英语句子成分及结构.doc

1、英语句子成分及结构句子从语气上可分为： 1.陈述句 2疑问句 3祈使句 4感叹句句子从结构上分： 1简单句 2并列句（并列复合句） 3复合句（主从复合句）复合句：1）名词性从句：（1）主从 (2) 宾从 (3)表从 (4)同从2）形容词性从句 即：定从 （限定性的定语从句和非限定性的定语从句）3) 副词性从句（状从）简单句的五种基本句型1. 主+系+表 2. 主+vi 3.主+vt+宾 4.主+vt+间宾+直宾 5.主+vt+宾语+宾语补足语主主语（subject）: 是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing.

2、（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classr

3、oom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。We study English. He likes playing the games.(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall. The days get l

4、onger and longer when summer comes. Do you usually go to school by bus? There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. What I want to tell you is this. We had better send for a doctor. He is interested in m

5、usic. Whom did you give my book to?表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher. （名词） Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep.（形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost.（形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring.

6、（不定式）The question is whether they will come.（表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be； feel (摸起来、感觉, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, smell（闻起来）；keep, stay ,remain（保持，仍是） get, become, turn； seem，appear；prove，turn outIt sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smell

7、s delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired.(三) 挑出下列句中的表语（5分， 5分钟） The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.宾语：1）动作的承受者-动宾I like C

8、hina. （名词） He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you.（动名词） I hope to see you again.（不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-间宾（指

9、人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟） My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school w

10、ant to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分， 5分钟

11、） Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen.Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名）We will make them ha

12、ppy. （形容词） We found nobody in.( 副词 )Please make yourself at home. 介词短语） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Dont keep the lights burning. （现在分词） Ill have my bike repaired. （过去分词）(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分， 6分钟） She likes the children to read newspape

13、rs and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。形容词作定语：Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）