学年山西省运城市临猗县临晋中学高一下学期开学复课摸底考试英语试题.docx

学年山西省运城市临猗县临晋中学高一下学期开学复课摸底考试英语试题.docx

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学年山西省运城市临猗县临晋中学高一下学期开学复课摸底考试英语试题

山西省运城市临猗县临晋中学2019-2020学年高一下学期开学复课摸底考试英语试题

一.阅读理解（每小题3分，共60分）

A

Palacesareknownfortheirbeautyandsplendor,buttheyofferlittleprotectionagainstattacks.Itiseasytodefendalargebuilding,butusuallythesebuildingsarenotdesignedwiththecomfortofakinginmind.Whenitcomestostructuresthatarebothbeautifulanddefensive,theEuropeancastleisabigsuccess.

CastleswereoriginallybuiltinEnglandbytheNormansin1066.Theybuilttowersandwallstosecurethelandtheyhadtaken.ThesecastlesprovidedtheNormanswithaquietandsafeplace.Theyalsoservedasbasesofoperationforattacks.Inthiswaycastlesservedbothdefensiveandoffensiveroles.Besides,castlesservedasofficesforgovernors.Thosethatweresociallybeneaththegovernorwouldcometoreportaffairsandexpresstheirrespect.Theywouldaddressproblems,handlebusiness,feast,andenjoyfestivitiesincastles.Socastlesservedassocialcentersaswell.

Thefirstcastleswerebuiltfromearthandwood,andtheywerelikelytosufferfromattacksbyfire.Thenwoodencastlesweregraduallyreplacedbystone,whichgreatlyincreasedthestrengthofthesetowersandwalls.However,attackerscouldthrowflamingobjectsintocastlesthroughthewindowsorburnthewoodendoors.Thisledtomovingthewindowsandentrancesofffromthegroundflooranduptothefirstfloortomakethemmoredifficulttoaccess.

DuringtheMiddleAges,attacksincreasedinregularity,socastledefenseswereupdated.Arrow-slitswereadded.Theyweresmallholesinthecastle,whichalloweddefenderstofirewithoutbeinghurt.Towerswerebuiltfromwhichdefenderscouldprovidefireonbothsides.Thetowerswereconnectedtothecastlebywoodenbridges,sothatifonetowerfell,therestofthecastlewasstilleasytodefend.Alotofringsofcastlewallswereconstructed,sothatevenifattackerswentpastonewall,theywouldbecaughtonakillinggroundbetweeninnerandouterwalls.Alloftheseincreasedthedefenseofcastles.

Theendofcastlescanbeattributedtogunpowder.Duringthe15thcentury,artillery,akindoflargeguns,becamepowerfulenoughtobreakthroughstonewalls.Thisgreatlymadetheroleofcastleslesseffective.Thoughcastlesnolongerservetheiroriginalpurposes,remainingcastlesreceivemillionsofvisitorseachyearwhowishtoexperiencethesituationsofancienttimes.

1.Whatwastheoriginalfunctionofcastlesaccordingtothepassage?

A.Theyservedastouristattractions.

B.Theywereimportantsocialcenters.

C.Theymarkedreligiousceremonies.

D.Theywerebuiltforuseinemergencies.

2.Thereasonwhywoodencastleswerereplacedbystonecastleswasthat　　　　. 

A.stonecastlescostlessmoney

B.stonecastlesofferedbetterdefense

C.woodencastleswereuncomfortable

D.woodencastlestookalongtimetobuild

3.Whichofthefollowingshowedanimprovementincastledefenses?

A.Castlesweretotallyseparatedbystones.

B.Arrow-slitsweremadeinlargequantities.

C.Ringsofwallswerebuilttodefendthetowers.

D.Windowsandentrancesweremovedtothehigherfloor.

4.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.FancyLiving:

LearningaboutCastles

B.Normans:

BringingCastlestoEngland

C.AHistoryofCastles:

TheRiseandFallofCastles

D.DefendingCastles:

TechnologiesUsedtoDefendCastles

B

KangarooIslandismorefamousforwhatithasn’tgotthanwhatithas.UnlikemainlandAustralia,rabbitsandfoxeswereneverintroduced,sothelocalwildlifehaslesscompetitionforsurvival.Anotherthingtheislanddoesn’thaveissomethingaScottishfriendoncecalled,“TheWayoftheIsland.”Thereisnosenseofbeingontheisland;inmanyplaces,youcanclimbtoahighpointandseenothingbutbushesinanydirection.

Thatcatchesmanyvisitorsoutwhentheyarrivewiththeideaofwalkingorcyclingaroundtheisland.It’sreallytoobigforthat.Thereislittleinthewayofpublictransport,andthemostpracticalwaystogetaroundaretosignupforanorganisedtourorhireacar.

Theisland’smainroad,thePlayfordHighway,headswestwardfromNepeanBayuntilitmeetstheWestEndHighwayinthemiddleofnowhere.TheWestEndHighwayheadssouth;thePlayfordHighwaycontinueswestwardasadirtroadtoCapeBorda,wherethereisalighthouse,afewformerlightkeepers’cottages,aNationalParkVisitorCentreandnothingelse.Muchoftheislandisfarmland;lambandbeeffromKangarooIslandareespeciallyprized.Fruitisalsoamajorexport,butthegrapesinthevineyards（葡萄园）areturnedintoveryacceptablewinefirst.

19NationalParksandConservationAreascoverover30%oftheisland’sarea,andthebiggestofthemliestothesouthwestoftheisland,wheretheFlindersChaseNationalParkcovers32,600hectaresofbushland.Entryisbypermitonly,whichweboughtattheparkentranceatRockyRiver.There,wewonderediftheparkauthoritieshadthewildlifetrained,becausewesawafamilyofkangaroosrightinthecarparkbytheparkoffice,buttheyonlyappearedafterwepaidtheentrancefee!

5.WhyisthewildlifeonKangarooIslandmorelikelytosurvive?

A.Becausetherearenorabbitsorfoxesontheisland.

B.Becauserabbitsandfoxesarelesscompetitivespecies.

C.Becausenobodylivesontheisland.

D.Becausetheislandisfamousforitsbushes.

6.Oneofthemostpracticalwaystogetaroundontheislandisto　　　　. 

A.rentacarB.rideabike

C.takepublictransportD.signupforatravellesson

7.WhatcanyoufindatCapeBorda?

A.ThePlayfordHighway.B.TheWestEndHighway.

C.Afewvineyards.D.Someformerlightkeepers’cottages.

8.TheauthorandhisfamilysawafamilyofkangaroosattheFlindersChaseNationalParkafterthey　　　　. 

A.talkedtotheparkauthoritiesB.paidtheentrancefee

C.wentintotheparkofficeD.arrivedatRockyRiver

C

Farmers,especiallyindevelopingcountries,areoftencriticized（批评）forcuttingdownforests.Butanewstudysuggeststhatmanyfarmersrecognizethevalueofkeepingtrees.

Researchersusingsatellitephotosfoundatleasttenpercentoftreescoveronmorethanonebillionhectaresoffarmland.Thatisalmosthalfthefarmlandintheworld.Earlierestimates（估计）weremuchlowerandincomplete.Theauthorsofthenewstudysayitmaystillunderestimatethetrueextent（程度）worldwide.

ThestudyfoundmosttreescoverinSouthAmerica.NextcomesAfricasouthoftheSahara,followedbySoutheastAsia.NorthAfricaandWestAsiahavetheleast.

Thestudyfoundthatclimateconditionsalonecouldnotexplainthenumberoftreescoversindifferentareas,norcouldthesizeofnearbypopulations,meaningpeopleandtreescanlivetogether.Thereareareaswithfewtreesbutalsofewpeople,andareaswithmanytreesandmanypeople.Thefindingssuggestthatthingslikelandrights,marketsorgovernmentpoliciescaninfluencetreeplantingandprotection.

DennisGarrity,whoheadstheWorldAgroforestryCenter,saysfarmersareactingontheirowntoprotectandplanttrees.Theproblem,hesays,isthatpolicymakersandplannershavebeenslowtorecognizethisandtosupportsuchefforts.

Thesatellitephotosmaynotshowwhatthefarmersareusingthetreesfor,butweallknowtreesoffernuts,fruit,woodandotherproducts.Theyalsohelppreventsoillossandprotectwatersupplies.Evenunderdrought（干旱）conditions,treescanoftenofferfoodandcanbeawaytoearnmoneyuntilthenextgrowingseason.

Sometreesactasnaturalfertilizers.Theytakenitrogen（氮气）outoftheairandputitinthesoil.ScientistsattheCentersaytheuseoffertilizertreescanreducetheneedforchemicalnitrogenbyuptothree-fourths.Treesalsocapturecarbondioxide,agasconnectedtoclimatechange.

9.Throughthestudy,theresearchersfoundthat　　　　. 

A.therearemoretreesonfarmlandthanexpected

B.fewertreesarebeingcutindevelopingcountries

C.mostfarmersstilldon’trealizethevalueoftrees

D.treesplayakeyroleinpreventingclimatechange

10.Whichofthefollowinghastheleasttreecover?

A.SoutheastAsia.B.WestAsia.C.SouthAmerica.D.AfricasouthoftheSahara.

11.InDennisGarrity’sopinion,　　　　. 

A.mostfarmerscareaboutnothingbuttheirowninterests

B.thereareusuallyfewpeoplelivinginareaswithfewtrees

C.governmentplaysasmallroleintreeplantingandprotection

D.governmentshouldsupportfarmersinplantingandprotectingtrees

12.WhatdoesParagraph6mainlytalkabout?

A.Howfarmersplanttrees.B.Whatproductstreescanbring.

C.Theimportanceoftreestofarmers.D.Theenvironmentalvalueoftreecover.

D

Twobillionchildreninthedevelopingworldcan’treceivegoodeducation—thekeytohumandevelopment.However,technologyoffersananswerwhichallowsthepoorindevelopingcountriestolearn.Itisatoolwhichholdstheabilitytochangethelivesofthepoor,asitprovidesameansoflearningandcommunicating.

Educationalprogramsmustbreakawayfromoldsystems.NewcompaniessuchasOneLaptopPerChild（OLPC）,anorganizationfoundedbyMITProfessorNicholasNegropontehavebeenactiveinsolvingtheworld’seducationproblem.

TheInternethaschangedtheworld,allowingeducationalservicestohelpwiththeglobalfightagainstpoverty.KhanAcademyisonesuchservice.LikeOLPC,itisanorganizationfoundedbyHarvardBusinessSchoolgraduateSalmanKhanwiththetaskof“providingafree,world-classeducationforanyone,anywhere”.Theeducationofferedincludesalargenumberofmath-relatedtopics.

TheGMATPillReviewisanothercompanythattrainsMBAcandidates（应考人）worldwidetopreparefortheGMATexamonboththeQuantandVerbalsection.FoundedbyStanfordgraduateZekeLee,thecompanyoffers