英语句子成分及结构.doc
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英语句子成分及结构
句子从语气上可分为:
1.陈述句2疑问句3.祈使句4.感叹句
句子从结构上分:
1.简单句2.并列句(并列复合句)3.复合句(主从复合句)
复合句:
1)名词性从句:
(1)主从
(2)宾从(3)表从(4)同从
2)形容词性从句即:
定从(限定性的定语从句和非限定性的定语从句)
3)副词性从句(状从)
简单句的五种基本句型
1.主+系+表2.主+vi3.主+vt+宾4.主+vt+间宾+直宾5.主+vt+宾语+宾语补足语主主语(subject):
是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。
Thesunrisesintheeast. (名词) Helikesdancing. (代词)
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词) Seeingisbelieving. (动名词)
Toseeistobelieve. (不定式)
Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词
①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.
②Thereisanoldmancominghere.
③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.
④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.
谓语(predicate):
说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
WestudyEnglish. Helikesplayingthegames.
(二)选出句中谓语的中心词
①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.
③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?
④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.
⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?
⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.
⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.
⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?
表语(predicative):
系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
Heisateacher. (名词) Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)
Heisasleep. (形容词)Hisfatherisin. (副词)
Thepictureisonthewall. (介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost. (形容词化的分词)
Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.(不定式)
Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome. (表语从句)
(常见的系动词有:
be;feel(摸起来、感觉,sound(听起来),look(看起来),taste(尝、吃起来),smell(闻起来);keep,stay,remain(保持,仍是)get,become,turn;seem,appear;prove,turnout…
Itsoundsagoodidea. Thesoundsoundsstrange.
Hervoicesoundssweet. Tomlooksthin.
Thefoodsmellsdelicious. Thefoodtastesgood.
Thedoorremainsopen. NowIfeeltired.
(三)挑出下列句中的表语(5分,5分钟)
①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?
③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.
⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.
宾语:
1)动作的承受者-----动宾
IlikeChina.(名词) Hehatesyou.(代词)
Howmanydoyouneed?
Weneedtwo.(数词)Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.
Ienjoyworkingwithyou. (动名词)Ihopetoseeyouagain. (不定式)
Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?
(宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Areyouafraidofthesnake?
Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.
3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
Hegavemeabookyesterday. Givethepoormansomemoney.
(四)挑出下列句中的宾语(10分,10分钟)
①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.
③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?
⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?
⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.
⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.
⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas" reallyis.
划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语(5分,5分钟)
①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.
③MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.
⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?
宾补:
对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
Weelectedhimmonitor. (名词) Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名)
Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin. (副词)
Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语)Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)
Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)
Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)I’llhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词)
(五)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语(6分,6分钟)
①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.
②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.
④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.
⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?
定语:
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:
something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。
副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
形容词作定语:
AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词) Heisourfriend.(代词)
Webelongtothethirdworld. (数词) Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)