英语常见的修辞格.docx

英语常见的修辞格.docx

《英语常见的修辞格.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语常见的修辞格.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

英语常见的修辞格

英语常见的修辞格

   Figuresofspeech（修辞）arewaysofmakingourlanguagefigurative.Whenweusewordsinotherthantheirordinaryorliteralsensetolendforcetoanidea,toheighteneffect,ortocreatesuggestiveimagery,wearesaidtobespeakingorwritingfiguratively.Nowwearegoingtotalkaboutsomecommonformsoffiguresofspeech.

1）Simile：

（明喻）Itisafigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristic（特性）incommon.Tomakethecomparison,wordslikeas,as...as,asifandlikeareusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother.Forexample,Ascoldwaterstoathirstysoul,soisgoodnewsfromafarcountry.

2）Metaphor：

（暗喻）Itislikeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Forexample,theworldisastage.

3）Analogy:

（类比）Itisalsoaformofcomparison,butunlikesimileormetaphorwhichusuallyusescomparisonononepointofresemblance,analogydrawsaparallelbetweentwounlikethingsthathaveseveralcommonqualitiesorpointsofresemblance.

4）Personification:

（拟人）Itgiveshumanformoffeelingstoanimals,orlifeandpersonalattributes（赋予）toinanimate（无生命的）objects,ortoideasandabstractions（抽象）.Forexample,thewindwhistledthroughthetrees.

5）Hyperbole:

（夸张）Itisthedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis.Forinstance,healmostdiedlaughing.

6）Understatement:

（含蓄陈述）Itistheoppositeofhyperbole,oroverstatement.Itachievesitseffectofemphasizingafactbydeliberately（故意地）understatingit,impressingthelistenerorthereadermorebywhatismerelyimpliedorleftunsaidthanbybarestatement.Forinstance,Itisnolaughingmatter.

7）Euphemism:

（委婉）Itisthesubstitutionofanagreeableorinoffensive（无冒犯）expressionforonethatmayoffendorsuggestsomethingunpleasant.Forinstance,wereferto"die"as"passaway".

8）Metonymy（转喻）Itisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthemaneofonethingforthatofanother.Forinstance,thepen（words）ismightierthanthesword（forces）.

9）Synecdoche（提喻）Itisinvolvesthesubstitutionofthepartforthewhole,orthewholeforthepart.Forinstance,theysaythere'sbreadandworkforall.Shewasdressedinsilks.

10）Antonomasia（换喻）Ithasalsotodowithsubstitution.Itisnotoftenmentionednow,thoughitisstillinfrequentuse.Forexample,Solomonforawiseman.Danielforawiseandfairjudge.Judasforatraitor.

11）Pun:

（双关语）Itisaplayonwords,orratheraplayontheformandmeaningofwords.Forinstance,acannon-balltookoffhislegs,sohelaiddownhisarms.（Here"arms"hastwomeanings:

aperson'sbody;weaponscarriedbyasoldier.）

12）Syllepsis:

（一语双叙）Ithastwoconnotations. 

   Inthefirstcase,itisafigurebywhichaword,oraparticularformorinflectionofaword,referstotwoormorewordsinthesamesentence,whileproperlyapplyingtooragreeingwithonlyonofthemingrammarorsyntax（句法）.Forexample,Headdressedyouandme,anddesiredustofollowhim.（Hereusisusedtorefertoyouandme.）

   Inthesecondcase,itawordmayrefertotwoormorewordsinthesamesentence.Forexample,whilehewasfighting,andlosinglimbandmind,anddying,othersstayedbehindtopursueeducationandcareer.（Heretolosingone'slimbsinliteral;toloseone'smindisfigurative,andmeanstogomad.）

13）Zeugma:

（轭式搭配）Itisasinglewordwhichismadetomodifyortogoverntwoormorewordsinthesamesentence,witherproperlyapplyinginsensetoonlyoneofthem,orapplyingtothemindifferentsenses.Forexample,Thesunshallnotburnyoubyday,northemoonbynight.（Herenoonisnotstrongenoughtoburn）

14）Irony:

（反语）Itisafigureofspeechthatachievesemphasisbysayingtheoppositeofwhatismeant,theintendedmeaningofthewordsbeingtheoppositeoftheirusualsense.Forinstance,wearelucky,whatyousaidmakesmefeelrealgood.

15）Innuendo:

（暗讽）Itisamildformofirony,hintinginaratherroundabout（曲折）wayatsomethingdisparaging（不一致）oruncomplimentary（不赞美）tothepersonorsubjectmentioned.Forexample,theweathermansaiditwouldbeworm.Hemusttakehisreadingsinabathroom.

16）Sarcasm:

（讽刺）ItSarcasmisastrongformofirony.Itattacksinatauntingandbittermanner,anditsaimistodisparage,ridiculeandwoundthefeelingsofthesubjectattacked.Forexample,lawsarelikecobwebs,whichmaycatchsmallflies,butletwaspsbreakthrough.

17）Paradox:

（似非而是的隽语）Itisafigureofspeechconsistingofastatementorpropositionwhichonthefaceofitseemsself-contradictory,absurdorcontrarytoestablishedfactorpractice,butwhichonfurtherthinkingandstudymayprovetobetrue,well-founded,andeventocontainasuccinctpoint.Forexamplemorehaste,lessspeed. 

18）Oxymoron:

（矛盾修饰）Itisacompressedparadox,formedbytheconjoining（结合）oftwocontrasting,contradictoryorincongruous（不协调）termsasinbitter-sweetmemories,orderlychaos（混乱）andproudhumility（侮辱）.

19）Antithesis:

（对照）Itisthedeliberatearrangementofcontrastingwordsorideasinbalancedstructuralformstoachieveemphasis.Forexample,speechissilver;silenceisgolden.

20）Epigram:

（警句）Itstatesasimpletruthpithily（有利地）andpungently（强烈地）.Itisusuallyterseandarousesinterestandsurprisebyitsdeepinsightintocertainaspectsofhumanbehaviororfeeling.Forinstance,Few,savethepoor,feelforthepoor.

21）Climax:

（渐进）ItisderivedfromtheGreekwordfor"ladder"andimpliestheprogressionofthoughtatauniformoralmostuniformrateofsignificanceorintensity,likethestepsofaladderascendingevenly.Forexample,Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.

22）Anti-climaxorbathos:

（突降）ItistheoppositeofClimax.Itinvolvesstatingone'sthoughtsinadescendingorderofsignificanceorintensity,fromstrongtoweak,fromweightytolightorfrivolous.Forinstance,Butthousandsdie,withoutorthisorthat,die,andendow（赋予）acollege,oracat.

23）Apostrophe：

（顿呼）Inthisfigureofspeech,athing,place,ideaorperson（deadorabsent）isaddressedasifpresent,listeningandunderstandingwhatisbeingsaid.Forinstance,England!

awake!

awake!

awake!

24）TransferredEpithet:

（转类形容词）Itisafigureofspeechwhereanepithet（anadjectiveordescriptivephrase）istransferredfromthenounitshouldrightlymodify（修饰）toanothertowhichitdoesnotreallyapplyorbelong.Forinstance,Ispentsleeplessnightsonmyproject.

25）Alliteration:

（头韵）Ithastodowiththesoundratherthanthesenseofwordsforeffect.Itisadevicethatrepeatsthesamesoundatfrequentintervals（间隔）andsincethesoundrepeatedisusuallytheinitialconsonantsound,itisalsocalled"frontrhyme".Forinstance,thefairbreezeblew,thewhitefoamflew,thefurrowfollowedfree.

26）Onomatopoeia:

（拟声）Itisadevicethatuseswordswhichimitatethesoundsmadebyanobject（animateorinanimate）,orwhichareassociatedwithorsuggestive（提示的）ofsomeactionormovement. 

   SelectedfromFiguresofSpeechbyFengCuihua

常见的英语用as...as表示的明喻形式

asabsurd（荒唐）asputtingtogetherthepiecesofvase

asbareasthebackofonehand/apickedbone

asbald（秃）asacoot

asblackascoal/ink/jet/midnight/pitch/soot/Styx/

asblindasabat/beetle/mole

asboldasbrass/alion

asbraveasalion

asbrightasaday/noonday/silver

asbrittleasglass

asbrownasberry

asbusyasabee

aschangeableasweather/aclock/themoon

ascheerfulasalark

asclearasabell/aday/crystal/daylight/thenoseonyourface

ascloseasaclam/anoyster

ascommonasdirty

ascoldasice/marble/astone/acucumber/akey/charity/frog

ascoolasacucumber

ascrossasabear

ascunning（狡猾）asafox

asdarkaspitch

asdeadasadoornail/mutton

asdeafasapost/abeetle/anadder

asdeepasawall

asdifferentaschalkfromcheese

asdistinctasadayandnight

asdryasdust/astick/abone/abiscuit

asdrunkasalord/amouth/asane

asdumbasastatue/anoyster/afish

asdullassawdust/colddishwater

aseasyasABC/lying/milking/shellingpeas/myeye/anoldshoe/goingdowntheriver/chasingacowoutofameadow/pie/anything

asemptyasadrum

asfairasarose

asfarastheeyecouldsee

asfatasapit/butter

asfierceasatiger

asfirmasrock

asfitasaflea/afiddle

asflatasapancake/aboard

asfreeasabird/air

asfleet（swift）asadeer

asfreshasarose/adaisy

asgayasalark

asgaudy（华丽）asabutterfly/apeacock

asgentleasalamb

asgoodasgold/aplay

asgracefulasaswan

asgraveasajudge

asgreedyasadog/awolf/apig

asgreenasgrass

asgruff（粗暴）asabear

ashappyasalark/thedayislong/aking

ashardasflint/marble/astone/iron/nails

asharmlessasadove

asheavyasalead

ashealthyasthefreshwind

ashoarse（嘶哑）asacrow

ashotasfire/pepper

ashungryasawolf/ahunter

asinnocent（天真）asadove

askeenasmustard（芥母）

aslargeaslife

aslightasair/abutterfly/afeather/acork/thistledown/

aslikeastwopeas/twodropsofwater/twopees/chalkandcheese

aslooseasaropeofsand

asloudasthunder

asmadasaMarchhare/ahatter（帽商）

asmean（卑鄙）asScrooge

asmerryasacricket

asmotionlessasstatue

asmuteasafish/mice

asnimble（灵巧）asasquirrel

asnoiseasamynah

asobstinateasamule

asoldasthehills

aspaleasdeath/wax/aghost

aspatientasanox

asplainasthenoseonone'sface/apikestaff

aspleasedasPunch

asplayfulasakitten

asplentifulasblackberries

asplump（胖）asapartridge（鹌鹑）

aspoorasachurchmouse/abeggar

asprettyasapicture

aspr