On Comparison of Wine Culture between China and Englishspeaking Countries.docx

On Comparison of Wine Culture between China and Englishspeaking Countries.docx

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OnComparisonofWineCulturebetweenChinaandEnglishspeakingCountries

题目：

OnComparisonofWineCulturebetween

ChinaandEnglish-speakingCountries

Contents

Abstract………………………………………………………………………...….iv

1Introduction……………………………………………………………...….……1

2ABriefIntroductionaboutWineCulture................................................................1

2.1DefinitionsofWineCulture.............................................................................1

2.2OriginsofWine………………………………………………………..….…2

2.3TypesofWine..................................................................................................3

2.3.1DifferentWine-makingProcessesbetweenChinaandEnglish-speakingCountries……………………………………………………..............................…..3

2.3.2Moutai.....................................................................................................3

2.3.3Whiskey...................................................................................................5

3DifferentWineCulturesbetweenChinaandEnglish-speakingCountries……....6

3.1SpecialWineCultureatHomeandAbroad…………………………………6

3.1.1WaysofTable-culture....................................………………………...…..7

3.1.2WaysofPub-culture........................................……………………...…….7

3.2ComparisonofChineseWineCustomsandEnglish-speakingCountries’WineCustoms……………………………………………………………….…….…..7

3.2.1ChineseDrinkingEtiquettes..................……………..……….………….8

3.2.2JiuXiandWineGame………………………………………….............9

3.2.3WesternDrinkingEtiquettes……………………………………...……..9

3.2.4AmericanWineFestival..……………………………………….……....9

4Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….10

NotesandReferences………………………………………………………………11

Acknowledgments……………………………………………………..…………..12

.

Abstract:

WineistakenasagiftgivenbyGodintheEnglish-speakingcountries,sopeople’spurposeissimplyfordrinkingwine,theydrinkwinebecauseofappreciation;theydrinkwinethankstotheirenjoymentindrinkingwine.Naturally,winehasitscommunicativefunction,butpeoplemoreliketoseekhowtoenjoytheflavorofwine.InChina,peopledrinkwinewiththeirmotivationforasuccessfulbusinessorfordeepeningemotionwithothers.

Asthedifferenceinhistoricalcontext,socialcustomsandhabits,rationalculture,thinkingpatternsandvaluesetc.,therearedifferencesindrinkingwinebetweentheChinesepeopleandEnglish-speakingcountries’people.Yet,thedissimilaritiesinwinecultureaffectthecommunicationbetweentheChinesepeopleandEnglish-speakingcountries’people.OnaccountoftheslightacquaintanceandlackingnecessaryunderstandingoftheChinaandEnglish-speakingcountries,peoplegetinmanydifficultiesevenmisconstrueeachotherorembarrasseachotherwhentheycommunicate.

Therefore,knowingvariousculture,especiallytheChinesewinecultureandEnglish-speakingcountries’winecultureisconducivetosuccessfulcross-culturalcommunication,todeepeningpeople’sunderstandingincross-culturalcommunication,torespectingbothsidesandtolearningfromother’sstrongpointsandclosingthegap,whichhaverealisticmeaningtobothsidesofcommunication.

摘要：

在西方，酒被认为是酒神赋予人们的礼物，所以人们饮酒的目的很简单，为了欣赏酒而饮酒，为了享受美酒而饮酒。

当然,酒也有交际功能，但是人们更多的是追求如何尽情的享受美酒的味道。

在中国，人们饮酒通常都有自己的动机，有人在推杯换盏之间达成一项交易，有人在把酒言欢中升华了与他人的感情。

因为中西方人们历史背景、风俗习惯、文化传统、思维模式、价值观念等因素的不同使得中西方人在饮酒上存在差异，然而酒文化的差异又影响着中国人与西方人的交流。

由于对中西方文化知之甚少或缺乏必要的了解，人们在交际过程中遇到了许多问题甚至造成误解或使双方处于尴尬境地。

因此，了解不同文化之间的差异，特别是了解中西方酒文化的差异有助于跨文化交际的顺利进行，有助于推动跨文化交际中文化双方的深入理解，相互尊重以及取长补短，对中外文化交流有一定的现实意义。

KeyWords:

WineCulture,Cross-culturalCommunication,China,English-speakingCountries

关键词：

酒文化中国酒文化西方酒文化跨文化交流

OnComparisonofWineCulturebetween

ChinaandEnglish-speakingCountries

1Introduction

Wineisnotsimplyanobjectiveexistencebutalsoasymbolofcultureinthemankindhistory.Asadistinctculture,italmostspreadseveryaspectofsociety.Winecultureexpressesthesharedcultureandhistoricalculture,reflectstheessentialcultureofitsownnationalityfromthesideaspect.Infact,thediversityofwinecultureisthediversityofthenation’sessentialculture.Differentdrinkingcustoms,distinctivewine-makingtechniquesanddifferentrawmaterialsetc.,helpustoenhancethethemeofculturaldifferencesincognition.Knowingandunderstandingdifferentwineculturecanmakecontributetocross-culturalcommunicationbetweentheChinesepeopleandEnglish-speakingcountries’peopleevenmakeacontributiontobuildaharmoniousworld.

ThisthesisbeginswithabriefintroductionofwinethenfollowedbyaseriesofcomparisonsofChineseandEnglish-speakingcountries’wineculturebyfollowingthestepsofwinemakingfrombothsides,representativewinesoftwocultures.Thecomparisonissystematicandwholesome,involvingthefollowingaspects,includingthetypicalculturalproductsandculturalpatterns.FinallytheconclusioncanbedrawnthatitistheseelementsofdeepstructuresofthetwoculturesthatshapetheessentialqualitiesofnationalculturesandcausethedistinctdisparitiesofChineseandEnglish-speakingcountries’cultures.Theyalwayshidebehindculturalproductsandbehaviors,arerelativelystable,andalwaysserveastheunderlyingreasonsfordifferentmanifestationsofculturalvalues.Analysisofelementsofdeepstructurethroughdifferentobservablemanifestationsofculturalvalueswillenhancedeepunderstandingofbothalienandnativecultures,developmutualrespectbetweenthem,andcontinuetoaddtothevigorofnativecultureintheprocessofcross-culturalcommunication.

2BriefIntroductionaboutWineCulture

2.1DefinitionofWineCulture

Wineisakindoffermentedbeveragewithethanolmadebyfood,fruitorthesubstancewhichcontainsamylumorsugar.Culture,isthesumofmaterialandspiritualwealthcreatedbymankindinthecourseofsocialdevelopment,especiallythespiritualwealth.ThephrasewineculturewasfirstproposedinChinain1987byafamousChineseeconomistMr.YuGuangyuan.Hesaid:

GeneralizedwinecultureincludingitsowndevelopmentaffectsChina’seconomicconstructionandChinesepeople’slifeinacertainextent.[1]（P.1）Wineculturebecomesacommonculturalphenomenoninpeople’slifelikeothercultureswhenwinecomesoutintheworld,withitsdevelopmentofhistoricalstage,continuityandcontinuation,itturnsintoacatalystinhumanmateriallifeandspirituallife.Winecultureisthesumofphysicalbehaviourincludingtechniqueandspiritualphenomenonincludingsociologyandpsychologyrelatedtowine.Theoriginofwine,productionofwine,circulationofwine,consumptionofwine,especiallythesocialculturalfunctionofwineandallthephenomenonbroughtbywinesuchasasocialproblem,arealsointhescopeofwineculture.Usually,thewineculturethatpeopletakingisanarrowly-definedonewhichjustcontainsthedrinkingcustoms,drinkingetiquettesandsomeinterestingstoriesaboutwineorsomefamouspersonsconnectingtowine.

2.2OriginsofWine

InChina,therearefourkindsofsayingabouttheoriginofwine.

Thefirstsayingisthatwinewasmadebygod,andsomepoemscanproveit.LiBai（afamouspoetoftheTangDynasty）saidifthegoddoesn’tlikewinethenthewinestarwouldnotbeinheaven.（天若不爱酒，酒星不在天。

—李白《月下独酌.其二》）[2]（P.99）.KongRong（alitterateuroftheHanDynasty）saidthatwhytheheavenhangsintheskyisthatwinestar’sshinningandtheearthbelongstothewinespring.（天垂酒星之耀，地列酒泉之郡。

—孔融《与曹操论酒禁书》）[3]（P.66）.LiHe（afamouspoetoftheTangDynasty）saidthatwineispouringoutoflongtou（akindofcopper-madevesselusedtoservingwine,itsshapelookslikeadragon）totheglass,invitingJiuXing（aGodintheheavenconductingdrinkingandeatinginthecelebrationorfeast）todrinktogetherandallowthemtodrinkandeatfood.（龙头泻酒邀酒星。

—李贺《秦王饮酒》）[4]（P.16）.Yet，winemakingbygoddoesn’tonlyhavereasonsortheoriestosupportit,anditalsodoesn’thavescientificexplanation,soitisjustsomeliteraryexaggeration.

Thesecondsayingisthatwinewasmadebysemian.Itiswrittenintheancientbooksthatpeopleinancientryusedwinetocatchsharp-witted,cleversemiansbecausetheylikeddrinkingwine.Semianslikednotonlydrinkingwine,theyalsocouldmakewine.IntheQingDynasty,abookmanoncewroteinhisbookthatthereweremanysemiansintheplaceQingZhou……peopleinQiongZhoueverfoundyuanjiu（winemadebysemians）inthedeeprock,whichwasmadebyriceandflowers.Therewerealmostfiveorsixlitreinacave.Thewinetastedspicybutitwashardtoget.（琼州多猿……尝于石岩深处得猿酒，盖猿以稻米杂百花所造，一石穴辄有五六升许，味极辣，然极难得。

—李调元《粤东笔记》。

）[5]（P.94）.

AnotherbookintheMingDynastyalsorecordedthatMountHuanghadmanysemians,theyoftenpickedwildflowersandfruitsandputitintolow-lyingstone.Throughfermenting,akindofwatercalledwinewasmade,emanatingfragrance,smeltoutsidehundredsofsteps.Thewoodchopperfoundthewineanddrankitsecretly.Woodchoppercouldnotdrinkittoomuchbecausesemianscouldfindthatthewinewasreducedifthetraceonthesurfaceoflow-lyingstonedropped.Andifthewoodchopperwascaughtunluckilybysemians,theywouldbeplayedtricksontodeath.（黄山多猿揉，春夏采杂花果于石洼中，酝酿成酒，香气溢发，闻数百步。

野樵深入者或得偷饮之，不可多，多即减酒痕，觉之，众揉伺得人，必嬲死之。

—李日华《紫桃轩又缀》）[6]（P.166）.ThemagazineFoodandLifeoncereportedthatintheareaofLongjiasai,ZuojiangGuangxiprovince,therewasstillaphenomenawhichthelocalfarmerstookfermentedwildapricotandpeachhometohelpmakingwinefromthesemians’cave.Ofcourse,whatthewinesemiansmadealmostwildfruitfullofwineflavor.

ThethirdsayingisthatwinewasmadebyYiDi.Oneday,oneofthewivesofYu（aleaderofXiaTribalin