综英3词汇整理分析.docx

综英3词汇整理分析.docx

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综英3词汇整理分析

Unit1

simplify/ˈsɪmplɪˌfaɪ/CET4TEM4（simplifying,simplified,simplifies）

1.V-TIfyousimplifysomething,youmakeiteasiertounderstandoryouremovethethingswhichmakeitcomplex.简化

例：

Ouraimistosimplifythecomplexsocialsecuritysystem.

我们的目的是要简化复杂的社会保险体系。

adj.

simple简单的；单纯的；天真的

simplified简化了的

simplex单纯的；单一的

adv.

simply简单地；仅仅；简直；朴素地；坦白地

n.

simple笨蛋；愚蠢的行为；出身低微者

simplicity朴素；简易；天真；愚蠢

simplification简单化；单纯化

simplex单形；单层公寓

simpleness简单；单纯

simplism简化主义；单纯化主义

quota/ˈkwəʊtə/CET6TEM4

1.N-COUNTAquotaisthelimitednumberorquantityofsomethingwhichisofficiallyallowed.限额

例：

Thequotaoffourticketsperpersonhadbeenreducedtotwo.

每人4张票的限额已减少到了2张。

2.N-COUNTAquotaisafixedmaximumorminimumproportionofpeoplefromaparticulargroupwhoareallowedtodosomething,suchascomeandliveinacountryorworkforthegovernment.配额

例：

Thebillwouldforceemployerstoadoptaquotasystemwhenrecruitingworkers.

该法案将迫使雇主们在录用工人时采取配额制。

3.N-COUNTSomeone'squotaofsomethingistheirexpectedordeservedshareofit.（预期或应得的）份额

例：

Theyhavetheusualquotaofhumanweaknesses,nodoubt.

他们毫无疑问也有人类通常的弱点。

Unit5

sexuality

thepropertiesthatdistinguishorganismsonthebasisoftheirreproductiveroles

Someone’sabilitytoexperienceorexpresssexualfeelings.

e.g.Shewasuncomfortablyawareofherson’sdevelopingsexuality.

AnnaMarieQuindlen（bornJuly8,1952）isanAmericanauthor,journalistandopinioncolumnistwhoseNewYorkTimescolumn,PublicandPrivate,wonthePulitzerPrizeforCommentaryin1992.BorninPhiladelphiatoanIrishfatherandanItalianmother,Quindlengraduatedin1970fromSouthBrunswickHighSchoolinSouthBrunswick,NewJerseyandshegraduatedfromBarnardCollegeinNewYorkCityin1974.Shebeganherjournalismcareerin1974asareporterwithTheNewYorkPost.Between1977and1994sheheldseveralpostsatTheNewYorkTimes.Sheleftjournalismin1995tobecomeafull-timenovelist.

Sincethenshehaspublishedtwonovels,OneTrueThing,andBlackandBlue.HermostrecentbookisAShortGuidetoaHappyLife,aworkofnonfiction.Inherworkasbothacolumnistandawriteroffictionandnonfictionbooks,Quindlen'sfocusremainsonsocialissues,especiallytheroleandexperienceofwomen,andonfamilylife.Herwritingisdowntoearthandclosetohome.BetweentheSexes,AGreatDividerevealsQuindlen'switandwarmthasawriterandasaperson.

Sheismarriedandthemotherofthreechildren.SheliveswithherfamilyinNewYorkCity.

Brave

todealwithanunpleasantordifficultsituation

e.g.Shallwebravethesnowandgoforawalk（=goforawalkalthoughitissnowing）?

Shebravedthewrathofherparentsbyrefusingtomarrythemantheyhadchosen.

bravecriticism/thebadweather

Apajamaparty,alsocalledslumberorsleepoverparty,isoneofthemostinexpensivepartiesto

organizeanddoesn'trequiremuchpreparationtoo.Pajamapartyisahitamongstkids,teensandyoungadults.Thesedays,theconceptofslumberpartyhasbecomeaverypopularwaytohaveagettogetherwitholdtimepalsaswell.Longlostfriends（mostlyschoolorcollegeclassmates）arecalleduponandgatheredatthehomeofoneofthem,whoassumesthepositionofthehostfortheparty.

service

inservice:

inuse

Thebattleshiphasbeeninservicesince1965.

beinservice:

tobeemployedasaservant

atone’sservice:

readytohelpsb.

Ifyouneedadvice,Iamatyourservice.

ofservice（tosb.）:

usefulorhelpful

CanIbeofservicetoyouinorganizingthetrip?

intheserviceof:

为…而服务

Hediedintheserviceofhiscountry.

contretemps

anawkwardordifficultsituationormishap

e.g.Hetriedtosmoothoverhiscontretempswiththepoliceman.

other:

veryunusual;differentincharacterorqualityfromthenormalorexpected

otherness:

n.相异,不同,差异性

Othernesspositsthattherearelargegroupsofpeoplewithwhomyouhavenothingincommon,notevenadiscerniblesharedhumanity.Notonlyarethesegroupsprofoundlydifferentfromyou,theyarealso,covertly,somehowless:

Lessworthy.Lessmoral.Lessgood.（Quindlen’squotation）

JeanPaulSartreonlysetshiseyesonthestrugglebetweenothernessandego;

萨特只看到他者与自我的斗争；

IfothernesswaslackedbetweenMSNandTecent,userofMSNoriginalwhite-collarcanXiangTengdispatchorflyinglettermove.

假如MSN与腾讯之间缺乏了差异性，MSN原有白领用户会不会向腾讯或飞信转移。

apieceofLouisXVfurniture

asrelaxingassittingonapieceofLouisXVfurniture:

ironyisusedhere.

Actually,sittingonprecious,ancientfurnitureisnotrelaxingbutterrifyingbecausethesitterisafraidtobreakthechairthatispriceless.

subordinateadj.

oflesserorderorimportance

e.g.Allotherconsiderationsaresubordinatetoourneedforsteadyprofits.

runamok

tobeoutofcontrolandactinawildordangerousmanner

e.g.Thearmyranamokafteroneofitsseniorofficerswaskilled.

Thetwodogsranamokinaschoolplayground.

emotionsrunamok（amuck）:

itmeansthatwomenareoutofcontrolemotionally,especiallyinreferencetoelevatedlevelsofestrogenduringmenstrualcyclesthatleadtoemotionalinstability.

linearthinking:

amethodtothinklogicallyfromAtoBtoC;atoo“simple”thoughtprocess;theinabilitytounderstandtheinterdependencesorwebofrelationshipsofourcomplexworld.

Systemthinkingistheoppositeoflinearthinkinganditreferstoourabilitiestounderstandandseepatternsinourwebofrelationships.

riddle

1）n.apersonorthingthatpuzzles,perplexes,orconfuses

Sheisacompleteriddle,eventoherparents.

2）v.topiercemanytimes;makemanyholesinsb./sth.

Thecarwasriddledwithbulletholes.

3）toaffectsb./sth.completely

Theyareriddledwithdisease.

naildown

1）tofastendownwithorasifwithnails

Ican'tgetthislidoff—itseemstobenaileddown.

我打不开这个盖子,好像是被钉住了。

2）toextortadefinitepromiseorconsentfrom迫使（某人）作出决定,讲明意图〔采取行动〕

Seeifyoucannailthechairmandowntoanexactdate.

看你能不能迫使主席把准确日期定下来。

3）todefineclearly

Icannotnaildowntherulesforthisgame.

pindown

1）toconfinetoaplace把…固定住;使动弹不得

Themapispinneddowntothetable.

2）toforce（someone）tomakeadecisionorcarryoutapromise迫使作出决定,履行承诺

Wedidtrytopinhimdownonhisplansforthetrip,butheremainedevasive.

leaveout

1）tocausetoremainintheopen

Youcanleaveyourcarouttonight.

2）toomitorexclude

Sheleftoutanimportantiteminheraccount.

Inoticethattheadvertisementleavesoutthepriceoftheproduct.

FurtherReadingII

I’dRatherBeBlackthanFemale

ShirleyChisholm（November30,1924–January1,2005）wasanAmericanpolitician,educator,andauthor.ShewasaCongresswoman,representingNewYork's12thCongressionalDistrictforseventermsfrom1969to1983.In1968,shebecamethefirstblackwomanelectedstoCongress.OnJanuary25,1972,shebecamethefirtmajor-partyblackcandidateforPresidentoftheUnitedStatesandthefirstwomantorunfortheDemocraticpresidentialnomination.Shereceived152first-ballotvotesatthe1972DemocraticNationalConvention.

Unit8SexEducation

Sexeducation isinstructiononissuesrelatingto humansexuality,including humansexualanatomy, sexualreproduction, sexualactivity, reproductivehealth,emotionalrelations, reproductiverights andresponsibilities, sexualabstinence,and birthcontrol.

Commonavenuesforsexeducationareparentsorcaregivers,formalschoolprograms,andpublichealthcampaigns.

Sexualabstinence or sexualrestraint isthepracticeofrefrainingfromsomeorallaspectsof sexualactivity formedical,psychological,legal,social,financial,philosophical,moralorreligiousreasons.

condom:

contraceptivedeviceconsistingofasheathofthinrubber

diploma:

adocumentcertifyingthesuccessfulcompletionofacourseofstudy

graduatediploma;graduatedegree'sdiploma;collegediploma

certificate:

adocumentattestingtothetruthofcertainstatedfacts

guaranteecertificate;CertificateofHealth;CertificateofOrigin;marriagecertificate

disservice:

anactintendedtohelpthatturnsoutbadly伤害；帮倒忙的行为；不亲切的行为；虐待

1.Thespreadingofsuchideasisofgreatdisservicetothestate.

散布这种思想，对国家极为不利。

2.Youwillbedoingyourclassandyourselfadisserviceifyousendthatangrylettertotheheadmaster.

如果你把那封怒气冲冲的信寄给校长，那将对你和你们班大大不利。

Thesexualrevolution（alsoknownasatimeof"sexualliberation"）wasasocialmovementthatchallengedtraditionalcodesofbehaviorrelatedtosexualityandinterpersonalrelationshipsthroughouttheWesternworldfromthe1960stothe1980s.Sexualliberationincludedincreasedacceptanceofsexoutsideoftraditionalheterosexual,monogamousrelationships（primarilymarriage）.Contraceptionandthepill,publicnudity,thenormalizationofhomosexualityandalternativeformsofsexuality,andthelegalizationofabortionallfollowed.

Unit9

MichaelMedved（bornOctober3,1948）isaAmericanradioprogramhostandisaconservativepoliticalcommentator,filmcritic,andauthor.

Asaradiohost,hisSeattle-basednationally-syndicatedtalkshow,TheMichaelMedvedShow,airsthroughouttheUnitedStatesonSalemRadioNetwork.AccordingtoTalkers'Magazine,TheMichaelMedvedShowistiedfortheeighth-most-listened-totalkshowinthecountry,withmorethan4millionlistenersweekly.

Asanauthor,MichaelMedvedisanauthorofeightbooks.Hecollaboratedwithhisbrother,HarryMedved,onfoursatiricalbooksaboutmovies:

TheFiftyWorstFilmsofAllTime（1979）,TheGoldenTurkeyAwards（1980）,TheHollywoodHallofShame（1984）andSonofGoldenTurkeyAwards（1986）.Anotherbookaboutmoviesis