主语和谓语的一致.docx
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主语和谓语的一致
主语和谓语的一致
1.主语和谓语的一致关系：
谓语要与主语在人称和数上保持一致：
Herdreams_have_cometrue.
Herdream_has_cometrue.
Sheoftenarrives_at_schoollate.
Theyoftenarrive_at_schoollate.
Itisgettingdark.
Eggsaregettingscarcer.
1amgettingbored.
2.确定主语单复数的三个原则：
2-1.语法上一致的原则：
Theboy_plays_footballwell.
Theboys_play_footballwell.
It_is_bitterlycold.
I_am_verycold.
2-2.概念上一致的原则：
Myfamily_are_all_earlyrisers.（指家中的全体成员,有复数含义）
Hisfamily_has_moved_intothenewhouse.（指整个家,用作单数）
Five_minutes_is_enough.（一个时间段,看作单数）
The_crew_are_waitingforinstructionsfromthecaptain.（指全体船员，
复数）
2-3.邻近词一致的原则：
Neitherhenor_they_are_whollyright.
NeitherTomnorthe_Brownsenjoy_theirjourneytoBeijingowingtothebadweather.
Eitheryourkeyormykey_is_missing.
Notonlybut_also_their_teacher_has_participatedintheparty.
Heorl_am_inthewrong.
-what'worthvisitingthere?
-well,there'thepark,thecastleandthemuseum.
3.主谓一致的具体原则：
3-1.根据语法一致的原则确定谓语形式：
单数主语+单数谓语；复数主语+复数谓语
The_teacher_encourages_thestudentstospeakfreely.
My_wages_arelow,butmetaxes_are_high.
Their_house_has_nineroom.
It_always_pays_to_giveyourpaperonefinalcheck.
在主语+系词+表语结构”中，系动词要与主语的数保持一致，不受其表语的影响.
Theirgreatestconcern_is_the_children.
Themostappreciatedgiftwastheclothes_that_yousentus.
Whatweneedmostis_books._
Paul_is_friends_withbill.
在单数名词（主语）+（together）with+名词”结构中谓语只与主语保持一致,
这是因为上述短语只起修饰主语的作用，而非主语的一部分.
短语：
Alongwith,aswellas,inadditionto,accompaniedby,ratherthan,as
muchas,nolessthan,including,besides,except,but,like.
The_factory_withallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.
YouaswellasIarewrong.
The_manager,alongwithhissecretaries,isgoing_to_adinnerparty
tonight.
An_expert,togetherwithsomeassistants,was—senttohelpinthiswork.
The_teacher,_asmuchastheparents,istoblamefortheaccident.
Mr._Robbins,_accompaniedbyhiswife,isarrivingtonight.
3-2主语含有and时的谓语形式：
单数名词+and+单数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数.
Reading,_writing_and_arithmetic_are_called_thethreeR'.
Joe_and_Bob_are_smart.
He_and丄are_goodfriends.
The_poet_and_the_novelist_were_bothpresentatthemeeting.
如果由and所连接的并列主语指的是同一个人或物事，谓语动词用单数.
The_statesman_and_poet_was_engagedinwarfareallhislife.
Ateacherandnovelistisgoingtomakeaspeechinthehall.
A/The+单数名词人+and+单数名词人+单数谓语
指同一个人身兼两种职务.
A/The+单数名词人+and+a/the+单数名词+复数谓语
指不同职务的两个人.
Theconductorandcomposerwasgreetedbyacrowdofpeople.
Theconductorandthecomposerweregreetedbyacrowdofpeople.
一下已被看成一个整体，因而做主语时，谓语动词用单数.
Knifeandfork,needleandthread,acupandsaucer,ahorseandcarriage,trialanderror,lawandorder,etc.
Law_and_order_has_beenestablished.
Bread_and_butter_is_ourdailyfood.
Fish_and_chips_is_a_popularfastfood.
The_stars_and_stripes_is_the_natioanlflagofUSA.
The_sum_and_substance_of_the_speech_was_antiwar.
主语为every/each+单数名词+and+（every/each+）单数名词”时,
谓语用单数.
Everyman,woman,andchildneeds_love.
Eachboyandgirlwas_givenabook.
Eachbookandeachpaperis_heldinplace.
Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.
主语为形容词+and+形容词+不可数名词或复数可数名词”，并且是涉及
到该名词的品种或类别时，谓语动词用复数•
Chinese_and_british_beer_are_servedatthepub.
Coolingdraftbeerisservedatthepub.
Clever_and_dull_students_are_treatedalike.
There_is_ablackandwhitepictureonthewall.
当both…and”连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数.
Bothhisbrotherandsisteraremarried.
Bothwhalesanddolphinsaremammals.
3-3根据邻近词一致的原则确定谓语形式：
用or连接两个名（代）词作主语时，依据邻近原则”确定谓语形式.
GeorgeorTomis_wanted.
GeorgeorIam_wrong.
Were_youorhethere?
用either•-or连接连个名代词作主语时,邻近原则.
EitherJohnorhisfriendsaretoblameforthebadresults.
Eithertheshirtsorthesweaterisagood_buy.
Notonly…butalso…not…but…连接两个名代词作主语时,邻近原则.
NotonlyMarybutalsoJohnwasinvitedtotheparty.
Notthestudentsbuttheirteacherisinvited_to一theparty.
3-4谓语用单数形式的情况：
动名词，动词不定式或主语从句作主语.
Reasing_is_agreatpleasureinlife.
Tolivemeans_tocreat.
Thatweneedmoretimeisobvious.
数词或数词+复数名词（表示时间，距离，金额，重量，大小，体积等）'作主语.
Eighthoursofsleepisenough.
Five_is_anoddnumber.
Ahundredmilesisquiteadrive,isn'it?
Five_tons_is_a_heavyload.
Ten_dollars_is_toomuchtopayforthatshirt.
复数形式的专有名词作主语•
ThePhilippinesconsists_of_morethan7,000islands.
TheUnitedNationshas_itsheadquartersinNewYorkCity.
The_Times_has_alargecirculation.
manya/morethanone+单数名词”作主语.
Manyalittlemakes_a_mickle.
Manyashiphas_beenwreckedonthoserocks.
Morethanongrammaticalmistakeswasfoundinhiscomposition.表示群意义的词组,如:
aflockofbirds,apackofdogs,aprideoflions,
作主语.
aherdofcattle,aschooloffish
Aflockofbirdsiscirclingoverhead.
Theherdofcattleisbreakingaway.
3-5谓语用复数形式的情况：
scissors,pincer,tongs,
trousers,pants,pyjamas,shorts,pliers,
glasses,spectacles,tights,compasses等;
Wherearemyscissors?
Thereisapairofscissorsonthetable.
有些集合名词作主语时，要用复数形式的谓语.
Sheep,Cattle,Police,Poultry,militia,people等;
Cattle_feed_ongrass.
Thepoliceare_lookingintothematter.
复数可数名词或上述词”单独用
Several/（a）few/both/many+（of+）作主语时，谓语用复数形式.
Severalofyouneed_to_workharder.
Severalhave_alreadywrittentome.
3-6谓语用单复数皆可的情况：
有些名词形式上是复数,但做主语,谓语多用单数,也可以用复数形式
Means,works,tidings,headquarter等;
Thefirm'sheadquartersare/isinLondon.
Thegoodtidingcome/comestoolate.
Thereis/arenomeansoffindingoutwhathappened.
Thesteelworksis/areclosedfortheholiday.数词组成的数学算式作主语,谓语单复亦可:
Twoandthreeis/arefive.
Twicetwomake/makesfour.
一些复数形式疾病名称作主语,通常用单数,复数也可以.
Themeaslesisaninfectiousillness.
Mumpsis/arefairlyrareinadults.
3-7不定代词作主语时的谓语形式：
由any,some,no,every与body,one,thing构成的不定代词作主语或主语的一部分,谓语用单数.
Somebody,anyone,nothing,everyone等;
Everybodyisdoinghisbest.
Thereisnothingyoucandotohelp.
There'ssomethinginterestinginthenewspaper.
“each,each+单数可数名词;eachof+复数名词”作主语时,谓语用单数形式.
Eacharrivesontime.
Eachofthebuildingblocksispaintedadifferentcolour.
Eachboyhastriedtwice.
Each位于复数主语之后,不影响主语的数,e.g.Theboyseachhaveanapple.
Either,neither作主语或主语一部分时,谓语用单数形式：
Eitherisacceptable.
Eitheroneisgoodenoughforme.Is/areeitherofthemadoctor?
Neitheris/aretoblame.
Neitheransweriscorrect.
Neitherofuswants/wanttodoit.
注意,neither,eitherof和neitherof等用于否定或疑问句时,特别在口
语中,也可以跟复数谓语.
All,some,more,most作主语或主语一部分时
上述+不可数名词作主语,谓语用单数;
上述+复数可数名词作主语,谓语用复数形式;
Allhopehasgone.
Somemoneywasspentonbooks.
AllroadsleadtoRome.
MostArabicspeakersunderstandEgyptian.
Allisgoingwell.
There'ssomeinthepot.
Themostyoucanhopeforisfivedollars.
Allareagreedonthispoint.
Somearewiseandsomeareotherwise.
Manypeoplesupporttheproposal,butmoreareagainstit.
All,some,more,most与of连用时:
同样原则;
Allofthisisyours.
Someofthebookisgood.
Someofthefoodhasbeeneaten,butnotallofit.
Mostofhiswritingisrubbish.
MostofthebooksonthatshelfareinEnglish,andtherestareinRussianorFrench.
None作主语或主语一部分时:
-Isthereanymilkinthecup?
-No,thereisnone.
Nonehavearrived.
Nonehasreturnedfromthemeeting.
“Noneof+名词”作主语:
Noneofusisperfect.
Noneoftheguestswanttostay.
Noneofthismoneyisyours.
Noneofthesesuggestionsis/areveryhelpful.
Any用作主语或主语一部分
Anyisbetterthannone.
Anyisgoodenoughforme.
Givemesomeifthereare/isany.
Ifthereisanytrouble,letmeknow.
Anychildwantstoknowthat.
Therearescarcelyanyflowersinthegarden.
Anyoftheseauthoritiesare/isreliable.
Idon'tthinkanyofuswant/wantstoworktomorrow.Isthereanymoreofthisstuff?
Half用作主语或主语一部分
Halfwasdamaged.
Halfarehere.
Ibrokethechocolateintohalves,andhere
'syourhalf.
Halfhistimewaswasted.
Halfthesoldierswerekilled.
Halfmyclasshas/haveobtaineddriver
'slicenses.
Halfoftheapplewasrotten.
Halfofthetimewasspentinthecountry.
Halfofthefruitisbad.
Halfofmyclasshas/haveobtaineddriver
'slicenses.
Halfofthemarehere.
Halfoftheplumsarebad.
Enough作主语或主语的一部分:
Enoughhasbeensaidonthismatter.
Enoughareheretoconstituteaquorum.
Thereisenoughfoodforeverybody.
Thereareenoughplayersforagame.
3-8表示数量的短语作主语时的谓语形式：
Alotof,lotsof,plentyof,thepercentageof,分数词+of,aquantityof,quantitiesof作主语的一部分时：
Two-fifthsofthemoneyismine.
Two-fifthsofthestudentsintheclassarefromArabic-speakingcountries.
Therewasquantitiesofrainthisfall.
Lotsofmyfriendsarehere.
Therewereaquantityofpeopleinthehall.
Agreatdealof,anamountof,（a）littleof,muchof与不可数名词连
用时,谓语用单数：
Muchofthatfurnitureisuncomfortable.
Littleoftheequipmentwasstandardized.
Thereisalimitedamountofoilintheworld.
Agoodmany,agreatmany,anumberof与复数可数名词连用,谓语用复数.
Therewereagreat（good）manypeopleinthepark.
Anumberofstudentswereabsent.
“thenumberof+复数名词+单数谓语”,因为thenumberof的词义为“
的数目”,如thenumberofdaysinaweekisseven.
3-9therebe句型中的谓语形式：
Therebe句型中,be的形式通常取决于be后的主语的数;
Therearen'tanylettersinthemailforyoutoday.
Thereisn'tanymailforyoutoday.
There'resomegoodprogramsonTV.
非正式英语中,如果therebe后是由and连接的并列主语,可以用复数谓语,也可以依据邻近词一致的原则来确定谓语形式.
Thereareabluepenandayellownotebookonherdesk.
Thereisabluepenandayellownotebookonherdesk.
3TO需经判断来确定句子的谓语形式：
1.集合名词作主语
如果集合名词被看作是一个整体,或一个组织,谓语动词用单数形式Thegraduatingclassisinthelaboratory.
Theaudiencewasrathersmall.
Ateamwhichisfullofenthusia
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