步进电机及单片机英文文献及翻译.docx

步进电机及单片机英文文献及翻译.docx

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步进电机及单片机英文文献及翻译

外文文献：

Knowledgeofthesteppermotor

Whatisasteppermotor：

Steppermotorisakindofelectricalpulsesintoangulardisplacementoftheimplementingagency.Popularlittlelesson:

Whenthedriverreceivesasteppulsesignal,itwilldriveasteppermotortosetthedirectionofrotationatafixedangle（andthestepangle）.Youcancontrolthenumberofpulsestocontroltheangulardisplacement,soastoachieveaccuratepositioningpurposes;thesametimeyoucancontrolthepulsefrequencytocontrolthemotorrotationspeedandacceleration,toachievespeedcontrolpurposes.

Whatkindsofsteppermotorsub-：

Inthreesteppermotors:

permanentmagnet（PM）,reactive（VR）andhybrid（HB）permanentmagnetstepperusuallytwo-phase,torque,andsmaller,stepangleof7.5degreesorthegeneral15degrees;reactionstepisgenerallythree-phase,canachievehightorqueoutput,stepangleof1.5degreesisgenerally,butthenoiseandvibrationarelarge.80countriesinEuropeandAmericahavebeeneliminated;hybridstepperisamixofpermanentmagnetandreactiveadvantages.Itconsistsoftwophasesandthefive-phase:

two-phasestepangleof1.8degreeswhilethegeneralfive-phasestepangleof0.72degreesgenerally.ThemostwidelyusedStepperMotor.

Whatistokeepthetorque（HOLDINGTORQUE）

Howmuchprecisionsteppermotor?

Whetherthecumulative：

Thegeneralaccuracyofthesteppermotorstepangleof3-5%,andnotcumulative.

Steppermotortoallowtheminimumamountofsurfacetemperature

Steppermotortoallowtheminimumamountofsurfacetemperature：

Steppermotorcausesthemotortemperatureistoohighthefirstmagneticdemagnetization,resultinginlossoftorquedownevenfurther,sothemotorsurfacetemperatureshouldbethemaximumalloweddependingonthemotordemagnetizationofmagneticmaterialpoints;Generallyspeaking,themagneticdemagnetizationpointsareabove130degreesCelsius,andsomeevenashighas200degreesCelsius,sothesteppermotorsurfacetemperatureof80-90degreesCelsiusisnormal.

HowtodeterminethesteppermotordriverDCpowersupply：

A.Determinationofthevoltage

Hybridsteppingmotordriverpowersupplyvoltageisgenerallyawiderange（suchastheIM483supplyvoltageof12~48VDC）,thesupplyvoltageisusuallybasedontheworkofthemotorspeedandresponsetotherequesttochoose.Ifthemotoroperatingspeedhigherorfasterresponsetotherequest,thenthevoltagevalueishigh,butnotethattheripplevoltagecannotexceedthemaximuminputvoltageofthedrive,oritmaydamagethedrive.

B.DeterminationofCurrent

PowersupplycurrentisgenerallybasedontheoutputphasecurrentdriveItodetermine.Ifalinearpowersupply,powersupplycurrentisgenerallypreferable1.1to1.3timestheI;ifweadopttheswitchingpowersupply,powersupplycurrentisgenerallypreferabletoI,1.5to2.0times.

Themaincharacteristicsofsteppingmotor：

Asteppermotordrivecanbeaddedoperatepulsedrivesignalmustbenopulsewhenthesteppermotoratrest,suchas

Ifaddingtheappropriatepulsesignal,itwilltoacertainangle（calledthestepangle）rotation.Rotationspeedandpulsefrequencyisproportionalto.

2Dragonstepanglesteppermotorversionis7.5degrees,360degreesaround,takes48pulsestocomplete.

3steppermotorhasinstantstartandrapidcessationofsuperiorcharacteristics.

Changethepulseoftheorderof4,youcaneasilychangethedirectionofrotation.

Therefore,thecurrentprinters,plotters,robotics,andsodevicesarethecoreofthesteppermotorasthedrivingforce.

Steppermotorcontrolexample

Weusefour-phaseunipolarsteppermotorasanexample.ThestructureshowninFigure1:

Fourfour-phasewindingleads（asopposedtophaseA1A2B1phasephaseB2）andtwopubliclines（tothepowerofpositive）.Thewindingsofonephasetothepoweroftheground.Sothatthewindingswillbeinspired.Weusefour-phaseeight-beatcontrol,ie,1phase2phasealternatingturn,wouldenhanceresolution.0.9°perstepcanbetransferredtocontrolthemotorexcitationistransferredinorderasfollows:

Iftherequirementsofmotorreversal,thetransmissionexcitationsignalcanbereversed.2controlscheme

Controlsystemblockdiagramisasfollows

TheprogramusesAT89S51asthemaincontroldevice.ItiscompatiblewiththeAT89C51,butalsoincreasedtheSPIinterfaceandthewatchdogmodule,whichnotonlymakesthedebuggingprocessbecomeseasyandalsomorestable.Themicrocontrollerintheprogrammainlyforfieldsignalacquisitionandoperationofthesteppermotortocalculatethedirectionandspeedinformation.ThensenttotheCPLD.

CPLDwithEPM7128SLC84-15,EPM7128programmablelogicdeviceoflarge-scale,fortheALTERAcompany'sMAX7000family.Highimpedance,electricallyerasableandothercharacteristics,canbeusedforthe2500unit,theworkingvoltageof+5V.CPLDreceivesinformationsentfromthemicrocontrollerafterconvertedtothecorrespondingcontrolsignaloutputtothesteppermotordrive.Putthecontrolsignaldrivesthemotorwindingsaftertheinput,toachieveeffectivecontrolofthemotor.2.1Thehardwarestructureofthemotordrive

Motordriveusingthefollowingcircuit:

R1-R8inwhichtheresistancevalueof320Ω.R9-R12resistancevalue2.2KΩ.Q1-Q4asDarlingtonD401A,Q5-Q8fortheS8550.J1,J2andthesteppermotorconnectedtothesix-lead。

Advantagesanddisadvantagesofsteppermotor

Advantages

1.Themotorrotationangleisproportionaltothenumberofpulses;

2.Whenthemotorstoppedwithamaximumtorque（whenthewindingexcitationtime）;

3.Sincetheaccuracyofeachstepinthethreepercenttofivepercent,andtheerrorwillnotaccumulatetothenextstepandthushasbetterpositionalaccuracyandrepeatabilityofmovement;

4.Excellentresponsefromthestopandreverse;

5.Intheabsenceofbrush,highreliability,itjustdependsonthelifeofthemotorbearinglife;

6.Motorresponseonlydeterminedbythenumberofinputpulses,whichcanbeusedopenloopcontrol,whichmakesthemotorandcontrolstructurecanberelativelysimple

Systemcost

7.Justloaddirectlyconnectedtothemotorshaftcanalsobeextremelyslowsynchronousrotation.

8.Speed​​isproportionaltothepulsefrequency,andthusarelativelywidespeedrange.

Shortcomings

1.Ifnotproperlycontrolledpronetoresonance;

2.Difficultoperationtoahigherspeed.

3.Difficulttoobtainhightorque

4.Thereisnoadvantageintermsofvolumeweight,lowenergyefficiency.

5.Overloadwilldestroythesynchronization,theworkwillbeissuedwhenhigh-speedvibrationandnoise.

Steppermotordriverequirements

（1）toprovidefastriseandfallofcurrentspeed,thecurrentwaveformascloseaspossiblerectangle.

Fortheperiodendedwiththereleaseoftheloopcurrentflow,toreducethewindingendsofthebackelectromotiveforce,toacceleratethecurrentdecay.

（2）rhymewithhigherpowerandefficiency.

Steppermotordriver,whichisthecontrolpulsesignalemittedintotheangulardisplacementofthesteppermotor,or:

thecontrolsystemsendsapulsesignaleachthroughthesteppermotordrivetorotateastepangle.Thatisthesteppermotorspeedisproportionaltothefrequencyandpulsesignals.Therefore,thefrequencycontrolpulsesignal,tobeprecisemotorspeedcontrol;controlthenumberofsteppulsestoconnectthemotoraccurately.Steppermotordrivetherearemany,weshouldtakeareasonablechoiceofpowerrequirementsofthedrive,thefollowingwereintroducedvarioustypesoftypicaldrive.

Thelatesttechnologicaldevelopments

Domesticandinternationalresearchonthesub-drivetechnologyisveryactive,high-performancesub-drivercircuitcanbebrokendownintothousandsorevenanysubdivision.Nowabletodocomplicatedcalculationstomakeafterthebreakdownofuniformstepangle,whichgreatlyimprovestheresolutionofsteppermotorpulses,reduceoreliminatethevibration,noiseandtorqueripple,thesteppermotorismore"classserver"feature.

Theactualroleofstepangle:

intheabsenceofsub-drive,theuserselectadifferentnumberofphasesdependsmainlyonthesteppermotortomeettheirownrequirementsonthestepangle，Ifyouusethesub-drive,theusercanchangethedrivenumberofsegments,candramaticallychangetheactualstepanglesteppermotor'phases'ofchangeintheroleoftheactualstepangleisalmostnegligible.

IntroductionofAT89C51

Description

TheAT89C51isalow-power,high-performanceCMOS8-bitmicrocomputerwith4KbytesofFlashprogrammableanderasablereadonlymemory（PEROM）.ThedeviceismanufacturedusingAtmel’shigh-densitynonvolatilememorytechnologyandiscompatiblewiththeindustry-standardMCS-51instructionsetandpinout.Theon-chipFlashallowstheprogrammemorytobereprogrammedin-systemorbyaconventionalnonvolatilememoryprogrammer.Bycombiningaversatile8-bitCPUwithFlashonamonolithicchip,theAtmelAT89C51isapowerfulmicrocomputerwhichprovidesahighly-flexibleandcost-effectivesolutiontomanyembeddedcontrolapplications.

Functioncharacteristic

TheAT89C51providesthefollowingstandardfeatures:

4KbytesofFlash,128bytesofRAM,32I/Olines,two16-bittimer/counters,afivevectortwo-levelinterruptarchitecture,afullduplexserialport,on-chiposcillatorandclockcircuitry.Inaddition,theAT89C51isdesignedwithstaticlogicforoperationdowntozerofrequencyandsupportstwosoftwareselectablepowersavingmodes.TheIdleModestopstheCPUwhileallowingtheRAM,timer/counters,serialportandinterruptsystemtocontinuefunctioning.ThePower-downModesavestheRAMcontentsbutfr