定语从句知识点总结精讲练习.docx

定语从句知识点总结精讲练习.docx

《定语从句知识点总结精讲练习.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《定语从句知识点总结精讲练习.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

定语从句知识点总结精讲练习

定语从句讲解（包含各种特殊情况对比，题目都是易错题）

1）定语从句的基本概念：

定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句，起形容词作用，也称为形容词性从句。

被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟先行词。

定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在定语从句中充当一个成分，并在含义上替代先行词。

Themanismycousin.Hecametoseemethismorning.

替换：

Themanwhocametoseemethismorningismycousin.

先行词关系代词在定语中做主语，不可省略↖定语从句

2）关系词:

①关系代词（指人/指物/表所有格）;

A.指人的关系代词：

who,做主语或宾语；

whom，只做宾语；

that,做主语或宾语（但指代人称并充当从句主语时，通常用who）

Heisastudent.Weshouldlearnfromhim.

替换：

Heisastudent（who,whom,that）weshouldlearnfrom.

关系代词充当从句主语时，不能省略，充当宾语时，可以省略。

B.指物的关系代词：

which,做主语或宾语；

that,做主要或宾语；

Hesentmeapresentlastnight.Thepresentisamicewatch.

替换：

Thepresent（which,that）hesentmelastnightisanicewatch.

关系代词充当从句主语时，不能省略，充当宾语时，可以省略。

C.表所有格的关系代替：

指某人的或某物的：

whose,做先行词的所有格

Isthereanyone?

HernameisLinda.

替换：

IsthereanyonewhosenameisLinda?

②关系副词（时间/地点/原因）。

A.where指地点，充当地点状语

Thisistheplace.Wespentourchildhoodinthatplace.

替换：

Thisistheplace（which/that）wespendourchildhoodin.

Thisistheplaceinwhichwespentourchildhood.

Thisistheplacewherewespentourchildhood.

B.when指时间，充当时间状语

He’llalwaysremembertheday.Hisgrandmapassedawayonthatday.

替换：

He’llalwaysremembertheday（which/that）hisgrandmapassedawayon.

He’llalwaysrememberthedayonwhichhisgrandmapassedaway.

He’llalwaysrememberthedaywhenhisgrandmapassedaway.

C.why指原因，充当原因状语

Thisisthereason.Theywerelateforthemeetingbecauseofthereason.

替换:

Thisisthereasonwhytheywerelateforthemeeting.

③准关系代词as

such……as引导定语从句……,

so/such……that……如此……以致于……引导结果状语从句

thesame……as（相似物）/that（同一物）……

ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.（相似物）

ThisisthesamebagthatIlostyesterday.（同一物）

as……as…….

Suchpeopleaswerementionedbyhimwerehonest.（as在定语从句中做主语）

I’veneverseensuchaclevermanasheis.（as在定语从句中做表语）

Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.（as在定语从句中做宾语）

Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.（as在定语从句中做状语）

Heisasdiligentamanaseverlived.（as在定语从句中做主语）

先行词是一句话或一句话的一部分时，关系代词可用which或as,但which不能放句首，as可放在句首，句中，句末，有“正如”的意思

Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.（as在定语从句中做主语）

Hecamelateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.

3）限定性与非限定性定语从句

A）限制性定语从句:

是用来限制所修饰对象的意义，不能被拿掉，如果拿掉，余下的部分的意义就会不清楚；

Themanwhospokeattheparents’meetingjustnowisJohn’sfather.

B）非限制性定语从句：

是对所修饰的词作进一步说明，仅起补充作用，拿掉他，其他部分仍然清楚。

非限制性定语从句通常与主句之间用“，”隔开，限制性定语从句与主句关系密切，不用“，”隔开。

John,whosefatherisawriter,worksinBeijing.

ThebookwaswrittenbyLuXun,whowasagreatwriter.

4）注意要点

A）只能用that，不能用which（who）：

1、当先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时。

2、当先行词是anything,everything,nothing时（something用which，that都可以）。

3、当先行词被all,only,very,any,just,no,much等词修饰时。

4、当先行词既指人又指物时。

5、当句子中已有who指认时。

6、当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。

B）不能用that

1、非限制性定语从句

2、在介词后面不能用that

C）先行词是place,time,reason

1、当先行词是place（或其他表示地点的词）

Thisisthefamousplacewhere（atwhich）thekingusedtomeethisministers.

Thisisthefamousplacewhich/that/Xwevisitedlastyear.

注意：

看先行词在从句中充当什么成分，充当状语用where，充当主语或宾语用which

2、当先行词是time（或其他表示时间的词）

October1isthedaywhen（onwhich）thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.

Iwillneverforgetthedayswhich/that/XIspendwithmystudents.

3、当先行词是reason

Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslatethismorning.

Thisisthereasonwhich/thatmayexplainhisabsence.

D）介词+which与where，when的转化;介词+whom；

Thehotelwheretheystayedtheotherdaywasn’tveryclean.

Thehotelinwhichtheystayedtheotherdaywasn’tveryclean.

Hewillalwaysrememberthedaywhenhebroketheworldrecord.

Hewillalwaysrememberthedayonwhichhebroketheworldrecord.

ThewomantowhomIspokejustnowismyEnglishteacher.

Thewomanwho（whom）IspoketojustnowismyEnglishteacher.

E）有些介词短语有固定搭配意思的不能随意搬动

Thebaby（who）mymotherislookingafterismyyoungerbrother.

F）theway作先行词，定语从句用that,inwhich或省略。

Thatistheway_that/inwhich/X_hespoke.

G）定语从句的谓语动词的用法

I,whoamyourbestfriend,willdoeverythingforyou.

Tomisoneoftheboystudentsinourclasswhoareoftenlate.

Tomisthe（only）oneoftheboystudentsinourclasswhoisoftenlate.

H）定语从句中的插入语

Heistheteacher,whoIthinkwillbeourclassteachernextyear.

Ithink,everybodybelieves,Isuppose等插入语，在考虑用什么关系代词和关系副词时，可暂时不看，以免受迷惑。

I）区分定语从句和并列句

Ihavetwouncles,bothofwhomareengineers.（非限制性定语从句）

Ihavetwouncles,andbothofthemareengines.（并列句）

J）区分定语从句和强调句

ItwasthestreetwhereImetmyteacher.定语从句

Itwasinthestreetthat（where错）Imetmyteacher.强调句

K）修饰先行词eachtime,eachday

修饰先行词eachtime,eachday,everytime,everyday,thefirsttime,theminute,themoment,thesecond,theinstant的方法如下：

Eachtime（不需关系代词或关系副词）Isawhim,hewashappy.（定语从句/状语从句）

L）whoever,whatever,whichever,whenever,wherever

whoever=anyonewho=nomatterwho

whatever/whichever=anythingthat=nomatterwhat（which）

whenever=in/on/atwhatevertimethat=nomatterwhen

whenever=in/at/towhateverplacethat=nomatterwhere

whoever,whatever,whichever可引导状语从句或相当于定语从句的句子

whenever,wherever可引导状语从句或相当于定语从句的句子中替代状语

Whoever（nomatterwho）breaksthelaw,hemustbepunished.（状语从句）

Whoever（anyonewho）breaksthelawmustbepunished.（主语从句）相当于定语从句

Wemustpunishwhoever（anyonewho）breaksthelaw.（宾语从句）相当于定语从句

Whereveryouwanttogo,youmaygo.（状语从句）

Youmaygowherever（towhateverplacethat）youwanttogo.（状语从句）相当于定语从句

练习题：

1.Isthereabararound_______Icanhavesomethingtoeat?

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where

2.Thehouse,_________wasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.

A.theroofofwhichB.whichroofC.itsroofD.theroof

3.Edisonmadealotofinventions,_________ofgreatimportance.

A.whichIthinkareB.whichIthinktheyareC.whichIthinktheyD.Ithinkwhichare

4.I‘lltalkaboutanewly-openedmarket_______youmaygetall________youneed.

A.inwhich,whichB.where,thatC.where,whatD.which,that

5.Canyoulendmethenovel________theotherday?

A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedthat

6.______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.

A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It

7.Thefenceinourgarden,________myfatherbuiltmanyyearsago,haslastedforalongtime.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.where

8.Whenlostinwork,_________heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingandsleeping.

A.whatB.soC.justlikeD.as

9.Afootballfan（球迷）is________hasastronginterestinfootball.

A.athingthatB.somethingthatC.apersonthatD.what

10.WetravelledtogetherasfarasChicago,_______wesaidgoodbyetoeachother.

A.whichB.whenC.whyD.where

11.Thematter______youwerearguingaboutlastnighthasbeensettled.

A.thatB.whatC.whyD.where

12.Willyoupleaseshowmethewaytotheonlytallbuilding_______standsnearthepostoffice?

A./B.inwhichC.thatD.where

13.Hissisterhadbecomeateacher________waswhathewantedtobe.

A.whoB.whatC.thatD.which

14.Withthedevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople_________villageItaughtbeforehavelivedahappylife.

A.whoB.whoseC.inwhoseD.inwhich

15.Ihopeyouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplace________youmayspendyourweekend.

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where

16.HemustbefromAfrica,_________canbeseenfromhisskin.

A.thatB.asC.itD.what

17.Boththegirlandherdog________werecrossingthestreetwerehitbyacomingcar.

A.whichB.whoC.theyD.that

18.I,_______yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.

A.whichareB.whichisC.whoisD.whoam

19.Isthisjustthecity________theforeignguestswishtopayavisit_________.

A.which,toB.towhich,/C.that,toD.tothat,/

20.It’soneofthemostinterestingstories_______Ihave______read.

A.which,neverB.that,everC.that,neverD.which,ever

21.OnmywayhomeinthestreetIsawalady______Ithoughtwasyouraunt.

A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose

22.Irememberthat________tookpartintheballpartyhadawonderfultime.

A.allB.allthatC.allwhichD.allwhat

23.Thisisthelargestclockintheworld,_______theminutehandissixmetreslong.

A.thatB.ofwhichC.whichD.whose

24.Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,________kiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.

A.fromthatB.fromwhereC.fromthereD.fromhere

25.______isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

A.itB.AsC.ThatD.What

26.Who________hascommonsensewilldosuchathing?

A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that

27.Alltheapples________felldownwereeatenbythepigs.

A.thatB.thoseC.whichD.where

28.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything_________hesawatthefront.

A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where

29.I’lltellyou_________hetoldmelastnight.

A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.all

30.Achild________parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.

A.whoB.who’sC.whoseD.which

31.Isthismuseum_________youvisitedtheotherday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone

32.Isthisthemuseum________someGermanfriendsvisitedlastWednesday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone

33.–Howdoyoulikethebook?

--It’squitedifferentfrom_________Ireadlastmonth.

A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat

34.Whichsentenceiswrong?

A.ThefingerIdippedintothecupwasnottheoneIputitintomymouth.

B.Doyouknowtheboywhojumpedontotheplatform.

C.Scienceandnewtechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforfarmerstoproducemorefoodonthesameamountofland.

D.Peopleinancienttimestookitforgrantedthatthesunmovedroundtheearth.

35.Thetrain_______shewastravelingwaslate.

A.whichB.whereC