高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙14单元课后题及答案.docx
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高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙14单元课后题及答案
LessonOne
1.Anditisanactivityonlyofhumans.
Andconversationisanactivityfoundonlyamonghumanbeings.
2.Conversationisnotformakingapoint.
Conversationisnotforpersuadingotherstoacceptourideasorpointsofviews.
3.Infact,thebestconversationalistsarethosewhoarepreparedtolose.
Infact,peoplewhoaregoodatconversationwillnotarguetowinorforceotherstoaccepthisideas.
4.Barfriendsarenotdeeplyinvolvedineachother’slives.
Peoplewhomeeteachotherforadrinkinthebarofapubarenotclosefriendsfortheyarenotdeeplyabsorbedineachother’sprivatelives.
5.....itcouldstillgoignorantlyon...
Theconversationcouldgoonwithoutanybodyknowingwhowasrightorwrong.
6.Therearecattleinthefields,butwesitdowntobeef.
Theseanimalsarecalledcattlewhentheyarealiveandfeedinthefields,butwhenwesitdownatthetabletoeat,wecalltheirmeetbeef.
7.ThenewrulingclasshadbuiltaculturalbarrieragainsthimbybuildingtheirFrenchagainsthisownlanguage.
ThenewrulingclassbyusingFrenchinsteadofEnglishmadeithardfortheEnglishtoacceptorabsorbthecultureoftherulers.
8.Englishhadcomeroyallyintoitsown.
EnglishreceivedproperrecognitionandwasusedbytheKingoncemore.
9.Thephrasehasalwaysbeenusedalittlepejorativelyandevenfacetiouslybythelowerclasses.
Thephrase,theKing’sEnglish,hasalwaysbeenuseddisrespectfullyandjokinglybythelowerclasses.（Theworkingpeopleoftenmocktheproperandformallanguageoftheeducatedpeople.）
10.Therebellionagainstaculturaldominanceisstillthere.
AstheearlySaxonpeasants,theworkingpeoplestillhaveaspiritofoppositiontotheculturalauthorityoftherulingclass.
11.Thereisalwaysagreatdangerthat“wordswillhardenintothingsforus.“
Thereisalwaysagreatdanger,asCarlyleputit,thatwemightforgetthatwordsareonlysymbolsandtakethemforthingstheyaresupposedtorepresent.
Translation
a.Howeverintricatethewaysinwhichanimalscommunicatewitheachother,theydonotindulgeinanythingthatdeservesthenameofconversation.
不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。
b.Argumentmayoftenbeapartofit,butthepurposeoftheargumentisnottoconvince.Thereisnowinninginconversation.
争论会经常出现于交谈中，但争论的目的不是为了说服。
交谈中没有胜负之说。
c.PerhapsitisbecauseofmyupbringinginEnglishpubsthatIthinkbarconversationhasacharmofitsown.
或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。
d.Idonotrememberwhatmadeoneofourcompanionssayit---sheclearlyhadnotcomeintothebartosayit,itwasnotsomethingthatwaspressingonhermind---butherremarkfellquitenaturallyintothetalk.
我不记得是什么使得我的一个同伴说起它来的---她显然不是来酒吧说这个的，这不是她事先想好的话题----但她的话相当自然地插入到了交谈中。
e.Thereisalwaysresistanceinthelowerclassestoanyattemptbyanupperclasstolaydownrulesfor“Englishasitshouldbespoken.”
下层社会总会抵制上层社会企图给“标准英语”制定得规则。
f.Wordsarenotthemselvesareality,butonlyrepresentationsofit,andtheKing’sEnglish,liketheAnglo-FrenchoftheNormans,isaclassrepresentationofreality.
词语本身并不是现实。
正如诺曼底人讲的英格鲁--法语一样，标准英语是一个阶层用来表达现实的形式。
g.Perhapsitisworthtryingtospeakit,butitshouldnotbelaiddownasanedict,andmadeimmunetochangefrombelow.
或许试着去说它还是值得的，但是它不能被制定成法令，从而拒绝来自下层的变化。
h.Thereisnoworseconversationalistthantheonewhopunctuateshiswordsashespeaksasifhewerewriting,orevenwhotriestousewordsasifhewerecomposingapieceofproseforprint.
如果一个人说出的话就像写出来的文字，或者试图使用那些创作书面散文的文字，那么没有比这样的交谈者更糟糕的了。
i.WhenE.M.Forsterwritesof“thesinistercorridorofourage,”wesitupatthevividnessofthephrase,theforceandeventerrorintheimage.
当E.M.福斯特写到“我们这个时代的险恶长廊”时，其用语之生动及由其所产生的生动有力，甚至可怖的形象苦令我们拍案叫绝。
j.Therewouldhavebeennoconversationtheothereveningifwehadbeenabletosettleatoncethemeetingof“theKing’sEnglish.”
那天晚上如果我们立刻解决了“标准英语”的含义，就不会有第二天晚上的谈话了。
LessonTwo
1.Theburying-groundismerelyahugewasteofhummockyearth,likeaderelictbuilding-lot.
Theburing-groundisnothingmorethanahugepieceofwastelandfullofmoundsofearthlookinglikeadesertedandabandonedpieceoflandonwhichabuildingwasgoingtobeputup.
2.Allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthatfact.
Alltheimperialistsbuilduptheirempiresbytreatingthepeopleinthecolonieslikeanimals（bynottreatingthepeopleinthecoloniesashumanbeings）.
3.Theyriseoutoftheearth,theysweatandstarveforafewyears,andthentheysinkbackintothenamelessmoundsofthegraveyard.
Theyareborn.Thenforafewyearstheywork,toilandstarve.Finallytheydieandareburiedingraveswithoutaname.
4.Acarpentersitscross-leggedataprehistoriclathe,turningchair-legsatlightningspeed.
Sittingwithhislegscrossedandusingaveryold-fashionedlathe,acarpenterquicklygivesaroundshapetothechair-legsheismaking.
5.Instantly,fromthedarkholesallround,therewasafrenziedrushofJews.
Immediatelyfromtheirdarkhole-likecellseverywhereagreatnumberofJewsrushedoutwildlyexcited.
6.everyoneofthemlooksonacigaretteasamoreorlessimpossibleluxury
EveryoneofthesepoorJewslookedonthecigaretteasapieceofluxurywhichtheycouldnotpossiblyafford.
7.Still,awhiteskinisalwaysfairlyconspicuous.
However,awhite-skinnedEuropeanisalwaysquitenoticeable.
8.Inatropicallandscapeone'seyetakesineverythingexceptthehumanbeings.
Ifyoutakealookatthenaturalsceneryinatropicalregion,youseeeverythingbutthehumanbeings.
9.NoonewouldthinkofrunningcheaptripstotheDistressedAreas.
Noonewouldthinkoforganizingcheaptripsforthetouriststovisitthepoorslumareas
10.fornine-tenthsofthepeopletherealityoflifeisanendless,backbreakingstruggletowringalittlefoodoutofanerodedsoil.
Lifeisveryhardforninetypercentofthepeople．Withhardbackbreakingtoiltheycanproducealittlefoodonthepoorsoil．
11.Sheacceptedherstatusasanoldwoman,thatistosayasabeastofburden.
Shetookitforgrantedthatasanoldwomanshewasthelowestinthecommunity，that。
shewasonlyfitfordoingheavyworklikeananimal．
12.Peoplewithbrownskinsarenextdoortoinvisible.
Peoplewithbrownskinsarealmostinvisible．
13.Theirsplendidbodieswerehiddeninreach-me-downkhakiuniforms.
TheSenegalessoldierswerewearingready—madekhakiuniformswhichhidtheirbeautifulwell—builtbodies．
14.Howlongbeforetheyturntheirgunsintheotherdirection?
Howmuchlongerbeforetheyturntheirgunsaroundandattackus?
。
15.Everywhitemantherehadthisthoughtstowedsomewhereorotherinhismind.
Everywhitemantherehadthisthoughthiddensomewhereorotherinhismind．
●Whenyouwalkthroughatownlikethis-twohundredthousandinhabitantsofwhomatleasttwentythousandownliterallynothingexcepttheragstheystandupin-whenyouseehowthepeoplelive,andstillmorehoweasilytheydie,itisalwaysdifficulttobelievethatyouarewalkingamonghumanbeings.
当你穿行于这样的城镇中—20万居民中至少有2万人除了一身勉强蔽体的破衣烂衫外，一无所有——当你看到这些人是如何生活，又如何轻易死亡时，你总是很难相信自己是行走在人类之中。
●WhenyougothroughtheJewishquartersyougathersomeideaofwhatthemedievalghettoeswereprobablylike.
当你穿过犹太人聚居区时，你就会了解中世纪的贫民区大概是个什么样子。
●Manyofthestreetsareagooddeallessthansixfeetwide,thehousesarecompletelywindowless,andsore-eyedchildrenclustereverywhereiunbelievablenumbers,likecloudsofflies.
很多街道远远不足6英尺宽，房屋根本没有窗户，眼睛肿痛的孩子成群结队，随处可见，像成群的苍蝇，数也数不清。
●Evenablindmansomewhereatthebackofoneoftheboothsheardarumourofcigarettesandcamecrawlingout,gropingintheairwithhishand.
甚至在后面的窝棚里的一个盲人听到要烟的吵嚷声也爬了出来，伸手在空中乱摸。
●5.Ah,that’sonlyforshow!
They’reallmoneylendersreally.
噢！
那只不过是装样子罢了。
实际上他们都是些放贷获利的人。
●6.Injustthesameway,acoupleofhundredyearsago,pooroldwomenusedtobeburnedforwitchcraftwhentheycouldnotevenworkenoughmagictogetthemselvesasquaremeal.
颇为相似的是，几百年前，有些可怜的老妇人常常被当成巫婆活活烧死，但事实上她们连为自己变出一顿像样的饭菜的巫术都没有。
●7.Ittakesinthedried-upsoil,thepricklypear,thepalmtreeandthedistantmountain,butitalwaysmissesthepeasanthoeingathispatch.
那干巴巴的土地，仙人掌，棕榈树和远方的山岭被尽收眼底，但在地里耕作的农民却往往没人看见。
●8.MostofMoroccoissodesolatethatnowildanimalbiggerthanaharecanliveonit.
摩洛哥大部分土地都很荒凉，以至于那里生存的最大的野生动物就是野兔。
●9.Exceptforadayortwoaftertherarerainstormsthereisneverenoughwater.
除了难得的暴雨之后的一两天之外，这里总是缺水。
●10.Itseemstobegenerallythecaseinprimitivecommunitiesthatthewomen,whentheygetbeyondacertainage,shrinktothesizeofchildren.
在原始社会里，妇女超过了一定的年纪身材便会萎缩得如孩子般大小，这似乎是一个普遍现象。
LessonThree
1.Andyetthesamerevolutionarybeliefforwhichourforebearsfoughtisstillatissuearoundtheglobe....
OurancestorsfoughtarevolutionarywartoclaimallmenwerecreatedequalandGodhadendowedthemwithcertainunalienablerightswhichnostateorrulercouldtakeawayfromthem.However,todaythisissuehasnotyetbeensettledinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.
2.Thismuchwepledge---andmore.
Thismuchwepromisetodoandwepromisetodomore.
3.United,thereislittlewecannotdoinahostofcooperativeventures.
Unitedandworkingtogetherwecanaccomplishalotofthingsinalargenumberofjointundertakings.
4.....ourlastbesthopeinanagewheretheinstrumentsofwarhavefaroutpacedtheinstrumentsofpeace...
TheUnitedNationsisourlastandbesthopeofsurvivalinanagewheretheinstrumentsofwarhavefarsurpassedtheinstrumentsofpeace.
5....toenlargetheareainwhichitswritmayrun.
WepledgetohelptheUnitedNations
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