高中英语完型填空逻辑关系附注释.docx

高中英语完型填空逻辑关系附注释.docx

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高中英语完型填空逻辑关系附注释

完型填空---逻辑关系的利用

教学目标：

本课将从上海高考英语完型填空的题型特点出发，结合具体实例，归纳和讲解逻辑关系在解决完型填空题时的作用，以期能帮助高三学生提高做题能力。

授课重点：

分析上海高考英语完型填空题的命题特点，结合实例解析逻辑关系在解决相关题目时的作用。

Introduction

对于一篇文章而言，其段与段、句与句之间的衔接都包含着严密的逻辑关系。

因此，把握好前后两个句子或两个段落之间的逻辑关系自然可以在一定程度上提高学生在做完型填空相关题目时的准确率。

上海高考常见的逻辑关系题主要有：

1）通过明确前后逻辑关系选择适当的连词。

2）通过已知连词所表达的逻辑关系为空格处选择适当的词或短语。

Presentation

（1）

EveryoneknowshowthestoryofCinderellaends,butdidyoueverreallythinkabouthowshespentherdaysbeforeshemettheprince?

Herdaily___1___wasnotfascinating.Shedideverythingfromsweepingthefloortocookingthemeals.IfsomeonehadaskedCinderella,“Arethereanykindsof___2___workthatyouparticularlyhate?

”sheprobablywouldhaveanswered,“Why,none,ofcourse.Houseworkismyduty!

”Intherealworld,___3___,mostpeoplehavedefinite___4___forcertainsortsofhousework.Twoofthesetasksareironingclothesandwashingdishes.

 Ironingclothesismosthated___5___itisnotataskthatcanbecompletedquicklyorthoughtlessly.Eachpieceofclothingmustbehandled___6___,soironingabasketoflaundrycantakehours!

Afterironingapieceofclothingwithgreatcare,youneedtoplaceitonahangerassoonaspossible.Ifyoudonotfollowthesedirectionscarefully,itmightbecome___7___andyouhavetostartover.Perhapsthatiswhyironingisnota___8___thingtodo.It___9___extremeattentiontodetailfrombeginningtoend.

 Anotherhouseholdjobthatmanypeopledislikeiswashingdishes.___10___,somepeopleclaimthatthisworkisnolongeraproblembecausewehavedishwashersnow!

However,noonewould___11___thatdishes,silverware,and___12___potsandpanswashedinadishwasherdon’tcomeoutascleanastheydowhenwashedbyhand.Forthisreason,manyofus___13___towashourdishesbyhand,butwearenotnecessarilyhappydoingit.Cleaningdishesisajobthatnotonlytakesalotofenergybutalso__14___thepatiencetowashanddrythem.___15___,unlikeironingclothes,washingdishesisathingthatusuallymustbedoneeveryday.Idon’tknowhowCinderellafeltaboutthisparticulartask,butIbelievethatmostpeoplehateitasmuchasIdo.

1.A.paradeB.patternC.routineD.response

2.A.householdB.patrioticC.invisibleD.mechanical

3.A.moreoverB.henceC.howeverD.therefore

4.A.desiresB.dislikesC.opinionsD.appeals

5.A.butB.becauseC.althoughD.sothat

6.A.gracefullyB.brieflyC.individuallyD.neutrally

7.A.suspendedB.transferredC.leakedD.wrinkled

8.A.favouriteB.regularC.primaryD.painful

9.A.callsonB.callsforC.takesonD.takesfor

10.A.AsaresultB.InfactC.OfcourseD.Forexample

11.A.argueB.admitC.agreeD.assume

12.A.occasionallyB.constantlyC.especiallyD.classically

13.A.attachB.refuseC.continueD.engage

14.A.reducesB.regulatesC.removesD.requires

15.A.InadditionB.InawordC.OnthecontraryD.Bycontrast

其他答案解析：

1.选C.利用上下文信息解题。

根据后文Shedideverythingfromsweepingthefloortocookingthemeals.知道此处应选C。

dailyroutine意为：

日常工作。

parade（游行，检阅），pattern（花样，图案），response（回答，响应）均不符合文意。

2.选A.利用上下文信息解题。

由上文Shedideverythingfromsweepingthefloortocookingthemeals.知道灰姑娘从早到晚都在做家务，故选A.household。

7.选D.利用句内语义线索解题。

句意为：

如果你没有仔细遵循这些指令，衣服可能会变皱，你不得不重新熨烫。

wrinkled表示皱的。

suspended（被暂时搁置的），transferred（转移的、调动的），leaked（漏的）均不符合句意。

8.选A.利用词汇、语义复现解题。

由此段第1句Ironingclothesismosthated知道此处应选A。

notfavourite与hated语义一致。

9.选B.利用句内语义线索解题。

句意为：

熨烫衣服由始至终都需要极其关注细节。

callfor表示需要、要求。

callon（号召、拜访、请求），takeon（承担、呈现），takefor（把…认为是…）均不符句意。

11.选A.利用句内语义线索解题。

句意为：

没有人会争辩用洗碗机洗出来的盘子，银餐具，尤其是壶和平底锅不如手洗的干净。

argue表示争论、争辩。

14.选D.利用句内语义线索解题。

句意为：

洗盘子需要耐心。

（2）

Noonewouldbewillingtopayone-thirdofthepriceforthepackagingorwrappingofwhatheorshepurchases.Butover-packaginghasbecomeadiseasethatleadstoan___1___wasteofresourcesand___2___environmentalpollution.

Thewastedpackagingmaterialsare___3___tobeworthabout280billionyuanannually.Andsuchpackagesandwrappingsthrownawaybycustomers___4___uphalfofthevolumeofsolidwasteincities.___5___,itishightimethatregulationswere___6___tostopenterprisesfromspendingtoomuchonunnecessarypackagingandwrapping.

Toproducepaperpackagingorwrapping,manymoretreeshavetobecutdown.Over-packagingalsolimitstheinterestofconsumerswhentheyhavetospendquiteahighpercentageonsomethingthattheywillhavetothrowintothedustbin.Thesimpletruthisthatthemoreaproducerspendsonpackaging,the___7___theproductsitsellswillbe.

Productpackagingandwrappingusedtobeverysimple30yearsago."Shabby"wasthewordmanyhadusedto___8___thewayChineseproductswerepackaged.AndshabbypackagingwasblamedformakingChineseproducts___9___intheinternationalmarket.

Itis___10___topayenoughattentiontopackagingorwrappingproductsinsuchamannerthattheycanbe___11___tocustomers'eyes.Butthatdoesnotdefinitelyjustifythatpackagingshouldevenoutshinewhatisinside.

IntheChineseproverb,“maiduhuanzhu,”thebuyerreturnsthepearlandjustkeepsthecasebecausethe___12___istoofancyandluxurious.Itnotonlylaughsatthepoor___13___ofthebuyer,butalsocriticizestheunnecessary___14___thesellerhasmadeinmakingthecase.Anothermessagefromtheproverbisthatover-packaginghelpscultivatean___15___consumingattitude--tobuyfancy-lookingstuffbutnotwhattheyreallyneed.

1.A.enormousB.availableC.invisibleD.illegal

2.A.resultsfromB.contributestoC.dependsonD.callsfor

3.A.predictedB.requiredC.acknowledgedD.estimated

4.A.lookB.holdC.makeD.add

5.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.OtherwiseD.Furthermore

6.A.observedB.brokenC.adoptedD.forbidden

7.A.betterB.moreexpensiveC.cheaperD.moreuseful

8.A.recommendB.praiseC.considerD.criticize

9.A.popularB.impressiveC.unattractiveD.qualified

10.A.ridiculousB.incredibleC.unnecessaryD.reasonable

11.A.accustomedB.appealingC.similarD.grateful

12.A.formerB.nextC.otherD.latter

13.A.judgmentB.eyesightC.appetiteD.health

14.A.contributionsB.effortsC.progressD.use

15.A.unfamiliarB.unhealthyC.unnaturalD.unavoidable

其他答案解析：

1.选A.利用句内语义线索解题。

enormouswaste表示巨大的浪费。

2.选B.利用句内语义线索解题。

contributestoenvironmentalpollution表示造成环境污染。

3.选D.利用句内语义线索解题。

estimate表示推测、估算。

4.选C.利用句内语义线索解题。

makeup表示构成。

lookup（查阅），holdup（支撑、支持），addup（加起来、总计）均不符句意。

5.选C.利用句内语义线索解题。

adopt表示采纳。

7.选B.利用上下文信息解题。

根据上文Over-packagingalsolimitstheinterestofconsumerswhentheyhavetospendquiteahighpercentageonsomethingthattheywillhavetothrowintothedustbin.知道商品包装越多，售价越贵，故选B。

8.选D.利用上下文信息解题。

根据后文wasblamedfor知道Shabby是被批评的，故选D.criticize。

9.选C.利用上下文信息解题。

根据前文wasblamedfor知道此处应选贬义词，故选C.unattractive。

13.选A.利用句内语义线索解题。

judgment表示判断。

eyesight（视力），appetite（食欲、欲望），health（健康）均不符句意。

14.选B.利用词汇辨义及搭配解题。

efforts表示努力，即卖家在包装上所花的心思。

知道这种消费态度是“不健康的”，故选B。

unhealthy在此可解释为“病态的”。

（3）

Withyourworkloadgrowing,youmaybetellingyourselfavacationisoneluxuryyoucan’tafford.Butthe___1___isthatyoucan’taffordnottotakeone.Avacation___2___youtheopportunitytorechargeyourphysicalandemotional___3___,disconnectfromeverydayconcerns,andreturntoworkrestedand___4___.Somefactshaveprovedemployeesaremore___5___afteravacationthanbeforeone.Herearesometipsforyoutoplanyourvacationtomakesurethatyourtimeawayfromtheofficeisworryfree.

Timeisright.ARobertHalfsurveyshowsthatJulyandAugustarethemost___6___monthsforemployeestotakeabreakbecausethesemonthsofferidealbeachweatherandmanybusinesses___7___duringthistime.Whenplanningyourvacation,rememberto___8___anyactivitythatyourdepartmentwillbefocusedonduringthattime.___9___,ifabigtaskisplannedforthesummer,youmayconsider___10___yourtripuntilthefall.

Turntoothersfor___11___.Asktrustedcolleaguestohandleyourprojectswhileyou’reaway.Yoursupervisorcanhelpyoudeterminewhoisthemostqualifiedforaparticulartask.

Letyourcontactsknow.Givecolleaguesandcustomersyoufrequentlyworkwithafewweeks’noticebeforeyoustartoff.Thiswillgivethemenoughtimetoplanforyour___12___.

Conducta___13___review.Beforeyouleave,makesurethereisplentyofroominyoure-mailinboxsoyoudon’texceedyour___14___limitwhileyou’reoutoftheoffice,whichmightpreventyoufromsendingmessageswhenyoureturn.

Inshort,takingvacationisnecessaryandbeneficialforyourjob.Butyoumustplanyourvacation___15___inordertobeworkfreeandworryfreeonholiday.

1.A.ruleB.reasonC.truthD.risk

2.A.enablesB.providesC.confirmsD.allows

3.A.musclesB.batteriesC.standardsD.memories

4.A.refreshedB.exhaustedC.identifiedD.excluded

5.A.sensitiveB.stressfulC.desperateD.productive

6.A.favorableB.elaborateC.challengingD.flexible

7.A.clearupB.takeoverC.slowdownD.shoot up

8.A.takechargeofB.takeintoaccount

C.takeupforD.takeadvantageof

9.A.What’smoreB.ForinstanceC.OtherwiseD.However

10.A.postponingB.extendingC.stretchingD.adapting

11.A.evaluationB.possession

C.assistanceD.recommendation

12.A.participationB.sakeC.absenceD.benefit

13.A.historicalB.neutralC.resistantD.technical

14.A.memoryB.storageC.terminalD.supply

15.A.casuallyB.objectivelyC.properly