高考阅读真题.docx

高考阅读真题.docx

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高考阅读真题

高考阅读真题（总10页）

　2015年高考英语阅读理解题及答案（9套）

Ourbrainsworkincomplexandstrangearesomepeoplewhocancalculatethedayoftheweekforanygivendatein40,000years,butwhocannotaddtwopluscanperformcomplexclassicalpianopiecesafterhearingthemonce,buttheycannotreadorwrite.

　　Downfirstdescribedthisconditionincalledthesepeopleidiotidiotsavantisapersonwhohassignificantmentalimpairment（损伤）,suchasinautism（孤独症，自闭症）orthesametime,thepersonalsoexhibitssomeextraordinaryskills,whichareunusualformostskillsofthesavantmayvaryfrombeingexceptionallygiftedinmusicorinmathematics,orhavingaphotographicmemory.

　　Oneofthefirstdescriptionsofahumanwhocouldcalculatequicklywaswrittenin1789byRush,anAmericanpatient,ThomasFuller,wasbroughttoVirginiaasaslavetookThomasonly90secondstoworkoutthatamanwhohaslived70years,17days,and12hourshaslived2,210,500,800thisability,hediedin1790withouteverlearningtoreadorwrite.

　　AnotheridiotsavantslavebecamefamousasapianistintheTomhadavocabularyofonly100words,butheplayed5,000musicalpiecesbeautifully.

　　IntheexcellentmovieRainMan,madein1988andavailableonvideocassette,DustinHoffmanplaysanidiotsavantwhoamazeshisbrotherplayedbyTomCruise,withhisabilitytoperformcomplexcalculationsveryrapidly.

　　Todaywemoreclearlyrecognizethattheidiotsavantisspecialbecauseofbrainnotallbrainimpairmentleadstosavantstudieshaveshownthatpeoplewhohavepurposefulinterruptionoftheleftsideofthebraincandevelopidiotsavantfewpeoplewishtoparticipateinsucharemanyexcellentreasonsfornotundergoingunnecessaryexperimentationonone'stermidiotsavantisoutdatedandallsavantshaveahighdegreeofintelligenceandarethusnotidiots.

　　doesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

　　savantshaveareasofoutstandingabilities.

　　Beingshavecomplicatedthinkingprocess.

　　brainsoftheidiotsavantsarepartlyimpaired.

　　reasonswhypeoplehavewonderfulskillsvary.

　　ofthefollowingcanbedonebyRainMan?

　　canplaywonderfulpiecesofclassicalmusic.

　　canguessoutexactlythelengthofaman'slife.

　　canmemorizethecontentsofthepicturesfast.

　　cancountmatchesdroppedonthefloorquickly.

　　canyouinferfromthepassage?

　　savantshaverealtalentsforartandmath.

　　isthefirstpersonwhofoundidiotsavants.

　　peoplewishtoriskbecomingsavantsbybrainoperations.

　　leftbrainimpairmentswillsurelyleadtoidiotsavants.

　　ofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?

　　答案：

72—75ADCB

　　Lawsthatwouldhaveensuredpupilsfromfiveto16receivedafullfinancialeducationgotlostinthe‘washup’.Anapplicationiscallingonthenextgovernmenttobringitback.

　　Atschoolthechildrenaretaughttoaddupandsubtract（减法）but,extraordinarily,arenotroutinelyshownhowtoopenabankaccount—letalonehowtomanagetheirfinancesinanincreasinglycomplexanddemandingworld.

　　TodaytheparentingwebsiteMumsnetandtheconsumercampaignerMartinLewishavejoinedforcestolaunchanonlineapplicationtomakefinancialeducationacompulsoryelementoftheschoolcurriculuminEngland.Childrenfromfiveto16shouldbetaughtabouteverythingfrompocketmoneytopensions,theysay.AndthatwasexactlytheplanpreservedintheChildren,SchoolsandFamiliesbillthatwasshelvedbythegovernmentintheso-called“wash-up”earlierthismonth—therushtolegislationbeforeparliamentwasdismissed.Consumerandparentgroupsbelievefinancialeducationhasalwaysbeenoneofthemostfrustratingomissionsofthecurriculum.

　　AsthePersonalFinanceEducationGroup（Pfeg）pointsout,thegoodhabitsofyoungchildrendonotlastlong.Over75%ofseven-to11-year-oldsaresaversbutbythetimetheygetto17,overhalfofthemareindebttofamilyandfriends.Bythisage,26%seeacreditcardoroverdraft（透支）asawayofextendingtheirspendingpower.Pfegpredictsthattheseyoungpeoplewill“finditmuchhardertoavoidtheseriousunexpecteddangersthathavebefallenmanyoftheirparents'generationunlesstheyreceivegoodqualityfinancialeducationwhileatschool.”

　　TheUKhasbeenintheworstfinancialrecession（衰退）forgenerations.Itdoesseemoddthat—unlessparentsstepin—youngpeopleareleftinthedarkuntiltheyarecruellyintroducedtotheworldofdebtwhentheyturnupatuniversity.Inarecentpollofover8,000people,97%supportedfinancialeducationinschools,while3%saiditwasajobforparents.

　　61.Thepassageismainlyabout_____________.

　　A.howtomanageschoollessons

　　B.howtodealwiththefinancialcrisis

　　C.teachingyoungpeopleaboutmoney

　　D.teachingstudentshowtostudyeffectively

　　62.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat__________.

　　A.theauthorcomplainsabouttheschooleducation

　　B.pupilsshouldnotbetaughttoaddupandsubtract

　　C.studentshavebeentaughttomanagetheirfinances

　　D.lawsonfinancialeducationhavebeeneffectivelycarriedout

　　63.Thewebsiteandtheconsumercampaignerjoinedto_________.

　　A.instructthepupilstodonatetheirpocketmoney

　　B.promotetheconnectionofschoolsandfamilies

　　C.askthegovernmenttodismisstheparliament

　　D.appealforthecurriculumoffinancialeducation

　　64.AccordingtoPfeg,___________.

　　A.itiseasytokeepgoodhabitslong

　　B.teenagersspendtheirmoneyasplanned

　　C.parentsarewillingtopaythedebtfortheirkids

　　D.itwillbeintroubleiftheteenagersareleftalone

　　65.Apollismentionedto___________.

　　A.stressthenecessityofthecurriculumreform

　　B.showtheseriousnessofthefinancialrecession

　　C.makethereadersawareofburdenoftheparents

　　D.illustratesomepeoplearestronglyagainsttheproposal

　　答案：

61-65CADDA

uropeansshouldtrytostayindoorsifashfromIceland'svolcanostartssettling,theWorldHealthOrganizationwarnedFridayassmallamountsfellinIceland,ScotlandandNorway.

　　WHOspokesmanDanielEpsteinsaidthemicroscopic（微小的）ashispotentiallydangerousforpeoplewhenitstartstoreachtheEarthbecauseinhaled（吸入）particlescanenterthelungsandcauserespiratoryproblems.AndhealsosaidEuropeanswhogooutsidemightwanttoconsiderwearingamask.

　　Otherexperts,however,weren'tconvincedthevolcanicashwouldhaveamajoreffectonpeoples'healthandsaidWHO'swarningswere"hysterical."Theysaidvolcanicashwasmuchlessdangerousthancigarettesmokeorpollution.Volcanicashismadeoffineparticlesoffragmentedvolcanicrock.Itislightgraytoblackandcanbeasfineastalcumpowder.Duringavolcaniceruption,theashcanbebreatheddeepintothelungsandcauseirritationeveninhealthypeople.Butonceitfallsfromagreaterdistance—likefromthecloudcurrentlyhoveringaboveEurope—itshealtheffectsareoftenminimal,expertssay.

　　"Notallparticlesarecreatedequal,"saidKenDonaldson,aprofessorofrespiratorytoxicologyattheUniversityofEdinburgh,"Inthegreatschemeofthings,volcanicashisnotallthatharmful."AndhesaidmostEuropeans'exposuretovolcanicashwouldbenegligibleandthatonlythoseintheneardistrictsoftheIcelandicvolcanowouldlikelybeatrisk.

　　Dr.StephenSpiro,aprofessorofrespiratorymedicineanddeputychairoftheBritishLungFoundation,saidthefurthertheparticlestravel,thelessdangeroustheywillbe."ThecloudhasalreadypassedovernorthernScotlandandwehaven'theardofanyilleffectsthere,"hesaid.Spirosaidtowearmasksorstayindoorstoavoidvolcanicashwas"overthetop"and"abithysterical."

　　60.Thetextismainlyabout.

　　A.theeffectofvolcanicash

　　B.thehealthriskofvolcanicash

　　C.thedisadvantagesofvolcanicash

　　D.theopinionsonhealthriskofvolcanicash

　　61.WhichoneistrueaccordingtoParagraph3?

　　A.Thevolcanicash’seffectsonEuropeanswerelittle.

　　B.Theashcausedirritationeveninhealthypeople.

　　C.OtherexpertsthoughtWTO’Swarningswereuseful.

　　D.Thevolcanicashwasmoredangerousthancigarettesmokeorpollution.

　　62.Theunderlinedword“hysterical”inParagraph4mostprobablymeans.

　　A.amazingB.practicalC.valuableD.overstated

　　63.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

　　A.Thevolcanicashwouldn’tbeharmfultopeople.

　　B.Allexpertsthoughtthevolcanicashdidgreatharmtoourhealth.

　　C.Peopleclosetothevolcanowouldlikelybeatriskaccordingtosomeexperts.

　　D.EuropeansshouldstayindoorsbecauseIceland'svolcanostartssettling.

　　答案：

　　.主旨大意题。

本文主要就火山灰对人的健康的危害问题世卫组织和其他专家给出不同观点。

A太笼统;B不能体现不同的观点;C与文章内容无关;D符合题意。

　　61.A.细节理解题。

第三段最后一句可知A是正确的;由第三段中Duringavolcaniceruption……inhealthypeople.可知B错误;由第三段中Otherexperts,however,weren'tconvinced……cigarettesmokeorpollution可排除CD。

　　62.D.词义猜测题。

由上文中volcanicashisnotallthatharmful和下文中onlythoseinthenearvicinityoftheIcelandicvolcanowouldlikelybeatrisk可知D正确,夸大的，言过其实的。

　　.由第三段Butonceitfallsfromagreaterdistance…..effectsareoftenminimal和第四段中onlythoseinthenearvicinityoftheIcelandicvolcanowouldlikelybeatrisk以及第五段中thefurthertheparticlestravel,themoredilutedandlessdangeroustheywillbe可知C正确。

ABD观点表达绝对。

Fearanditscompanionpainaretwoofthemostusefulthingsthatmanandanimalspossessiftheyareused.Iffiredidn’thurtwhenitburned,childrenwouldplaywithituntiltheirhandswereburnedaway.Similarly,ifpainexistedbutfeardidn’t,achildcouldburnitselfagainandagainbecausefearwouldnotwarnittokeepawayfromthefirethathadburntitbefore.Areallyfearlessso