定语从句知识点总结精讲练习.docx

1、定语从句知识点总结精讲练习定语从句讲解（包含各种特殊情况对比，题目都是易错题）1）定语从句的基本概念：定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句，起形容词作用，也称为形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟先行词。定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在定语从句中充当一个成分，并在含义上替代先行词。The man is my cousin. He came to see me this morning. 替换：The man who came to see me this morning is my cousin. 先行词 关系代词在定语中做主语，不可省略 定语从句2）关系词:

2、关系代词（指人/指物/表所有格）;A.指人的关系代词：who,做主语或宾语；whom，只做宾语；that,做主语或宾语（但指代人称并充当从句主语时，通常用who）He is a student. We should learn from him.替换：He is a student (who, whom, that) we should learn from. 关系代词充当从句主语时，不能省略，充当宾语时，可以省略。B.指物的关系代词： which,做主语或宾语； that,做主要或宾语；He sent me a present last night. The present is a mic

3、e watch.替换：The present (which, that) he sent me last night is a nice watch.关系代词充当从句主语时，不能省略，充当宾语时，可以省略。C.表所有格的关系代替：指某人的或某物的：whose,做先行词的所有格Is there anyone? Her name is Linda.替换：Is there anyone whose name is Linda?关系副词（时间/地点/原因）。A. where指地点，充当地点状语This is the place. We spent our childhood in that place

4、. 替换：This is the place (which / that) we spend our childhood in.This is the place in which we spent our childhood. This is the place where we spent our childhood. B. when 指时间，充当时间状语 Hell always remember the day. His grandma passed away on that day. 替换：Hell always remember the day （which/ that）his gr

5、andma passed away on. Hell always remember the day on which his grandma passed away. Hell always remember the day when his grandma passed away.C. why 指原因，充当原因状语This is the reason. They were late for the meeting because of the reason.替换: This is the reason why they were late for the meeting.准关系代词assu

6、chas 引导定语从句, so/suchthat 如此以致于引导结果状语从句the sameas(相似物)/that（同一物）This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.(相似物)This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.（同一物）asas. Such people as were mentioned by him were honest. （as在定语从句中做主语）Ive never seen such a clever man as he is. （as在定语从句中做表语）I like the same bo

7、ok as you do. （as在定语从句中做宾语）I shall do it in the same way as you did. （as在定语从句中做状语）He is as diligent a man as ever lived. （as在定语从句中做主语）先行词是一句话或一句话的一部分时，关系代词可用which或as, 但which 不能放句首，as可放在句首，句中，句末，有“正如”的意思As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. （as在定语从句中做主语）He came late again, which ma

8、de his teacher very angry.3) 限定性与非限定性定语从句 A）限制性定语从句: 是用来限制所修饰对象的意义，不能被拿掉，如果拿掉，余下的部分的意义就会不清楚；The man who spoke at the parents meeting just now is Johns father. B)非限制性定语从句：是对所修饰的词作进一步说明，仅起补充作用，拿掉他，其他部分仍然清楚。非限制性定语从句通常与主句之间用“，”隔开，限制性定语从句与主句关系密切，不用“，”隔开。John, whose father is a writer, works in Beijing. T

9、he book was written by Lu Xun, who was a great writer.4) 注意要点A）只能用that，不能用which（who）：1、当先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时。2、当先行词是anything, everything, nothing时（something 用which，that都可以）。3、当先行词被all, only, very, any, just, no, much等词修饰时。4、当先行词既指人又指物时。5、当句子中已有who指认时。6、当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。B）不能用that1、非限制性定语从句2、在介词后面不能用thatC）先行

10、词是place, time, reason 1、当先行词是place（或其他表示地点的词）This is the famous place where (at which) the king used to meet his ministers.This is the famous place which/ that/ X we visited last year.注意：看先行词在从句中充当什么成分，充当状语用where，充当主语或宾语用which2、当先行词是time（或其他表示时间的词）October 1 is the day when (on which) the Peoples Rep

11、ublic of China was founded.I will never forget the days which/ that/ X I spend with my students. 3、当先行词是reasonThis is the reason why he was late this morning.This is the reason which/ that may explain his absence.D) 介词+ which 与 where，when 的转化; 介词+whom；The hotel where they stayed the other day wasnt

12、very clean.The hotel in which they stayed the other day wasnt very clean.He will always remember the day when he broke the world record.He will always remember the day on which he broke the world record.The woman to whom I spoke just now is my English teacher.The woman who (whom) I spoke to just now

13、 is my English teacher. E) 有些介词短语有固定搭配意思的不能随意搬动The baby (who) my mother is looking after is my younger brother. F) the way 作先行词，定语从句用that, in which 或 省略。 That is the way _that/ in which/ X_ he spoke.G）定语从句的谓语动词的用法 I, who am your best friend, will do everything for you. Tom is one of the boy students

14、 in our class who are often late. Tom is the (only) one of the boy students in our class who is often late.H) 定语从句中的插入语 He is the teacher, who I think will be our class teacher next year. I think, everybody believes, I suppose 等插入语，在考虑用什么关系代词和关系副词时，可暂时不看，以免受迷惑。I）区分定语从句和并列句I have two uncles, both of

15、whom are engineers. (非限制性定语从句)I have two uncles, and both of them are engines. (并列句)J）区分定语从句和强调句 It was the street where I met my teacher. 定语从句 It was in the street that (where错) I met my teacher. 强调句K）修饰先行词each time, each day 修饰先行词each time, each day, every time, every day, the first time, the minu

16、te, the moment, the second, the instant的方法如下： Each time (不需关系代词或关系副词) I saw him, he was happy. (定语从句/ 状语从句)L）whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever whoever=anyone who=no matter whowhatever/ whichever=anything that=no matter what (which)whenever=in/on/at whatever time that=no matter whenwhe

17、never=in/at/to whatever place that=no matter wherewhoever, whatever, whichever 可引导状语从句或相当于定语从句的句子whenever, wherever 可引导状语从句或相当于定语从句的句子中替代状语Whoever (no matter who) breaks the law, he must be punished. (状语从句)Whoever (anyone who) breaks the law must be punished. (主语从句) 相当于定语从句We must punish whoever (an

18、yone who) breaks the law. (宾语从句) 相当于定语从句Wherever you want to go, you may go. (状语从句)You may go wherever (to whatever place that) you want to go. (状语从句) 相当于定语从句练习题：1. Is there a bar around _I can have something to eat?A. that B. what C. which D. where 2. The house, _ was destroyed in the terrible fire

19、, has been repaired.A. the roof of which B. which roof C. its roof D. the roof3. Edison made a lot of inventions, _ of great importance.A. which I think are B. which I think they are C. which I think they D. I think which are4. I ll talk about a newly-opened market _you may get all _you need.A. in w

20、hich, which B. where, that C. where, what D. which, that 5. Can you lend me the novel _the other day?A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked that6. _is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.A. Which B. As C. That D. I

21、t 7. The fence in our garden, _my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time.A. that B. which C. what D. where 8. When lost in work, _he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping.A. what B. so C. just like D. as 9. A football fan(球迷) is _has a strong interest in football.

22、A. a thing that B. something that C. a person that D. what 10. We travelled together as far as Chicago, _we said goodbye to each other.A. which B. when C. why D. where11. The matter _you were arguing about last night has been settled.A. that B. what C. why D. where12. Will you please show me the way

23、 to the only tall building _stands near the post office?A. / B. in which C. that D. where 13. His sister had become a teacher _was what he wanted to be.A. who B. what C. that D. which 14. With the development of agriculture, the people _village I taught before have lived a happy life.A. who B. whose

24、 C. in whose D. in which 15. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place _you may spend your weekend.A. which B. that C. when D. where16. He must be from Africa, _can be seen from his skin.A. that B. as C. it D. what 17. Both the girl and her dog _were crossing the street were hit by a coming

25、 car.A. which B. who C. they D. that 18. I,_ your friend, will try my best to help you out.A. which are B. which is C. who is D. who am19. Is this just the city _the foreign guests wish to pay a visit_.A. which, to B. to which, / C. that, to D. to that, /20. Its one of the most interesting stories _

26、I have _read.A. which, never B. that, ever C. that, never D. which, ever21. On my way home in the street I saw a lady _I thought was your aunt.A. who B. whom C. which D. whose22. I remember that _took part in the ball party had a wonderful time.A. all B. all that C. all which D. all what 23. This is

27、 the largest clock in the world, _the minute hand is six metres long.A. that B. of which C. which D. whose24. China is the birthplace of kites, _kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.A. from that B. from where C. from there D. from here 25. _is known to everybody, the moon travels r

28、ound the earth once every month.A. it B. As C. That D. What 26. Who _has common sense will do such a thing?A. which B. who C. whom D. that 27. All the apples _fell down were eaten by the pigs.A. that B. those C. which D. where 28. They asked him to tell them everything _he saw at the front.A. what B

29、. that C. which D. where 29. Ill tell you _he told me last night.A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all 30. A child _parents are dead is called an orphan.A. who B. whos C. whose D. which 31. Is this museum _you visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 32. Is this the museum

30、 _some German friends visited last Wednesday?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 33. How do you like the book? -Its quite different from _I read last month.A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 34. Which sentence is wrong?A. The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my

31、 mouth.B. Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform.C. Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of land.D. People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth.35. The train _she was traveling was late.A. which B. where C