvt.&n._______________

30.understandingn._______________

31.accompanyvt._______________

32.cooperatevi._______________

33.forgivevt._______________

34.congratulatevt._______________

35.congratulationn._______________

36.gratefuladj._______________

37.reliableadj._______________

38.communicatewith_______________

39.beconcernedfor/about_______________

40.share...with..._______________

41.depend/relyon_______________

42.have...incommon_______________

43.fitinwith_______________

44.geton/alongwellwithsb._______________

45.beinharmonywith..._______________

46.tolerancen._______________

47.prejudicen._______________

48.abandonvt._______________

49.divorcevt._______________

50.blamevt._______________

51.complainvt.&vi._______________

52.embarrassvt._______________

53.misunderstandvt._______________

自我小结：

_____________________________________________________________________

Step2

真题感悟

社会生活类阅读文章在高考中出现的频率较高，它涉及人们衣、食、住、行等方面的日常生活、工作、休闲与娱乐，与考生息息相关，极富时代性与生活气息，且考查题材范围较广，颇受命题者的青睐。

题目设置以细节理解题和推理判断题为主。

（1）

【2020·全国卷

，D】

Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes（基因）,theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation（突变）thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.

OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they’vealsobuilthousesonstilts（支柱）incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,”saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.

Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,”Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”

In201,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem.“itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,”saidDr.Ilardo.ShealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.

32.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?

A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.

C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.

33.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?

A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Onthebeach.D.Offthecoast.

34.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?

A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.

C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.

35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB.Highlanders’SurvivalSkills

C.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWorld’sBestDivers

（2）

【2020·江苏卷，B】

Sometimesit’shardtoletgo.FormanyBritishpeople,thatcanapplytoinstitutionsandobjectsthatrepresenttheircountry’spast-age-oldcastles,splendidhomes…andredphoneboxes.

Beatenfirstbythemarchoftechnologyandlatelybytheterribleweatherinjunkyards（废品场）,thephoneboxesrepresentativeofanagearenowmakingsomethingofacomeback.Adaptedinimaginativeways,manyhavereappearedoncitystreetsandvillagegreenshousingtinycafes,cellphonerepairshopsorevendefibrillatormachines（除颤器）.

Theoriginalironboxeswiththeroundroofsfirstappearedin1926.TheyweredesignedbyGilesGilbertScottthearchitectoftheBatterseaPowerStationinLondon.AfterbecominganimportantpartofmanyBritishstreets,thephoneboxesbegandisappearinginthe1980s,withtheriseofthemobilephonesendingmostofthemawaytothejunkyards.

Aboutthattime,TonyInglis’engineeringandtransportcompanygotthejobtoremovephoneboxesfromthestreetsandsellthemout.ButInglisendedupbuyinghundredsofthemhimself,withtheideaofrepairingandsellingthem.Hesaidthathehadheardthecallstopreservetheboxesandhadseenhowsomeofthemwerelistedashistoricbuildings.

AsInglisand,laterotherbusinessmen,gottowork,repurposedphoneboxesbeganreappearingincitiesandvillagesaspeoplefoundnewusesforthem.Today,theyareonceagainafamiliarsight,playingrolesthatareoftenjustasimportantforthecommunityastheiroriginalpurpose.

Inruralareas,whereambulancescantakearelativelylongtimetoarrive,thephoneboxeshavetakenonalifesavingrole.Localorganizationscanadoptthemforlpound,andinstalldefibrillatorstohelpinemergencies.

Othersalsolookedatthephoneboxesandsawbusinessopportunities.LoveFone,acompanythatadvocatesrepairingcellphonesratherthanabandoningthem,openedaminiworkshopinaLondonphoneboxin2016.

Thetinyshopsmadeeconomicsense,accordingtoRobertKerr,afounderofLoveFone.Hesaidthatoneoftheboxesgeneratedaround$13,500inrevenueamonthandcostonlyabout$400torent.

Inglissaidphoneboxescalledtomindanagewhenthingswerebuilttolast.I“likewhattheyaretopeople,andIenjoybringingthingsback,”hesaid.

58.Thephoneboxesaremakingacomeback______.

A.toformabeautifulsightofthecity

B.toimprovetelecommunicationsservices

C.toremindpeopleofahistoricalperiod

D.tomeettherequirementofgreeneconomy

59.Whydidthephoneboxesbegintogooutofserviceinthe1980s?

A.Theywerenotwell-designed.B.Theyprovidedbadservices.

C.Theyhadtooshortahistory.D.Theylosttonewtechnologies.

60.Thephoneboxesarebecomingpopularmainlybecauseof______.

A.theirnewappearanceandlowerpricesB.thepushofthelocalorganizations

C.theirchangedrolesandfunctionsD.thebigfundingofthebusinessmen

（3）

【2020·全国卷I，B】

Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.

Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact（接触）withthegroundatalltimes.It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.

Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories（卡路里）perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.

However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.

Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.

28.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?

A.Theymustrunlongdistances.

B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.

C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.

D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.

29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?

A.It’smorepopularattheOlympics.

B.It’slesschallengingphysically.

C.It’smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.

D.It’slesslikelytocauseknee