高考英语考前指导2.docx

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高考英语考前指导2

高三毕业班英语温书材料

常见句型语法归纳

1.It’s(high)time(that)sb.didsth.该是做某事的时间了。

sb.shoulddosth..

c.f.Itis/wasthefirsttime(that)sb.has/haddonesth(定从)

Itwasforthefirsttimethatsb.didsth.(强调)

2.Thefactoryis15miles(tothe)southeastofthecity.这家工厂位于城市东南面15英里处。

Southeastofthecitylietwolakes.城市东南面有两个湖.(倒装)

3.hit/strike/beat/hurtsb.onthehead/shoulder/back./intheface/eye/stomach/chest.

C.f.take/catch/leadsb.bythearm/hand/nose

4.*beofgreat/no/much/little/alittle/some+help/use/interest/value/importance/success/necessity/significance具有

=bevery/not+adj.(helpful/useful/interesting/valuable/important/successful/necessary/significance)

*beofgreatcourage/determination/wisdom/ability/strongwill/highquality具有

5.Thetwothingsareofthesamecolour./age/shape/size/weight/length/depth/width…属于

/a(n)colour/age/shape/size/weight/length/depth/width…

C.f…areofdifferentcolours/ages/shapes/sizes…

6.Aisthreetimesasbig/long/deep/wideasB.(注意倍数的位置)/bigger/longer/deeper/widerthanB/thesize/length/depth/widthofB.

7.与其说…不如说

1)Heismorefrightenedthanhurt.与其说他受伤不如说他吓坏了。

Heismorecleverthanbrave.注意不能说成Heisclevererthanbraver。

2)Heisn’tsomuchillasdepressed.=He’sdepressedratherthanill.

与其说他病了不如说他很使沮丧。

8.Aisnobetter/moreinterestingthanB=Aisasbad/dullasB与…一样的不…

c.f.Aisnotbetter/moreinterestingthanB.A不如B好/有趣

9.cannot+比较级(含有最高级的意思)

Ican’tagreemore.我非常同意.Itcouldn’tbeworse.非常糟糕.

Youcouldn’thavechosenabettergiftforme.你给我挑了一个极好的礼物.

10.cannot/neverbetoocareful越细心越好/canneverthankhimenough万分感激

11..AisasgoodastudentasB.(注意这4个句型中adj.和a的顺序)

Itistoodifficultajobtodo.

Heissogoodastudentthatwelikehim.

Howfineadayitis!

12.*wouldratherdoAthandoB=prefertodoAratherthandoB=woulddoAratherrhandoB

*wouldrathersbdid/haddonesth.

13.Sb.hasdifficultyindoingsth./withsth./Thereissomedifficultyindoingsth.(注意difficulty为不可数=trouble)c.f.meetwithalotofdifficulties

14.DoyoumindifIdo…?

/WouldyoumindifIdid?

/

Do/Wouldyoumind(my)doing?

—Certainlynot./Ofcoursenot./I’msorrybutIdo./Youhadbetternot.

15.It’s(just)likesb.todosth.某人恰恰就是。

这个样子。

16.apartfrom除了…以外(=except(for);besides注意except不能放句首,但apartfrom则可)

AllthechildrenlikemusicapartfromBobby.(=except)

除了博比外所有的孩子都喜欢音乐。

Apartfrombeingtoolarge,thetrousersdon'tsuitme.(不可用except;=besides)

这条裤子不但太大,而且我穿着也不合适。

Apartfromafewwords,IdonotknowanyFrenchatall.(不可用except)

除了很少的几句外,我对法语一无所知。

17.注意以下几个Itis…的句型

Itwasnotlongbeforehecameback.过不了多久他就回来了。

(it指时间,后跟时间状从)

Itwas3yearsbeforehecameback.过了3年他才回来了。

(同上)

.Itis/hasbeenfiveyearssinceheleftFuzhou.他离开福州5年了。

(同上)

Itwasmidnight/2a.m.whenIgothereyesterday.(同上)

Itwasatfivethathecameback.(强调)

ItwasfiveyearsagothatheleftFuzhou.(强调句型)

18.Hewaswalkinginthestreetwhenheheardhisnamecalled.(when=andsuddenly)

Hehadjustlaindownwhentherewasaknockonthedoor.

Hewasgoingto/wasabouttoleavewhenitbegantopour.

19.Hedidn’trealizethathewastoocarelessuntilhefailed.

(强调)Itwasnotuntilhefailedthatherealizedthathewastoocareless.

c.f.(倒装)Notuntilhefaileddidherealizethathewastoocareless.

20.Ididnothingbutdosth/hadnothingtodobutdo

Icannot(choose/help)butdo不得不,只得

c.f.Ihadnochoicebuttodosth.

又:

WhatIwanttodois(to)haveagoodsleep.

21.Heisworkingharderandharderandheismakingmoreandmoreprogress.(越来越)

c.f.Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyouwillmake.(越…就越…)

22.Doyouwantago?

=Doyouwantatry?

23..注意以下几个带it的句型

Ihate/likeitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthsfull.

Iwouldappreciateitifyoucandropinonusnowandthen.

Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.

I’llseetoitthateverythingisallright.

Don’ttakeitforgrantedthattheywillsupportyou.

Ifitisconvenienttoyou,…(×Ifyouareconvenient)

24.抽象名词具体化:

表”一种,一类,一份,一场,一阵,一件,一个”,前面往往有adj.修饰

agreatsuccess,abigfailure(指成功或失败的人和事),agreat/pleasantsurprise

agreatdisappointment,agreathelp好帮手,agreentea,aheavyrain,astrongwind

acoffee,abig/delicioussupper,agoodmemory,agoodknowledgeofEnglish

25.常用What来问的句型:

Whatisthepopulation/distance/attitude/price/address/height/depth/width/length/size?

26..插入语:

1)bytheway顺便说一下

ononehand,…onetheotherhand一方面,另一方面

foronething,…foranother(或also)

inshort,inbrief,inaword简言之

ingeneral一般说来

inaddition(to…),besides,apartfrom…此外

2)judgingfrom…根据…判断

generallyspeaking总的说来

talking/speakingof…谈到..

Considering…,taking…intoconsideration,Given…考虑到…

Allthingsconsidered,

supposing(suppose)…假如

eg:

Supposing(Suppose)/Ifitrained,wewouldstillgo.

3)totell(you)thetruth说实话

tobehonest(frank)老实说

tobesure无可否认,诚然

tobeexact确切说

tobeginwith首先

tomakethings/mattersworse使事情更糟糕的是

4)worsestill=what’sworse更糟糕的是

What’smore=besides况且

believeitornot信不信由你

27.常见不用被动的情况

1)sth.wash/cut/sell/readwell好洗,好切,畅销,读起来朗朗上口

burn/tear/breakeasily易燃/碎/破

writewell/smoothly好写

2)Thedoor/windowwon’topen/close.打不开/关不上

3)主语+need/want/require+doing=主语+need/want/require+tobedone

4)sth.+beworthdoing

5)主语(sth.)+feel/sound/taste/smell/look+表语(adj.)

6)主语+be+adj.(hard/easy/heavy/comfortable)+todo

7)sb.+betoblame某人应受到责备

8)sth.+runout=sb.runoutof/useupsth.

9)sb.giveout=sb.bewornout/tiredout

28.多个形容词排列的顺序:

限(定词)、数(词)、描(绘)+大(小)、形(状)、新(旧)、颜(色)+国(籍)、

材(料)、(用)途

abeautifullargenewredbrickdininghall一个漂亮的新的红砖砌成的大餐厅

语法要点归纳

I.定语从句:

1.只用that不用which:

先行词为:

最高级,序数词,不定代词,(all,much,little,no,nothing,anything,everything,alot,much等;先行词前有thevery,theonly,justthe修饰,先行词既指人又指物时。

2.只用which不用that:

介词后,非限制性定从中指物或代整句。

3.只用as不用that/which:

such/thesame…as搭配中;指代整句,有“正如“之意,常见asweknow/expect,可放句首(which不放句首。

4.用that/which还是用when/where:

主要看句子是否完整,有否缺主,宾,表。

有则用that,否则用when或where.

Thisisthefactorywhereheworks//(that/which)hevisited.

Itwasaterribleday(that/which)I’llneverforget.//whentheaccidenthappened.

5.that/which能否省:

在句中做宾语的可省。

但在介词后及非限制性定从中不能省。

II.名词性从句:

1.that的用法:

that在句中无词义。

不充当任何成分。

宾从中的that可省。

但以下两种情况不省:

Wethinkitimpossiblethathewillcomebackthisevening.(it做形式宾语)。

Hetoldme(that)hewouldcomebyairandthathewillarriveat10pm.(第二个宾从)

2.if与whether:

if只能放在宾语从句中。

而whether则可放在所有名词从句中。

Whether…or…还可引起让步状从。

4.what的使用:

首先要看句子是否完整,有否缺主,宾,表。

有则用what=theman/thingthat;whatever=anythingthat,可由此变换成定语从句。

Youcantakewhatyoulikebest.=Youcantakethethingthatyoulikebest.

Heisnotwhatheusedtobe.=Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.

5.语序:

名词性从句一律用陈述语序。

6.虚拟语气的使用:

在order,insist,suggest,propose,demand,require,request,advise引导的宾从中需用should或原形。

(但suggest表明、insist坚持认为则不)

在动词wish后根据时态需用三种形式:

did/were;haddone;would/coulddo.

在主从Itisimportant/necessary/strange/surprisingthatsb.shoulddosth.(或shouldhavedone)e.g.Itissurprisingthatheshouldhavefailed.注意虚拟语气的使用。

7.表从的两个句型:

Thereasonisthat……(注意不能说Thereasonisbecause…)

Heisill.It/This/Thatiswhyhecan’tcome.

c.f.Hecan’tcome.This/Thatisbecauseheisill.

8.同位语从句与定语从句的区别:

(要分清that的作用)

Thenews(that)hetolduswaswonderful定语从句(that做told的宾语)

Thenewsthathehadwonwaswonderful.同位语从句(that无意义,不可省)

III.情态动词:

1.表判断:

must,may,can

肯定句与否定句:

mustbe+表语(或doing)can’tbe+表语(或doing(现在)

musthavedone一定can’t(couldn’t)havedone不可能(过去/完成)}

may(not)do或be+表语也许(不)(现在)

may(not)havedone也许(不)(完成)

might(not)havedone也许(不)(过去)

疑问句:

(只能用can)

Canthenewsbetrue?

Whatcanhebedoing?

Whatcanhavehappenedtohim?

Whocanitbe?

CanitbeLiMingwhodidit?

(强调句型)

反意问句

Hemustbeastudent,isn’the?

Youmusthavedoneyourhomework,haven’tyou?

Youmusthaveseenthefilmlastnight,didn’tyou?

Hecan’thavegonetobed,hashe?

注意区别should与can:

Thereshouldbenoproblem.应该没问题。

Itcanbedangerous.这会是很危险的。

(表示客观、理论上的可能性。

2.虚拟:

A)从句:

主句:

Ifsb.did/were……,sth.would/could/mightdo….(现在)

Ifsb.haddone…..,sth.would/could/mighthavedone(过去)

Ifsb.did/were…sth.would/could/mightdo…(将来)

[shoulddo…

weretodo…

B)needn’thavedone本不必should(n’t)havedone本(不)该

[ought(n’t)tohavedone

plan/want/hope/mean/would(should)like(love)tohavedone本打算/想做某事

C)Ifonly+从句:

(虚拟语气)=HowIwish+从句;

Ifonlyhewerealive!

(现在虚拟)

IfonlyIhadpassedtheexam!

(过去虚拟)

IfonlyIcouldflytothemoonsomeday!

(将来虚拟)

D)butfor=ifitwerenot/hadn’tbeenfor要不是。

的话,(接虚拟语气的句子)

Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavesucceeded.

D)asif…:

Hetalkedasifhekneweverything.但:

Itseems/looksasifheisill.(不要用虚拟)

3.shall与will

1)表示征求对方的意见:

ShallI/hedosth.?

(一、三人称问句)

Willyoudosth.?

(二人称问句)

2)表示意愿

will用于任何人称,表示主语的意愿)

I/We/You/He/She/Theywilldosth.

Shall用于二、三人称,表示说话人的意愿;含命令、警告与许诺

You/Heshalldoitwhetheryou/hewant(s)ornot.(命令)

Nothingshallstopus.任何东西都无法阻挡我们。

(决心)

YoushallhavethebookassoonasIfinishit.(许诺)

IV..不定式与动名词的区别:

1.主语:

Toseeistobelieve./Seeingisbelieving.

Itisimportanttodoit./Itisnouse/gooddoingsth.

Tom’sbeinglatemadetheteacherangry.

2.宾语:

以下动词常跟不定式做宾语:

agree,decide,expect,fail,hope,wish,learn,plan,promise,refuse,want,intend,pretend,manage,know(how),afford,wouldlike,usedto,ask,demand,choose,offer,seem,happen,appear

以下动词常跟动名词做宾语:

finish,enjoy,mind,practise,suggest,risk,advoid,escape,excuse,keep,miss,admit,allow,preventpermit,understand,giveup,imagine,appreciate,putoff,(beworth/bebusy+doing)

以下动词跟动名词或不定式做宾语都可

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