牛津译林版七年级英语下册Unit7语法知识点讲解 情态动词cancould和may的用法及感叹句.docx
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牛津译林版七年级英语下册Unit7语法知识点讲解情态动词cancould和may的用法及感叹句
牛津译林版七年级英语下册Unit7语法知识点讲解
情态动词can,could和may的用法
情态动词can,could,may的用法
1.情态动词的定义
表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度或表示主观设想。
情态动词没有实际的词义,不能独立作谓语,后接动词原形,一起构成谓语。
情态动词可表示命令、可能、请求、义务、能力、需要等。
情态动词有can/could,may/might,must,shall/should,need等。
如:
AskMrHu.Hemaytellyouthecorrectanswer.
问问胡老师。
他可能会告诉你正确的答案。
Youshouldn’tdothat.你不该做那件事。
Couldyouswimwhenyouwerefive?
你五岁时会游泳吗?
Imustgonow.我现在必须走了。
2.情态动词can,could的用法
①表示能力。
can表示现在的能力,could表示过去的能力。
LastyearDanielcouldn'tplaytennis.去年丹尼尔不会打网球。
—Canyouplaythepiano?
你会弹钢琴吗?
一Yes,Ican.是的,我会。
②表示可能性。
Mancan’tlivewithoutair.没有空气,人类不可能生存。
③表示许可(多用于口语)。
CanIsithere?
我可以坐在这里吗?
④表示请求。
比较委婉地向对方提出请求或征求意见时,could不表示过去,它与can此时没有时间上的差别,可以用can来代替,但could的语气比can的语气更委婉、客气。
could主要用于疑问句中,不用于肯定句中,因此回答时要改用can,婉言拒绝请求可用“I’mafraid...”。
—CouldIsmokehere?
我可以在这儿吸烟吗?
一I’mafraidyoucan’t.恐怕你不可以。
3.情态动词may的用法
①表示可能性。
Shemaybebusythesedays.这些天她可能很忙。
Thestorymaynotbetrue.这个故事可能不是真的。
②表示允许或征求对方的许可。
一MayIgototheshoppingmall?
我可以去购物中心吗?
—Yes,youmay.是的,你可以。
—No,youmustn’t.不,你不可以。
③表示祝愿。
Mayyousucceed!
祝你成功!
巩固练习
ATalkingaboutabilitywith‘can’/‘could’
A1Makesomesentencesuse‘can/could’accordingtothepictures.
shooting(Amy)swimming(Linda)diving(FangFang)weightlifting(ChuChu)
Example:
Amycouldn’tshootlastyear.
Amycanshootthisyear.
A2Theyaretalkingaboutsomeabilitiesonhousework,pleasefillintheblanks.
(1)
Amy:
(Can)you(cook)now?
Betty:
Yes,I(can)cookmanydishes.
A:
Really?
ButI().
B:
Itdoesn’tmatter.Lastyear,I(),either.
A:
Couldyouteachme?
B:
Ofcourse,Ithinkyou()learnitquickly.
A:
Thankyou.I()cook,butI()dosomewashing.AmyBetty
B:
Well,butIthinkit’slessinterestingthancooking.
A:
Maybe.
(2)
MeiMei:
Mymother()cookverydeliciousdishes.
LingLing:
Oh,mymother(),becausesheisverybusy.
M:
ButIthinkyou()helpyourmother,andthat’snot
Hardforyou.
L:
Yes,Ithinkso.Butnow,I()atall.
MeiMeiLingLing
A3Pleaseuse‘couldandcan’tocompareyourabilitieswhenyouwerealittlechildandnow.Writeatleast5sentences.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
A4Choosestherightanswer.
1:
Whenyoutalkaboutyourabilities,youcanuse:
()
A:
canB:
couldC:
beD:
AandB
2:
Whenyoutalkabouttheabilitiesbefore,youcanuse:
()
A:
couldB:
couldn’tC:
canD:
can’t
3:
Whichisrightbelow?
()
A:
couldsB:
canesC:
couldnotD:
couldes
4:
Whichhasthesamemeaningto‘can’?
()
A:
beabletoB:
wantC:
be
5:
Canyouhelpmedosomeshopping?
()
A:
sorry,Ican’t.B:
certainly,Icouldn’t.
C:
Icouldn’t.D:
sorry,Ican.
BTalkingaboutpossibilitywith‘can’/‘could’andchanceswith‘may’/might.
B1Readthesentences,thencompletethesentencesbyusingcanandcouldwiththeverbs.
1JanestudiesEnglisheveryday,andshealwaystalkstoothersinEnglish.ShewillspeakEnglish.
Soonshe_______(talk)toherforeignfriendsfromEnglandinEnglish.
2Johnhaspooreyesight,sohealwayswearapairofglasses.Ifhedoesnotweartheglasses,hewillnotseeanythingclearly.
Today,heforgetstobringhisglasses,sohe________(see)anythingontheblackboardclearly.
3Sallyisgoodatsinging;shewillbeasingerinSingingClub.
TherewillbeaSingingMatch,she________(be)thewinnerinthematch.
4ItwasarainydaylastSunday,anditwasrainingalltheday.
We______(go)toanywhere,butwe_______(stay)athome.
5Lindadidnotreviewverywellsomemonthsago,andshealwaystalkedtoothersintheclasses.
Linda_______(get)thegoodmarkinthatexam.
B2Choosetherightanswer
1.Heaskedmeforthisbookmanytimes.Pleasetellhimthathe______haveittomorrow.
A.must B.may
C.shall D.BothBandC
2.-Willyourbrotherstayhometonight?
I’mnotquitesure.He_______tothecinematonight.
A.mustgo B.cango
C.maygo D.maybegoing
3.You_____returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyou
like.
A.can't B.mustn’tC.needn’t D.maynot
4.Ithoughtyou______likesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyou
somebooks.
A.may B.might C.could D.must
5._____yousucceedand_______youbehealthy.
A.May…may B.Wish…wish
C.Hope…hope D.Should…may
B3Mr.Wuwantstocheckhisstudentsiftheyunderstandhowtouse‘can’,‘could’,‘may’and‘might’.HeasksSandytofinishthesentencesbychoosingthecorrectword.Helpherfinishthem.
1.----CouldIborrowyourbike?
----Yes,ofcourseyou________(could,can).
2.LastyearI________(can’t,couldn’t)swim,butI________(can,could)swimnow.
3.He________(can’t,maynot)beagoodstudentbecauseheisoftenlateforschool.
4.----________(May,Might)Igooutnow?
----No,youmustn’t.Youmuststayathome.
5.Whose______(may,might)itbe?
IthinkitmightbeSimon’s.
参考答案:
A:
Lindacouldn’tswimlastyear.
Lindacanswimthisyear.
FangFangcouldn’tdive3yearsago.
FangFangcandivenow.
ChuChucouldn’tweightliftbefore.
ChuChucanweightliftnow.
A2
(1)Can’tcouldn’tcancan’tcan
(2)cancan’tcancan’t
A3略
A4
(1)D
(2)A(3)C(4)A(5)A
B
B11cantalk2can’tsee3canbe4couldn’tgocouldstay5couldn’tget
B21B2C3D4B5A
B3
1.----CouldIborrowyourbike?
----Yes,ofcourseyoucan(could,can).
2.LastyearIcouldn’t(can’t,couldn’t)swim,butIcan(can,could)swimnow.
3.Hecan’t(can’t,maynot)beagoodstudentbecauseheisoftenlateforschool.
4.----May(May,Might)Igooutnow?
----No,youmustn’t.Youmuststayathome.
1.Whosemight(may,might)itbe?
IthinkitmightbeSimon’s.
语法链接:
感叹句的用法
同学们,你们知道感叹句吗?
如何使用感叹句呢?
表示强烈感情的句子叫感叹句。
感叹句有固定的结构,只要大家掌握了其结构,运用起来就会很容易。
【感
叹句的结构】
一、由what引导
由what引导感叹句时,其后的中心词必须有名词,常见的结构如下:
1.What+a/an+形容词+单数名词(+主语+谓语)!
如:
Whatagoodboy(heis)!
(他是)多么好的男孩子啊!
Whataninterestingstory(thisis)!
(这是)多么有趣的故事啊!
2.What+形容词+复数名词或不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
如:
Whatbigbirds(theyare)!
(它们是)多么
大的鸟啊!
Whatfreshair(itis)!
(它是)多么新鲜的空气啊!
二、由how引导
由how引导感叹句时,其后的中心词必须是形容词或
副词,常见的结构如下:
1.How+形容词(+主语+谓语)!
如:
Howlovely(thebabyis)!
(这个婴儿)多可爱呀!
2.How+副词(+主语+谓语)!
如:
Howfast(sheruns)!
(她跑得)多快呀!
【特别提醒】
1.被修饰的中心词如果是名词,要用what,如果是形容词或副词,就用how。
2.为了简洁,句子的主语和谓语常常省略,即上面括号中的内容。
3.what与how引导的感叹句可以表达相同的意义。
因此,它们之间常常进行同义句转换。
如:
Whataheavyrainitis!
=Howheavytherainis!
多么大的一场雨啊!
4.将句子变为感叹句时,要先排除主谓,然后看句子的剩余部分(被感叹的部分)有没有名词:
有名词的,引导词用what;是形容词或副词的,就要用how引导。
最后把主谓部分放在句子末尾,标点改为感叹号。
如:
Heisagoodstudent.(变为感叹句)
【分析】本题的主谓部分为Heis,剩余部分是agoodstudent,我们可以看出student是名词,因此,引导词用what,变成Whatagoodstudent,最后再把主谓部分heis放在Whatagoodstudent的末尾。
即:
Whatagoodstudentheis!
感叹句练习
一、完成下列感叹句。
1).________difficulthomeworkwehadyesterday!
2).________cutedogitis!
3).________interestingthestoryis!
4).________badtheweatherinEnglandis!
5).________honestboyTomis !
6).________tastysmellthecakegaveoff!
7).________goodtimewehadonthebeachyesterday!
8).________excitingnewsyou'vebroughtus!
9).________coolyournewcaris!
10).________scarythesetigersare!
二、选择填空。
1._______fasttheboyran!
A.How B.Howan
C.What D.Whatan
2._______wellyousingbut_______badlyhedances!
A.How,how B.What,what
C.How,what D.What,how
3.________deliciousthesoupis!
I’dlikesomemore.
A.How B.Howan
C.What D.Whatan
4._______foolstheywere!
Theybelievedwhatthemansaid.
A.How B.Howan
C.What D.Whatan
5._______foolishtheywere!
Theybelievedwhatthemansaid.
A.How B.Howan
C.What D.Whatan
6._______difficultquestionstheyare!
Ican’tanswerthem.
A.How B.Howan
C.What D.Whatan
7.Imissmyfriendverymuch._______Iwanttoseeher!
A.How B.Howan
C.What D.Whatan
8._______lovelyweatherwearehavingthesedays!
A.How B.Howan
C.What D.Whatan
9._______beautifulyournewdressis!
A.How B.Howan
C.What D.Whatan
10._______interestingworkitistoteachchildren!
A.How B.Howan
C.What D.Whatan
三、所给句子填空,使填空句变为相应的感叹句:
1.Theboyswamveryfast.
______________theboyswam!
2.Theschooltripisveryexciting.
______________theschooltripis!
3.HeiLongjianglooksverybeautifulinwinter.
______________HeiLongjianglooksinwinter!
4.Itisaveryusefuldictionary.
_____________________dictionaryitis!
_____________________dictionaryis!
5.Thestudentsarelisteningverycarefully.
________________thestudentsarelistening!
参考答案:
一、What,Whata,How,How,Whatan,What,Whata,What,How,How
二、BAACACACAC
三、1.Howfast
2.Howexciting
3.Howbeautiful
4.Whatauseful,Howusefulthe
5.Howcarefully