最新高考英语 阅读理解试题含答案 6.docx

最新高考英语 阅读理解试题含答案 6.docx

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最新高考英语阅读理解试题含答案6

最新高考英语阅读理解试题（含答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.

   TheresultsshowthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetoclaimtopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Latvianwomen,meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof169.8cm.

   JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearchfromImperialCollege,London,saystheglobaltrendislikelytobeduetoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare."Anindividual'sgeneticshasabiginfluenceontheirheight,butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalesskeyrole,"headded.

   Alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages,saysElioRiboliofImperialCollege."Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy,"hesaid."Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular（心血管的）diseaseamongtallerpeople."

   Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanyAfricancountriescausesconcern,saysRiboli.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.

   "Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s,"saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversityofSussex.Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesthatfollowedthepolicyofstructuraladjustment,hesays,ledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtoreachtheirfullpotential（潜力）intermsofheight.

   Benthambelievestheglobaltrendofincreasingheighthasimportantimplications"Howtallwearenowisstronglyinfluencedbytheenvironmentwegrewupin,"hesaid."Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome."

（1）Whatdoestheglobalstudytellusaboutpeople'sheightinthelastcentury?

A. Theincreaseinpeople'sheighthasbeenquickening.

B. Theincreaseinwomen'sheightisbiggerthaninmen's.

C. Thereisaremarkabledifferenceacrosscontinents.

D. Therehasbeenanoticeableincreaseinmostcountries.

（2）WhatdoesElioRibolisayabouttallerpeople?

A. Theyenjoyaneasierlife.                                 

B. Theytendtolivelonger.

C. Theyriskfewerdeadlydiseases.                      D. Theyhavegreaterexpectationsinlife.

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reversed"inParagraph5mean?

A. Sloweddown.     

B. Goneupwards.     

C. Changedtothecontrary.     

D. Cometolifeagain.

（4）WhatdoesJamesBenthamsuggestwedo?

A. Ensurechildren'spropernutritionandhealthcare.

B. Improvetheeconomicsituationofsomecountries.

C. Watchtheglobaltrendofincreasingheightclosely.

D. Attachgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，全球研究调查了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。

全球身高增长的趋势有着重要的影响。

我们现在的身高很大程度上受到我们成长环境的影响。

如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。

作者建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.“在过去的一个世纪里，人们的身高不断增长，韩国女性的平均身高增加了20厘米以上，伊朗男性的平均身高增加了16.5厘米。

一项全球研究调查了1914年至2014年间200个国家18岁青年的平均身高。

"可知，这项全球研究调查了1914年到2014年200个国家18岁年轻人的平均身高，得出了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的”Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy“可知，身材更高的人平均寿命更长。

故选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第五段中的”WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury“而在20世纪早期，乌干达和尼日尔的身高有所增加；以及”withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.“在18岁的人群中，随着身高的下降。

可知，reversed的意思是"反转"。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的”Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome.“如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来的几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。

可知，他建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Attitudestowardnewtechnologiesoftenfallalonggenerationallines.Thatis,generally,youngerpeopletendtooutnumberolderpeopleonthefrontendofatechnologicalchange.Itisnotalwaysthecase,though.Whenyoulookatattitudestowarddriverlesscars,theredoesn'tseemtobeacleargenerationaldivide.Thepublicoverallissplitonwhetherthey'dliketouseadriverlesscar.Inastudylastyear,ofallpeoplesurveyed,48percentsaidtheywantedtorideinone,while50percentdidnot.

   Thefactthatattitudestowardself-drivingcarsappeartobesosteadyacrossgenerationssuggestshowtransformativethechangetodriverlesscarscouldbe.Noteveryonewantsadriverlesscarnow-andnoonecangetoneyet—butamongthosewhoareopentothem,everyagegroupissimilarlyinvolved.

   Actually,thisisn'tsurprising.Whereasoldergenerationsaresometimesreluctanttoadoptnewtechnologies,driverlesscarspromiserealvaluetotheseagegroupsinparticular.Olderadults,especiallythosewithlimitedmobilityordifficultydrivingontheirownareoneoftheclassicuse-casesfordriverlesscars.

   Thisisespeciallyinterestingwhenyouconsiderthatyoungerpeoplearegenerallymoreinterestedintravel-relatedtechnologiesthanolderones.

   Whenitcomestodriverlesscars,differencesinattitudearemorepronouncedbasedonfactorsnotrelatedtoage.Collegegraduates,forexample,areparticularlyinterestedindriverlesscarscomparedwiththosewhohavelesseducation:

59percentofcollegegraduatessaidtheywouldliketouseadriverlesscarcomparedwith38percentofthosewithahigh-schooldiplomaorless.

   Whereapersonlivesmatters,too.Morepeoplewholivedincitiesandsuburbssaidtheywantedtotrydriverlesscarsthanthosewholivedinruralareas.

   Whilethere'sreasontobelievethatinterestinself-drivingcarsisgoingupacrosstheboard,aperson'sagewillhavelittletodowithhowself-drivingcarscanbecomemainstream.Oncedriverlesscarsareactuallyavailableforsale,theearlyadopterswillbethepeoplewhocanaffordtobuythem.

（1）Whathappenswhenanewtechnologyappears?

A.Itfartherwidensthegapbetweentheoldandtheyoung.

B.Itusuallydrawsdifferentreactionsfromdifferentagegroups.

C.Itoftenleadstoinnovationsinotherrelatedfields.

D.Itcontributesgreatlytotheadvanceofsocietyasawhole.

（2）Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthedriverlesscar?

A.Itwillnotnecessarilyreduceroadaccidents.

B.Ithasgivenrisetounrealisticexpectations.

C.Itdoesnotseemtocreateagenerationaldivide.

D.Itmaystartarevolutioninthecarindustry.

（3）Whydoesthedriverlesscarappealtosomeoldpeople?

A.Itaddstothesafetyoftheirtravel.

B.Itsavestheirenergy.

C.Itarousestheirinterestinlife.

D.Ithelpswiththeirmobility.

（4）Whatislikelytoaffectone'sattitudetowardthedriverlesscar?

A.Thelocationoftheirresidence.

B.Theamountoftrainingtheyreceived.

C.Thelengthoftheirdrivingexperience.

D.Thefieldoftheirspecialinterest.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了老年人和年轻人对无人驾驶汽车的态度上并没有表现出明显的代沟以及影响人们对无人驾驶汽车的态度的几个因素。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的"generally,youngerpeopletendtooutnumberolderpeopleonthefrontendofatechnologicalchange."可知，一般来说，在技术变革的前沿，年轻人往往比老年人多，由此可知，新技术的出现通常会引起不同年龄组的不同反应，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的"generally,youngerpeopletendtooutnumberolderpeopleonthefrontendofatechnologicalchange.Itisnotalwaysthecase,though.Whenyoulookatattitudestowarddriverlesscars,theredoesn'tseemtobeacleargenerationaldivide."可知，一般来说，在技术变革的前沿，年轻人往往比老年人多，不过，情况并不总是这样，当你看到人们对无人驾驶汽车的态度时，似乎并没有明显的代沟，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的"driverlesscarspromiserealvaluetotheseagegroupsinparticular.Olderadults,especiallythosewithlimitedmobilityordifficultydrivingontheirownareoneoftheclassicuse-casesfordriverlesscars."可知，无人驾驶汽车尤其能为老年人带来真正的价值，老年人，特别是那些行动不便或独自驾驶困难的人，是无人驾驶汽车的典型使用案例之一，由此可知，无人驾驶汽车对一些老年人有吸引力是因为它有助于他们的行动，故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的"Whereapersonlivesmatters,too.Morepeoplewholivedincitiesandsuburbssaidtheywantedtotrydriverlesscarsthanthosewholivedinruralareas."可知，一个人居住的地方也会影响他对无人驾驶汽车的态度，住在城市和郊区的人比住在农村的人更愿意尝试无人驾驶汽车，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   NhonLy,a55-year-oldVietnamese-bornprofessionalbodybuilderfromCaliforniahasbeenawardedthe"real-lifeMasterRoshi"forhisunbelievablesimilaritytothepopularDragonBallZanime（日本动漫）character.

   Lycertainlydoesn'tlooklikeanyothertypical55-year-oldman.Infact,helooksalotbetterthanmostguysintheir20s,withhislean（瘦且健康的）,strongmusclesandyouthfulattitude.Buthe'sabsolutelynottheonly50-somethingmanwhohasthestrongmuscleintheworld. WhatreallysetsNhonLyapartfromalltherestishisunbelievablesimilaritytoDragonBallZcharacterMasterRoshi,alsoknownastheTurtleHermit,inhis"finalform".AndheapparentlylikedthecomparisonsomuchthatheevensethisInstagramhandleas@master_roshi_real_life.

   AccordingtoMadnessMedia,LyimmigratedtotheUnitedStatesin1980,attheageof16.Hegotajobasapedicurist（修脚师）atanailsalon,andworkedhiswayuptosalonowner.Althoughhehasachievedsomuch,bodybuildinghasalwaysbeenhisbiggestlove.Hehascompetedinseveralprofessionalbodybuildingevents,withhismostnotableresultsbeingthe4thplaceatthe2011USChampionship,the7thplaceatthe2012edition,andthe5thplaceatthe2015Nati