版高考英语译林版新探究大一轮复习练习必修3 Unit 3 知能演练 轻松闯关 含答案.docx

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版高考英语译林版新探究大一轮复习练习必修3Unit3知能演练轻松闯关含答案

课时练1　阅读理解提速练

[学生用书P273（单独成册）]

阅读理解

A

（2019·济南5月高考针对性练习）LionsarethetoptouristattractiontoKenyaandalsoconsideredcriticallyendangered.Oneofthemaincausesoftheirdeathisthatpeoplekilltheminreturnforlionsattackingtheircows.“Weputourcowsinasmallcowshelteratnight，”localssaid,“andthat’swhenthetroublewouldstart.Lionswouldjumpintheshelterandkillthecows.”

Therehavebeenalotofeffortstotrytoprotectthelions,buttheyareincrisisandeveryoneislookingforasolution.Oneideawaslandtenancy（租用），andanotherwaslionprooffences.However,nooneevenknewthatRichardTurere,a13yearoldMaasaifromKenya,hadalreadycomeupwithsomethingthatworked.

OnenightRichardwaswalkingaroundwithaflashlightanddiscoveredthelionswerescaredofamovinglight.Anideawasborn.Threeweekslater,Richardinventedasystemoflightsthatflasharoundthecowshelter,mimickingahumanwalkingaroundwithaflashlight.Hissystemismadefrombrokenflashlightpartsandanindicatorboxfromamotorcycle.“TheonlythingIboughtwasasolarpanel（太阳能电池板）,whichchargesabatterythatsuppliespowertothelightsatnight，”Richardsays.HecallsthesystemLionLights.

Hissimplesolutionwassosuccessful.HisneighborsheardaboutitandwantedLionLightstoo.Heputinthelightsforthem.Fromthere,thelightsspreadandarenowbeingusedallaroundKenya.SomeoneinIndiaistryingthemoutfortigers.InZambiaandTanzaniathey’rebeingusedaswell.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。

狮子因为经常偷袭肯尼亚当地人饲养的奶牛而遭到杀害，这导致肯尼亚狮子的数量大量减少，已经濒临灭绝。

人们想出多种方法来保护狮子，但收效甚微。

当地一个13岁的男孩发明了一种“狮灯系统”解决了这一难题。

1．Whydolocalpeoplekilllions?

A．Toattracttourists.

B．Toprotecttheircows.

C．Tosellthemformoney.

D．Toscareawaylargeanimals.

B　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句“Oneofthemaincausesoftheirdeathisthatpeoplekilltheminreturnforlionsattackingtheircows.”可知，狮子死亡的主要原因之一是狮子袭击当地人的奶牛，为了保护奶牛，他们不得不杀死狮子，故B项正确。

2．WhatmakesRichard’sideasuccessful?

A．Thatthelightswillcostnothing.

B．Thatthesystemcanprotectlions.

C．Thatthelionsareafraidofamovinglight.

D．Thatthecowsarelawfullykilled.

C　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第三段第一句“OnenightRichardwaswalkingaroundwithaflashlightanddiscoveredthelionswerescaredofamovinglight.”可知，一天晚上，Richard发现狮子害怕移动的光；结合下文他发明的装在牛棚上的闪光灯取得良好的效果可知，他的想法成功的原因是狮子害怕移动的光，故C项正确。

3．Whatmaybethebesttitleofthetext?

A．LionLights　　　　　B．ProtectingLions

C．EndangeredCowsD．LionproofFences

A　解析：

标题归纳题。

通读全文可知，本文倒数第二段尾句“HecallsthesystemLionLights.”为文章的主题句，结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了肯尼亚的一个13岁男孩发明“狮灯系统”的过程，这种方法既保护了当地的奶牛免遭狮子袭击，也保护了狮子免遭杀害，故A项最适合作为本文的标题。

B

（2019·吉林省实验中学月考）Howdotheworld’sonlyflyingmammalscommunicate?

Researchershaveobservedyoungbatsadoptingnew“dialects”simplybyhearingthemrepeatedly,makingthemoneofthefewanimalsknowntohaveacapacityforvocal（声音的）learning.“Thesebatsmayhelpusclarifytheevolutionofspeechacquisition（习得）skills，”saysYosefPrat,aPhDatTelAvivUniversity（TAU）．

Foroneyear,researchersraised14Egyptianfruitbatpupswiththeirmothersinthecontrolledarea,exposingeachyoungbattotwodifferentvocalizations:

thenaturalcallofitsmotherandaseparaterecordingthatvariedinpitch（音高）orfrequency.Theyfoundthatthepupsineachgroupdevelopedadialectliketherecording.“Thegeneralassumptioninthisfieldisthatmostanimalsdeveloptheirbornvocalizationsregardlessofwhattheyhear,andthathumanvocallearningabilitieshavedevelopedduringevolution，”saysMr.Prat.“Thefindingthatbatslearnthecommondialectintheirrestplacewasunusual.”

Scientistsknowlittleabouttheoriginofspokenlanguage,whichisbelievedtohaveappearedinhumanswithinthepast500，000years.Dozensoftheoriesattempttoexplainthecomplexityofthisskill,butnonehavedonesoconclusively.

“Studyingvocalcommunicationandvocallearninginanimalmodelsisaveryusefulwaytoapproachtheproblem，”saysOlgaFeher,anassistantprofessorattheUniversityofWarwickinEngland.

“Butanimalvocalizationsandhumanspeechareverydifferentthings，”saysJaminPelkey,aprofessoratRyersonUniversity.“Allspeciescommunicate.Unlikeotheranimals,though,humanbeingsareabletousesoundpatternsforfunctionsthatarefarstranger—functionsthatareimaginative,theoretical,andcritical.Whenspeechisinvolvedinthesestrangerfunctions,thatiswhatwemeanbyspoken‘language’．”

【解题导语】　本文是一篇科普说明文。

研究人员发现，蝙蝠可以通过发出一种声音来沟通交流，不同群体的蝙蝠会发出不同的声音。

人们想通过研究蝙蝠的这种交流方式来探索语言发展的本源，但也有人指出动物的“语言”交流和人类的语言是有本质的区别的。

4．Howdoyoungbatsacquiretheir“language”accordingtotheresearch?

A．Flyingintheairslowly.

B．Hearingitagainandagain.

C．Communicatingwithpartners.

D．Repeatingitwiththeirmothers.

B　解析：

细节理解题。

根据题干中的关键词youngbats和acquiretheir“language”可以定位至第一段。

由该段第二句“Researchershaveobservedyoungbatsadoptingnew‘dialects’simplybyhearingthemrepeatedly...”可知，蝙蝠幼崽是通过一遍遍地听来学习“语言”的。

故选B。

5．Whatwasthegeneralviewaboutanimalvocalization?

A．Mostanimalsarebornwithit.

B．Itsprocesswasunusual.

C．Itiseasierthanhumanspeech.

D．Whatanimalshearddoesn’taffecttheirlearning.

D　解析：

细节理解题。

根据题干中的关键词generalview和vocalization可定位至第二段。

由该段的倒数第二句“Thegeneralassumptioninthisfieldisthatmostanimalsdeveloptheirbornvocalizationsregardlessofwhattheyhear...”可知，大多数动物不管听到什么，其天生的发音能力都会自然发育。

据此可知，动物所听到的不会对它们的发声能力有影响，故选D。

6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“problem”inParagraph4referto?

A．Thedifferencebetweenanimalsandhumans.

B．Thecomplexityofspokenlanguage.

C．Theoriginofspokenlanguage.

D．Thestudyofanimalmodels.

C　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第三段可知，科学家们对口头语言的起源问题知之甚少，也没有一种能够服众的理论。

结合画线单词所在句“Studyingvocalcommunicationandvocallearninginanimalmodelsisaveryusefulway...”可知，用动物作为研究对象是解决这一问题的一种很有用的方法；据此可知，画线单词指代“口头语言的本源是什么”这一问题，故选C。

7．WhatdoesprofessorPelkeythinkofresearchingyoungbats?

A．Itisfarfromthefact.

B．Itsresultisbeyonddoubt.

C．Itisofgreatscientificvalue.

D．Itdoesn’trelatetohumanspeechmuch.

D　解析：

细节理解题。

根据题干中的关键词Pelkey可定位至第五段。

由该段第一句可知，佩尔基教授认为动物发声和人类语言不大一样。

C

（2019·桂林、百色、崇左联考）Bytryingtotickle（使发痒）ratsandrecordinghowtheirnervecellsrespond,ShimpeiIshiyamaandhisadviserarediscoveringamysterythathaspuzzledthinkerssinceAristotleexpectedthathumans,giventheirthinskinanduniqueabilitytolaugh,weretheonlyticklishanimals.

ItturnsoutthatAristotlewaswrong.IntheirstudypublishedonThursday,IshiyamaandhisadviserMichaelBrechtfoundthatratssqueakedandjumpedwithpleasurewhentickledontheirbacksandbellies.Thesesignsofjoychangedaccordingtotheirmoods.Andforthefirsttime,theydiscoveredaspecialgroupofnervecells.Thesenervecellsmadethisfeelingsopowerfulthatitcausesaratbeingtickledtolosecontrol.

Tomakesurethathehadindeedfoundaplaceinthebrainwhereticklingwasprocessed,Ishiyamathenstimulated（刺激）thatareawithelectricalcurrents.Theratsbegantojumplikerabbitsandsinglikebirds.

“It’strulygroundbreaking，”saidJeffreyBurgdorf,aneuroscientistatNorthwesternUniversitywhoreviewedthepaper.“Ittakesthestudyofemotiontoanewlevel.”

Burgdorfhasplayedacentralroleinourunderstandingofanimaltickling.Hewaspartofateamthatfirstnoticed,inthelate1990s,thatratsmadespecialnoiseswhentheywereexperiencingsocialpleasure.Othershadalreadynotedthatratsrepeatedlymadeshortandhighsoundsduringmeals.ButthelabwhereBurgdorfworkednoticedthattheyemittedsimilarsoundswhileplaying.Andsooneday,theseniorscientistinthelabsaid,“Let’sgoandticklesomerats.”Theyquicklyfoundthatthosecriesofpleasuredoubled.

“Theauthorshavebeenveryadventurous，”saidDanielO’Connor,aneuroscientistatJohnsHopkinsUniversity.Tohim,thatfindingwasverysurprising.

“Whydoestheworldliterallyfeeldifferentwhenyouarestressedout？

”hesaid.“Thisisthefirststeptowardsansweringthatquestion.Itgivesusawaytoapproachitwithexperimentalrigor（严谨）．”

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。

文章中科学家通过刺激老鼠来记录它们的神经细胞的反应，所得出的结论将对情绪的研究提升到了一个新的高度。

8．Whatcontributedtohumans’beingticklishaccordingtoAristotle?

A．Theirspecialskin.

B．Theirsocialpleasure.

C．Theirnervoussystem.

D．Theirwillingnesstotouch.

A　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“sinceAristotleexpectedthathumans,giventheirthinskinanduniqueabilitytolaugh,weretheonlyticklishanimals”可知，亚里士多德认为人类由于其皮肤薄，而且有独特的笑的能力而成为唯一怕痒的动物，所以正确答案为A。

9．WhichofthefollowingstatementswillJeffreyBurgdorfagreewith?

A．Theresearchprocessisfullofrisks.

B．Thefindingofthestudyissurprisingandunbelievable.

C．Thenewdiscoveryisbeneficialforthestudyofemotion.

D．Thefindingofthestudyactuallycontradictsmodernscience.

C　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第四段中的“Ittakesthestudyofemotiontoanewlevel.”可知，这项研究成果把对情绪的研究提升到了一个新的高度，显然，这对情绪的研究是有益处的。

故答案为C。

10．Theunderlinedword“squeaked”inParagraph2maybereplacedby“________”．

A．gaveasmile

B．madeanoise

C．burstintotears

D．watchedwithstaringeyes

B　解析：

词义猜测题。

根据该词后面的“jumpedwithpleasurewhentickledontheirbacksandbellies”可知，当在老鼠的背部和腹部挠痒痒的时候，它们会高兴地跳起来，再结合第三段中的“Theratsbegantojumplikerabbitsandsinglikebirds.”可知，此处是“发出声音”的意思，故选B。

11．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A．TheLifeofRats

B．HowRatsLaugh

C．AWonderfulScientist

D．ANewDiscoveryaboutRats

D　解析：

标题归纳题。

根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了一项关于老鼠的新发现。

故答案为D。

D

（2019·贵阳摸底考试）Pollution’sseriouseffectsontheenvironmenthavebecomemoreobviousinrecentyears.Mostscientistsagreethateffortsarenecessarytoprotectourenvironmentfromfurtherharm.

Asweknow,theconstructionindustryconsumesalargequantityofenergyandresourcesandcreatesahuge