考研英语真题.docx

考研英语真题.docx

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考研英语真题

2013考研英语真题及答案

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4,hetheorisedthatajudge5ofappearingtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoprobationonthatday.

　　To8thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas11.

　　Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews,12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant'sscoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,astandardisedexamwhichis16outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.

　　DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20.

　　1.[A]grant[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers

　　2.[A]minor[B]objective[C]crucial[D]external

　　3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]moment

　　4.[A]Forexample[B]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[D]Aboveall

　　5.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless

　　6.[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for

　　7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless

　　8.[A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]test

　　9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success

　　10.[A]chosen[B]stupid[C]found[D]identified

　TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSKB,who,since2008hasmakeallofherownclothes——andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexample,can’tbeknockedoff.

　　Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment——includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionLine——Clinebelieveslasting-changecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordtoit.

　　21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher

　　[A]poorbargainingskill.

　　[B]insensitivitytofashion.

　　[C]obsessionwithhighfashion.

　　[D]lackofimagination.

　　22.AccordingtoCline,mass-maketlabelsurgeconsumersto

　　[A]combatunnecessarywaste.

　　[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.

　　[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.

　　[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.

　　23.Theword“indictment”（Line3,Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto

　　[A]accusation.

　　[B]enthusiasm.

　　[C]indifference.

　　[D]tolerance.

　　24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelaseparagraph?

　　[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.

　　[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.

　　[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.

　　[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.

　　25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

　　[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.

　　[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.

　　[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.

　　[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.

　　Text2

　　Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.

　　Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:

Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?

Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCornmission（FTC）proposedaddinga"donottrack"（DNT）optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladwertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigltalAdwertisingAlliance（DAA）agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespongingtoDNTrequests.

　　OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:

ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

　　Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GetingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.

　　AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Atterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,bloggde:

"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."Coulditreallybethatsimple?

　　26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersto:

　　[A]easecompetitionamongthemselves

　　[B]lowertheiroperationalcosts

　　[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers

　　[D]providebetteronlineservices

　　27.“Theindustry”（Line6,Para.3）refersto:

　　[A]onlineadvertisers

　　[B]e-commerceconductors

　　[C]digitalinformationanalysis

　　[D]internetbrowserdevelopers

　　28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault

　　[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads

　　[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry

　　[C]willnotbenefitconsum　

[D]goesagainsthumannature

　　29.whichofthefollowingistureaccordingtoParagraph.6?

　　[A]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose

　　[B]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT

[C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers

　　[D]Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouralads

　　30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:

　　[A]indulgence

　　[B]understanding

　　[C]appreciaction

　　[D]skepticism

Text3

　　Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely-thoughbynomeansuniformly-glowinglypositive.Scienceandtechnologywouldcurealltheillsofhumanity,leadingtolivesoffulfillmentandopportunityforall.

　　Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketoepidemicfluandtoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.

　　Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshaveenduredformillionsofyears-sowhyshouldn'twe?

Takeabroaderlookatourspecies'placeintheuniverse,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears.LookupHomosapiensinthe"RedList"ofthreatenedspeciesoftheInternationalUnionfortheConversationofNature（IUCN）,andyouwillread:

"ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline."

　　Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?

Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganisationsarenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundationhasitsflagshipprojectamedicalclockthatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearshence.

　　Perhapswillfully,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday'stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit'sperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That'sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture.

　　Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:

wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.

Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughtoreducemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetocome.

　　31.Ourvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredby

　　[A]ourdesireforlivesoffulfillment

　　[B]ourfaithinscienceandtechnology

　　[C]ourawarenessofpotentialrisks

　　[D]ourbeliefinequalopportunity

　　32.TheIUCN’s“RedList”suggestthathumanbeingare

　　[A]asus