高级英语第一册Unit4EverydayUseforYourGrandmama.docx
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高级英语第一册Unit4EverydayUseforYourGrandmama
Unit4EverydayUseforyourgrandmama
AliceWalker
1.）Abouttheauthor
AliceWalker（1944-）,poet,novelistandessayist,wasbornintoapoorruralfamilyinEatonton,Georgia.Herparentsmadealivingbygrowingcotton.WhenshewenttoSarahLawrenceCollegeintheearly60’s,thecivilrightsmovementwasinfullswing.ShewasactivelyinvolvedinthemovementandupongraduationworkedinMississippi,centerofthecivilrightsactivities.AfterexperiencingthepoliticalmovementandasacaseworkerfortheNewYorkCitywelfaredepartment,shebecameateacherofcreativewritingandblackliterature,lecturingatJacksonStateCollege,TougalooCollege,Wellesley,YaleandUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley.Herwritingcareerbeganwiththepublicationofavolumeofpoetryin1968,whichwasfollowedbyanumberofnovels,shortstories,criticalessaysandmorepoetry.NowsheisregardedasoneofthemostprominentwritersinAmericanliteratureandamostforcefulrepresentativeofwomen’sliteratureandblackliterature.
HerworksincludeTheThridLifeGrangeCopeland（1970）,Meridian（1976）,avolumeofpoetryRevolutionaryPetuniasandOtherPoems（1973）,acollectionofshortstoriesInLoveandTrouble:
StoriesofBlackWomen（1973）andarecentnovelTheTempleofMyFamiliar（1989）.HermostsignificantnovelisThePurple,publishedin1982,whichwonallthethreemajorbookawardsinAmerica–thePulitzerPrize,theNationalBookAwardandtheNationalBookCriticsCircleAward.Thenovelwasaninstantbestsellerandmadeintoanequallysuccessfulmoviein1985,directedbySpielbergandstarringWhoopiGoldberg.
AliceWalkerisatherbestwhenportrayingpeoplelivingintheruralareaswherethewriterwasbornandgrewup.Asablackwriter,Walkerisparticularlyinterestedinexaminingtherelationshipsamongtheblacksthemselves.
2.）“EverydayUse”
（1973）isincludedintheNortonAnthologyofShortFiction,2ndEdition,1981.“EverydayUse”,oneofthebest-writtenshortstoriesbyAliceWalker,describesthreewomen.Themotherisaworkingwomanwithoutmucheducation,butnotwithoutintelligenceorperception.Thetwodaughtersformasharpcontrastineveryconceivableway:
appearance,character,personalexperiences,etc.ThestoryreachesitsclimaxatthemomentwhenDee,theelderdaughter,wantstheoldquiltsonlytoerefusedflatlybythemother,whointendstogivethemtoMaggie,theyoungerone.Theoldquilts,madefrompiecesofclotheswornbygrandandgreatgrandparentsandstitchedbyGrandma’shand,areclearlyasymboloftheculturalheritageoftheblackpeople.Theirdifferentfeelingsaboutthequiltsrevealtheirdifferentattitudestowardstheirheritageasblacks.
Thetheme:
Themainthemeinthestoryconcernsthecharacter’sconnectionstotheirancestralroots.
DeeJohnsonbelievesthatsheisaffirmingherAfricanheritagebychanginghername,hermannerisms,andherappearance,eventhoughherfamilyhaslivedintheU.S.forseveralgenerations.
Thehistoricalpresent:
描述历史事件的现在时，使事件更生动、更真实
Thehistorcalpresent（sometimesdramaticpresent）referstotheemploymentofthepresenttensewhennarratingpastevents.Itisusedinfiction,for“hotnews”（asinheadlines）,andineverydayconversation,itisparticalanycommonwith“verbsofcommunication”suchastell,write,etc.
IwillwaitforherintheyardthatMaggieandImadesocleanandwavyyesterdayafternoon.Ayardlikethisismorecomfortablethanmostpeopleknow.Itisnotjustayard.Itislikeanextendedlivingroom.Whenthehardclayissweptcleanasafloorandthefinesandaroundtheedgeslinedwithtiny,irregulargrooves,anyonecancomeandsitandlookupintotheelmtreeandwaitforthebreezesthatnevercomeinsidethehouse.我就在这院子里等候她的到来。
我和麦姬昨天下午已将院子打扫得干干净净，地面上还留着清晰的扫帚扫出的波浪形痕迹，这样的院子比一般人想象的要舒服，它不仅仅是一个院子，简直就像一间扩大了的客厅。
当院子的泥土地面被打扫得像屋里的地板一样干净，四周边缘的细沙面上布满不规则的细纹时，任何人都可以进来坐一下，一边抬头仰望院中的榆树，一边等着享受从来吹不进屋内的微风。
1.wavy:
['weivi]havingregularcurves;like，characteristicof，orsuggestiveofwaves波状的；有起伏的
characteristicofwaves,resemblingwaves.Heretheworddescribesthemarksinwavypatternsonthe
claygroundleftbythebroom.在本文中，文字描述的波浪形图案是指扫帚在土地上留下的痕迹。
eg:
Thewavylinesaremeanttorepresentwater.
2.extend:
enlarge;makelargerthanusedone及物动词（vt.）扩大、扩展
anextendedlivingroom:
anenlargedlivingroombyanewadditiontotheoriginalspace.
3.finesand:
tinysand细沙
fine:
（adj.）细微的，细小的tiny:
（adj.）极小的、微小的
andthefinesandaroundtheedgeslinedwithtiny,irregulargrooves:
Beforetheword“lined,”thelinkverb“is”omitted.fine:
notcoarse,insmallparticles.e.g.finecloth,finesugar
Maggiewillbenervousuntilafterhersistergoes:
shewillstandhopelesslyincorners,homelyandashamedoftheburnscarsdownherarmsandlegs,eyinghersisterwithamixtureofenvyandawe.①【Shethinkshersisterhasheldlifealwaysinthepalmofonehand,that"no"isawordtheworldneverlearnedtosaytoher.】麦姬在她姐姐离去之前将会一直心神不定：
她将会神情沮丧地站在角落里，一面为自己的丑陋面孔和胳膊大腿上晒出的累累疤痕而自惭形秽，一面怀着既羡慕又敬畏的心情怯生生地看着她姐姐。
她觉得她姐姐真正是生活的主人，想要什么便能得到什么，世界还没有学会对她说半个“不”字。
4.Prep.+prep./conj.:
（untilafter）介词短语作介词的状语
eg:
Aballcamerollingoutfromunderthebed.一只球从床底下滚了出来。
eg:
Abigfishgetsawayfrominhishands.一条大鱼从他手中溜掉了。
eg:
Thesunhascomeoutfrombehindtheclouds.太阳从云彩后面出来了。
eg:
Hewavedatmefromacrossthestreet.他从马路对面向我挥手。
eg:
Henevercaresabouthisclothesexceptonaformaloccasion.他除了正式场合外，从不讲求衣着。
eg:
Hedidnotfinishhishomeworkuntilafterhisparentshadgonetosleep.他直到父母睡着后才完成作业。
eg:
Hewon’treviewhislessonsuntilrightbeforetheexam（hetakeexams）.他到临考前才会复习功课。
5.homely:
simple,notgrand,（ofpeople,faces,etc.,）notgood-looking,orhandsome;ugly平凡地
Nothandsomeorbeautiful:
plain,unattractive.
（neversayawomanoragirlisugly.Saysheisplainorhomely.）
Ofaplainandunsophisticatednature:
artless,unadorned,unpolished.（homelyfurniture）
Ofarelatingtothefamilyorhousehold:
domestic,household.（homelyskills）
Ifsomeoneishomely,theyarenotveryattractivetolookat;usedinAm.E.
6.down:
along
7.toeye:
Tolookatandtowatch:
don’tsuggestthefeelingsofthepersonwholooks.不带任何感情地看某人。
Toeyemeanstolookcarefully,suspiciously（怀疑地）,orthoughtfully（深思地、考虑周到地）,withfear,doubt,envy（嫉妒、羡慕）,desire,etc.
8.awe:
敬畏
Aweisthefeelingofrespectandamazementthatyouhavewhenyouarefacedwithsth.wonderful,frighteningorcompletelyunknown.,wonder
eg:
Thechildstaredathiminsilentawe.
9.DifficultSentences:
①Shethinkshersisterhasheldlifealwaysinthepalmofonehand,that"no"isawordtheworldneverlearnedtosaytoher.
同义释句：
Shethinksthathersisterhasafirmcontrolofherlife.Shecouldalwayshaveanythingshewanted,andlifewasextremelygeneroustoher.（Shecouldalwaysgetwhatshewantstohaveandnothingintheworldcanstopher.）
You'venodoubtseenthoseTVshowswherethechildwhohas"madeit"isconfronted,asasurprise,byherownmotherandfather,totteringinweaklyfrombackstage.（APleasantsurprise,ofcourse:
Whatwouldtheydoifparentandchildcameontheshowonlytocurseoutandinsulteachother?
）OnTVmotherandchildembraceandsmileintoeachother'sface.Sometimesthemotherandfatherweep,thechildwrapstheminherarmsandleansacrossthetabletotellhowshewouldnothavemadeitwithouttheirhelp.Ihaveseentheseprograms.你一定从电视片上看到过“闯出了江山”的儿女突然出乎意料地出现在那跌跌撞撞从后台走出来的父母面前的场面。
（当然，那场面必定是令人喜悦的：
假如电视上的父母和儿女之间相互攻击辱骂，他们该怎么样呢？
）在电视上，母亲和儿女见面总是相互拥抱和微笑。
有时父母会痛哭流涕，而那发迹了的孩子就会紧紧地拥抱他们，并隔着桌子伸过头来告诉他们说若没有他们的帮助，她自己就不会有今日的成就。
我自己就看过这样的电视节目。
10.madeit:
tobecomeasuccess,tosucceed,eitherinspecificendeavororingeneral成功做（或完成）某事
11.confronted,asasurprisebyherownmotherandfather:
broughtfacetofacewithherownmotherandfatherunexpectedly
12.tototter:
towalkwithweakunsteadysteps,tomoveinanunsteadywayfromsidetosideasifabouttofall
beingunsteadyonone’sfeet;staggering蹒跚；摇摇欲坠、摇摆
eg:
Theoldladytottereddownthestairs.老太太摇摇晃晃走下楼。
13.parentandchild:
放在一起时冠词消失eg:
bothhusbandandwife
14.curseout:
tosayrudethingsloudenoughsoastobeheard大声的咒骂
out:
loudenoughsoastobeheard
eg:
Speakout!
Nobodycan（will）hurtyou.大声讲，没人能把你怎么样。
eg:
Someonecalledoutmyname.有人大声喊我的名字。
eg:
Ishoutedouttothemthatthetrainwascoming.我大声朝他们喊火车来了。
15.towrap[ræp]:
embrace[im'breis],hug拥抱
SometimesIdreamadreaminwhichDeeandIaresuddenlybroughttogetheronaTVprogramofthissort.Outofacarkandsoft-seatedlimousineIamusheredintoabrightroomfilledwithmanypeople.ThereImeetasmiling,gray,sportymanlikeJohnnyCarsonwhoshakesmyhandandtellsmewhatafinegirlIhave.ThenweareonthestageandDeeisembracingmewithtearsinhereyes.Shepinsonmydressalargeorchid,eventhoughshehastoldmeoncethatshethinksorchidesaretackyflowers.有时候我在梦里梦见迪伊和我突然成了这种电视节目的剧中人。
我从一辆黑色软座垫大轿车上一下来，立刻被人引进一间宽敞明亮的屋子里。
屋里有许多人，其中一个身材高大威武，满面微笑，有点像著名电视节目主持人约翰尼.卡森的美男子迎上来和我握手，并对我说我养了个好女儿。
然后，我们来到台前，迪伊热泪盈眶地拥抱着我，还把一朵大大的兰花别在我的衣服上，尽管她曾对我说过兰花是很低级的花。
16.Cognateobject:
（todreamadream）同源宾语['kɔg,neit]
Objectofverbwiththesameroot:
anounthatfuntionsastheobjectofaverbthatisfromthesame
etymological（[,etimə'lɔdʒikəl]词源学）,asin“todreamadream”or“tothinkathought”.
eg:
Heflewmanyflightsintothebattlefield（战场）.
eg:
Tolaughaheartylaugh.爽朗的笑
eg:
Torunarace.比赛
eg:
Todieasuddendeath.暴死
eg:
Tosleepasoundsleep.睡觉睡得很香
eg:
Toliveamiserablelife.悲惨的生活着
eg:
Tothinksomeunkindthought.动坏心眼
eg:
Tokissalongkiss.
eg:
Tosmileanintimatesmile.亲切的微笑
eg:
Toseethesight.看风景
17.aTVpro
升级会员 