学年山西省运城市临猗县临晋中学高一下学期开学复课摸底考试英语试题.docx

1、学年山西省运城市临猗县临晋中学高一下学期开学复课摸底考试英语试题山西省运城市临猗县临晋中学2019-2020学年高一下学期开学复课摸底考试英语试题一.阅读理解（每小题3分，共60分）APalaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a large building, but usually these buildings are not designed with the comfort of a kin

2、g in mind. When it comes to structures that are both beautiful and defensive, the European castle is a big success.Castles were originally built in England by the Normans in 1066.They built towers and walls to secure the land they had taken. These castles provided the Normans with a quiet and safe p

3、lace. They also served as bases of operation for attacks. In this way castles served both defensive and offensive roles. Besides, castles served as offices for governors. Those that were socially beneath the governor would come to report affairs and express their respect. They would address problems

4、, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities in castles. So castles served as social centers as well.The first castles were built from earth and wood, and they were likely to suffer from attacks by fire. Then wooden castles were gradually replaced by stone, which greatly increased the strength of

5、 these towers and walls. However, attackers could throw flaming objects into castles through the windows or burn the wooden doors. This led to moving the windows and entrances off from the ground floor and up to the first floor to make them more difficult to access.During the Middle Ages, attacks in

6、creased in regularity, so castle defenses were updated. Arrow-slits were added. They were small holes in the castle, which allowed defenders to fire without being hurt. Towers were built from which defenders could provide fire on both sides. The towers were connected to the castle by wooden bridges,

7、 so that if one tower fell, the rest of the castle was still easy to defend. A lot of rings of castle walls were constructed, so that even if attackers went past one wall, they would be caught on a killing ground between inner and outer walls. All of these increased the defense of castles.The end of

8、 castles can be attributed to gunpowder. During the 15th century, artillery, a kind of large guns, became powerful enough to break through stone walls. This greatly made the role of castles less effective. Though castles no longer serve their original purposes, remaining castles receive millions of

9、visitors each year who wish to experience the situations of ancient times.1.What was the original function of castles according to the passage?A.They served as tourist attractions.B.They were important social centers.C.They marked religious ceremonies.D.They were built for use in emergencies.2.The r

10、eason why wooden castles were replaced by stone castles was that .A.stone castles cost less moneyB.stone castles offered better defenseC.wooden castles were uncomfortableD.wooden castles took a long time to build3.Which of the following showed an improvement in castle defenses?A.Castles were totally

11、 separated by stones.B.Arrow-slits were made in large quantities.C.Rings of walls were built to defend the towers.D.Windows and entrances were moved to the higher floor.4.What is the best title of the passage?A.Fancy Living: Learning about CastlesB.Normans: Bringing Castles to EnglandC.A History of

12、Castles: The Rise and Fall of CastlesD.Defending Castles: Technologies Used to Defend CastlesBKangaroo Island is more famous for what it hasnt got than what it has. Unlike mainland Australia,rabbits and foxes were never introduced,so the local wildlife has less competition for survival. Another thin

13、g the island doesnt have is something a Scottish friend once called,“The Way of the Island.” There is no sense of being on the island;in many places,you can climb to a high point and see nothing but bushes in any direction.That catches many visitors out when they arrive with the idea of walking or c

14、ycling around the island. Its really too big for that. There is little in the way of public transport,and the most practical ways to get around are to sign up for an organised tour or hire a car.The islands main road,the Playford Highway,heads westward from Nepean Bay until it meets the West End Hig

15、hway in the middle of nowhere. The West End Highway heads south;the Playford Highway continues westward as a dirt road to Cape Borda,where there is a lighthouse,a few former light keepers cottages,a National Park Visitor Centre and nothing else. Much of the island is farmland;lamb and beef from Kang

16、aroo Island are especially prized. Fruit is also a major export,but the grapes in the vineyards (葡萄园) are turned into very acceptable wine first.19 National Parks and Conservation Areas cover over 30% of the islands area, and the biggest of them lies to the southwest of the island,where the Flinders

17、 Chase National Park covers 32,600 hectares of bush land. Entry is by permit only,which we bought at the park entrance at Rocky River. There,we wondered if the park authorities had the wildlife trained,because we saw a family of kangaroos right in the car park by the park office,but they only appear

18、ed after we paid the entrance fee!5.Why is the wildlife on Kangaroo Island more likely to survive?A.Because there are no rabbits or foxes on the island.B.Because rabbits and foxes are less competitive species.C.Because nobody lives on the island.D.Because the island is famous for its bushes.6.One of

19、 the most practical ways to get around on the island is to .A.rent a car B.ride a bike C.take public transport D.sign up for a travel lesson7.What can you find at Cape Borda?A.The Playford Highway. B.The West End Highway. C.A few vineyards. D.Some former light keeperscottages.8.The author and his fa

20、mily saw a family of kangaroos at the Flinders Chase National Park after they .A.talked to the park authorities B.paid the entrance feeC.went into the park office D.arrived at Rocky RiverCFarmers, especially in developing countries, are often criticized (批评) for cutting down forests. But a new study

21、 suggests that many farmers recognize the value of keeping trees. Researchers using satellite photos found at least ten percent of trees cover on more than one billion hectares of farmland. That is almost half the farmland in the world. Earlier estimates (估计) were much lower and incomplete. The auth

22、ors of the new study say it may still underestimate the true extent (程度) worldwide. The study found most trees cover in South America. Next comes Africa south of the Sahara, followed by Southeast Asia. North Africa and West Asia have the least. The study found that climate conditions alone could not

23、 explain the number of trees covers in different areas, nor could the size of nearby populations, meaning people and trees can live together. There are areas with few trees but also few people, and areas with many trees and many people. The findings suggest that things like land rights, markets or g

24、overnment policies can influence tree planting and protection. Dennis Garrity, who heads the World Agroforestry Center, says farmers are acting on their own to protect and plant trees. The problem, he says, is that policy makers and planners have been slow to recognize this and to support such effor

25、ts. The satellite photos may not show what the farmers are using the trees for, but we all know trees offer nuts, fruit, wood and other products. They also help prevent soil loss and protect water supplies. Even under drought (干旱) conditions, trees can often offer food and can be a way to earn money

26、 until the next growing season. Some trees act as natural fertilizers. They take nitrogen (氮气) out of the air and put it in the soil. Scientists at the Center say the use of fertilizer trees can reduce the need for chemical nitrogen by up to three-fourths. Trees also capture carbon dioxide, a gas co

27、nnected to climate change.9.Through the study, the researchers found that.A.there are more trees on farmland than expectedB.fewer trees are being cut in developing countriesC.most farmers still dont realize the value of treesD.trees play a key role in preventing climate change10.Which of the followi

28、ng has the least tree cover?A.Southeast Asia. B.West Asia. C.South America. D.Africa south of the Sahara.11.In Dennis Garritys opinion, .A.most farmers care about nothing but their own interestsB.there are usually few people living in areas with few treesC.government plays a small role in tree plant

29、ing and protectionD.government should support farmers in planting and protecting trees12.What does Paragraph 6 mainly talk about?A.How farmers plant trees. B.What products trees can bring.C.The importance of trees to farmers. D.The environmental value of tree cover.DTwo billion children in the devel

30、oping world cant receive good educationthe key to human development. However,technology offers an answer which allows the poor in developing countries to learn. It is a tool which holds the ability to change the lives of the poor,as it provides a means of learning and communicating.Educational progr

31、ams must break away from old systems. New companies such as One Laptop Per Child (OLPC),an organization founded by MIT Professor Nicholas Negroponte have been active in solving the worlds education problem.The Internet has changed the world,allowing educational services to help with the global fight

32、 against poverty. Khan Academy is one such service. Like OLPC,it is an organization founded by Harvard Business School graduate Salman Khan with the task of “providing a free, world-class education for anyone,anywhere”.The education offered includes a large number of math-related topics.The GMAT Pill Review is another company that trains MBA candidates(应考人)worldwide to prepare for the GMAT exam on both the Quant and Verbal section. Founded by Stanford graduate Zeke Lee,the company offers